A new topological aspect of the arbitrary dimensional topological defects

Journal of Mathematical Physics

Volumn 41, Issue 9, 2000, Pages 6463-6476

  Jiang, Ying ^a,b   Duan, Yishi ^c  

^a CCAST WORLD LABORATORY   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS   (China)

^c LANZHOU UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034345930     PISSN: 00222488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.1286981     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. M. B. Hindmarsh and T. W. B. Kibble, Rep. Prog. Phys. 58, 477 (1995).
2. A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rep. 121, 263 (1985); J. Presikill, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 34, 461 (1984); T. W. B. Kibble, J. Phys. A 9, 1347 (1979); M. Barriola and A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 341 (1989).
3. A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rep. 121, 263 (1985); J. Presikill, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 34, 461 (1984); T. W. B. Kibble, J. Phys. A 9, 1347 (1979); M. Barriola and A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 341 (1989).
4. A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rep. 121, 263 (1985); J. Presikill, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 34, 461 (1984); T. W. B. Kibble, J. Phys. A 9, 1347 (1979); M. Barriola and A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 341 (1989).
5. A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rep. 121, 263 (1985); J. Presikill, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 34, 461 (1984); T. W. B. Kibble, J. Phys. A 9, 1347 (1979); M. Barriola and A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 341 (1989).
6. E. Guéron and P. Letelier, Phys. Rev. D 56, 5272 (1997).
7. J. De Boer and Y. Oz, Nucl. Phys. B 511, 155 (1998).
8. W. C. Su, Phys. Rev. D 57, 5100 (1997).
9. J. Blanco-Pillado, R. Vázquez, and E. Zas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3614 (1997).
10. R. Cen, Astrophys. J. 491, 1 (1997).
11. J. Paris and J. Roca, hep-th/9705085.
12. A. A. De Laix, L. M. Krauss, and T. Vachaspati, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1968 (1997).
13. A. Vilenkin and E. P. S. Shellard, Cosmic Strings and Other Topological Defects (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994).
14. M. Axenides and L. Perivolaropoulos, Phys. Rev. D 56, 1973 (1997); A. N. Schellekens and C. Zachos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1242 (1983).
15. M. Axenides and L. Perivolaropoulos, Phys. Rev. D 56, 1973 (1997); A. N. Schellekens and C. Zachos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1242 (1983).
16. N. Turok, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 2625 (1989).
17. R. L. Davis, Phys. Rev. D 35, 3705 (1987).
18. X. L. Chen, M. Hindmarsh, M. Kamionkowski, and A. R. Liddle, Phys. Rev. D 56, 2051 (1997); C. Barnes and N. Turok, ibid. 56, 1989 (1997).
19. X. L. Chen, M. Hindmarsh, M. Kamionkowski, and A. R. Liddle, Phys. Rev. D 56, 2051 (1997); C. Barnes and N. Turok, ibid. 56, 1989 (1997).
20. P. K. Townsend, in Black Hole, Membrane, Wormholes and Superstrings, edited by S. Kalara and D. Nanopoulos (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), pp. 85-96; Phys. Lett. B 202, 53 (1988); ibid. 350, 184 (1995); hep-th/9507048; G. Horowitz and A. Strominger, Nucl. Phys. B 360, 197 (1991); J. Polchinski, hep-th/951C017; A. Strominger, hep-th/9512059.
21. P. K. Townsend, in Black Hole, Membrane, Wormholes and Superstrings, edited by S. Kalara and D. Nanopoulos (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), pp. 85-96; Phys. Lett. B 202, 53 (1988); ibid. 350, 184 (1995); hep-th/9507048; G. Horowitz and A. Strominger, Nucl. Phys. B 360, 197 (1991); J. Polchinski, hep-th/951C017; A. Strominger, hep-th/9512059.
