Another look at classic strain theory: Poverty status, perceived blocked opportunity, and gang membership as predictors of adolescent violent behavior

Sociological Inquiry

Volumn 70, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 42-60

  Vowell, Paul R ^a   May, David C ^b  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY FORT WAYNE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034343111     PISSN: 00380245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2000.tb00895.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Ball, Richard A., and G. David Curry. 1995. "The Logic of Definition in Criminology: Purposes and Methods for Defining 'Gangs.'" Criminology 33: 225-45.
2. Baron, Stephen W., and Timothy F. Hartnagel. 1997. "Attributions, Affect, and Crime: Street Youths' Reactions to Unemployment." Criminology 35: 409-34.
3. Bernard, Thomas J. 1987. "Testing Structural Strain