22. P. K. Townsend, in Black Hole, Membrane, Wormholes and Superstrings, edited by S. Kalara and D. Nanopoulos (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), pp. 85-96; Phys. Lett. B 202, 53 (1988); ibid. 350, 184 (1995); hep-th/9507048; G. Horowitz and A. Strominger, Nucl. Phys. B 360, 197 (1991); J. Polchinski, hep-th/951C017; A. Strominger, hep-th/9512059.
23. P. K. Townsend, in Black Hole, Membrane, Wormholes and Superstrings, edited by S. Kalara and D. Nanopoulos (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), pp. 85-96; Phys. Lett. B 202, 53 (1988); ibid. 350, 184 (1995); hep-th/9507048; G. Horowitz and A. Strominger, Nucl. Phys. B 360, 197 (1991); J. Polchinski, hep-th/951C017; A. Strominger, hep-th/9512059.
24. P. K. Townsend, in Black Hole, Membrane, Wormholes and Superstrings, edited by S. Kalara and D. Nanopoulos (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), pp. 85-96; Phys. Lett. B 202, 53 (1988); ibid. 350, 184 (1995); hep-th/9507048; G. Horowitz and A. Strominger, Nucl. Phys. B 360, 197 (1991); J. Polchinski, hep-th/951C017; A. Strominger, hep-th/9512059.
25. P. K. Townsend, in Black Hole, Membrane, Wormholes and Superstrings, edited by S. Kalara and D. Nanopoulos (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), pp. 85-96; Phys. Lett. B 202, 53 (1988); ibid. 350, 184 (1995); hep-th/9507048; G. Horowitz and A. Strominger, Nucl. Phys. B 360, 197 (1991); J. Polchinski, hep-th/951C017; A. Strominger, hep-th/9512059.
26. J. Dai, R. Leigh, and J. Polchinski, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 4, 2073 (1989); E. Witten, hep-th/9510135; J. Polchinski and E. Witten, hep-th/9510169; M. J. Duff and J. X. Lu, Nucl. Phys. B 354, 141 (1991); Phys. Lett. B 273, 409 (1991); P. K. Townsend, hep-th/9512062.
27. J. Dai, R. Leigh, and J. Polchinski, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 4, 2073 (1989); E. Witten, hep-th/9510135; J. Polchinski and E. Witten, hep-th/9510169; M. J. Duff and J. X. Lu, Nucl. Phys. B 354, 141 (1991); Phys. Lett. B 273, 409 (1991); P. K. Townsend, hep-th/9512062.
28. J. Dai, R. Leigh, and J. Polchinski, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 4, 2073 (1989); E. Witten, hep-th/9510135; J. Polchinski and E. Witten, hep-th/9510169; M. J. Duff and J. X. Lu, Nucl. Phys. B 354, 141 (1991); Phys. Lett. B 273, 409 (1991); P. K. Townsend, hep-th/9512062.
29. J. Dai, R. Leigh, and J. Polchinski, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 4, 2073 (1989); E. Witten, hep-th/9510135; J. Polchinski and E. Witten, hep-th/9510169; M. J. Duff and J. X. Lu, Nucl. Phys. B 354, 141 (1991); Phys. Lett. B 273, 409 (1991); P. K. Townsend, hep-th/9512062.
30. J. Dai, R. Leigh, and J. Polchinski, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 4, 2073 (1989); E. Witten, hep-th/9510135; J. Polchinski and E. Witten, hep-th/9510169; M. J. Duff and J. X. Lu, Nucl. Phys. B 354, 141 (1991); Phys. Lett. B 273, 409 (1991); P. K. Townsend, hep-th/9512062.
31. J. Dai, R. Leigh, and J. Polchinski, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 4, 2073 (1989); E. Witten, hep-th/9510135; J. Polchinski and E. Witten, hep-th/9510169; M. J. Duff and J. X. Lu, Nucl. Phys. B 354, 141 (1991); Phys. Lett. B 273, 409 (1991); P. K. Townsend, hep-th/9512062.
32. M. J. Duff, R. R. Khuri, and J. X. Lu, Phys. Rep. 259, 213 (1995); A Aurilia, A. Smailagic, and E. Spallucci, Phys. Rev. D 47, 2536 (1993); C. Castro, hep-th/9906176.
33. M. J. Duff, R. R. Khuri, and J. X. Lu, Phys. Rep. 259, 213 (1995); A Aurilia, A. Smailagic, and E. Spallucci, Phys. Rev. D 47, 2536 (1993); C. Castro, hep-th/9906176.
34. M. J. Duff, R. R. Khuri, and J. X. Lu, Phys. Rep. 259, 213 (1995); A Aurilia, A. Smailagic, and E. Spallucci, Phys. Rev. D 47, 2536 (1993); C. Castro, hep-th/9906176.
35. Z. Lalak, hep-th/9702405; N. Turok and Y. Zhu, astro-ph/9612242.
36. Z. Lalak, hep-th/9702405; N. Turok and Y. Zhu, astro-ph/9612242.
37. F. Liu and G. Mazenko, Phys. Rev. B 45, 6989 (1992); 46, 5963 (1992); G. Manzenko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 401 (1997); Phys. Rev. E 59, 1574 (1999).
38. F. Liu and G. Mazenko, Phys. Rev. B 45, 6989 (1992); 46, 5963 (1992); G. Manzenko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 401 (1997); Phys. Rev. E 59, 1574 (1999).
39. F. Liu and G. Mazenko, Phys. Rev. B 45, 6989 (1992); 46, 5963 (1992); G. Manzenko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 401 (1997); Phys. Rev. E 59, 1574 (1999).
40. F. Liu and G. Mazenko, Phys. Rev. B 45, 6989 (1992); 46, 5963 (1992); G. Manzenko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 401 (1997); Phys. Rev. E 59, 1574 (1999).
41. B. I. Halperin, in Physics of Defects, edited by R. Balian et al. (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1981).
42. Y. S. Duan and X. H. Meng, J. Math. Phys. 34, 1149 (1993).
43. Y. S. Duan and X. G. Lee, Helv. Phys. Acta 68, 513 (1995).
44. Y. S. Duan, S. Li, and G. H. Yang, Nucl. Phys. B 514, 705 (1998).
45. Y. S. Duan and S. L. Zhang, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 28, 689 (1990); 29, 153 (1991); 29, 1593 (1991); 30, 153 (1992); Y. S. Duan and Z. P. Duan, ibid. 24, 531 (1986).
46. Y. S. Duan and S. L. Zhang, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 28, 689 (1990); 29, 153 (1991); 29, 1593 (1991); 30, 153 (1992); Y. S. Duan and Z. P. Duan, ibid. 24, 531 (1986).
47. Y. S. Duan and S. L. Zhang, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 28, 689 (1990); 29, 153 (1991); 29, 1593 (1991); 30, 153 (1992); Y. S. Duan and Z. P. Duan, ibid. 24, 531 (1986).
48. Y. S. Duan and S. L. Zhang, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 28, 689 (1990); 29, 153 (1991); 29, 1593 (1991); 30, 153 (1992); Y. S. Duan and Z. P. Duan, ibid. 24, 531 (1986).
49. Y. S. Duan and S. L. Zhang, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 28, 689 (1990); 29, 153 (1991); 29, 1593 (1991); 30, 153 (1992); Y. S. Duan and Z. P. Duan, ibid. 24, 531 (1986).
50. Y. S. Duan, H. Zhang, and S. Li, Phys. Rev. B 58, 125 (1998); Y. S. Duan, H. Zhang, and L. B. Fu, Phys. Rev. E 59, 528 (1999).
51. Y. S. Duan, H. Zhang, and S. Li, Phys. Rev. B 58, 125 (1998); Y. S. Duan, H. Zhang, and L. B. Fu, Phys. Rev. E 59, 528 (1999).
52. Y. S. Duan, Y. Jiang, and T. Xu, Phys. Lett. A 252, 307 (1999); "The topological structure of the vortices in the O(n) symmetric TDGL model," hep-th/9809011.
53. Y. S. Duan, Y. Jiang, and T. Xu, Phys. Lett. A 252, 307 (1999); "The topological structure of the vortices in the O(n) symmetric TDGL model," hep-th/9809011.
54. Y. S. Duan and Y. Jiang, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 563 (199); Y. S. Duan, G. H. Yang, and Y. Jiang, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 29, 715 (1997).
55. Y. S. Duan and Y. Jiang, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 563 (199); Y. S. Duan, G. H. Yang, and Y. Jiang, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 29, 715 (1997).
56. Y. S. Duan, Y. Jiang, and G. H. Yang, Chin. Phys. Lett. 15, 781 (1998); 16, 157 (1999).
57. Y. S. Duan, Y. Jiang, and G. H. Yang, Chin. Phys. Lett. 15, 781 (1998); 16, 157 (1999).
58. I. M. Gel'fand and G. E. Shilov, Generalized Functions (Academic, New York, 1964), Vol. 1; D. S. Jones, Generalized Functions (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966); E. M. De Jager, Mathematics Applied to Physics, edited by E. Roubine (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970); J. A. Schouten, Tensor Analysis for Physicists (Clarendon, Oxford, 1951).
59. I. M. Gel'fand and G. E. Shilov, Generalized Functions (Academic, New York, 1964), Vol. 1; D. S. Jones, Generalized Functions (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966); E. M. De Jager, Mathematics Applied to Physics, edited by E. Roubine (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970); J. A. Schouten, Tensor Analysis for Physicists (Clarendon, Oxford, 1951).
60. I. M. Gel'fand and G. E. Shilov, Generalized Functions (Academic, New York, 1964), Vol. 1; D. S. Jones, Generalized Functions (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966); E. M. De Jager, Mathematics Applied to Physics, edited by E. Roubine (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970); J. A. Schouten, Tensor Analysis for Physicists (Clarendon, Oxford, 1951).
61. I. M. Gel'fand and G. E. Shilov, Generalized Functions (Academic, New York, 1964), Vol. 1; D. S. Jones, Generalized Functions (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966); E. M. De Jager, Mathematics Applied to Physics, edited by E. Roubine (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1970); J. A. Schouten, Tensor Analysis for Physicists (Clarendon, Oxford, 1951).
62. É. Goursat, A Course in Mathematical Analysis, translated by Earle Raymond Hedrick (1904), Vol. I.
63. B. A. Dubrovin et al., Modern Geometry Method and Application (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985), Part II; Y. Choquet-Bruhat et al., Analysis, Manifolds and Physics (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1977).
64. B. A. Dubrovin et al., Modern Geometry Method and Application (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985), Part II; Y. Choquet-Bruhat et al., Analysis, Manifolds and Physics (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1977).
65. J. W. Milnor, Topology, From the Differential Viewpoint (The University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1965); S. Lefschetz, Introduction to Topology (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1949).
66. J. W. Milnor, Topology, From the Differential Viewpoint (The University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1965); S. Lefschetz, Introduction to Topology (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1949).
67. H. B. Nielsen and P. Olesen, Nucl. Phys. B 57, 367 (1973).
68. Y. Nambu, Lectures at the Copenhagen, Symposium (1970); P. Olrand, Nucl. Phys. B 428, 221 (1994); D. Forster, ibid. 81, 84 (1974).
69. Y. Nambu, Lectures at the Copenhagen, Symposium (1970); P. Olrand, Nucl. Phys. B 428, 221 (1994); D. Forster, ibid. 81, 84 (1974).
70. Y. Nambu, Lectures at the Copenhagen, Symposium (1970); P. Olrand, Nucl. Phys. B 428, 221 (1994); D. Forster, ibid. 81, 84 (1974).
71. Y. S. Duan, S. L. Zhang, and L. C. Jiang, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 24, 1033 (1992).
72. Y. Jiang and Y. S. Duan, J. Math. Phys. 41, 2616 (2000).
73. M. Kubiček and M. Marek, Computational Methods in Bifurcation Theory and Dissipative Structures (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983).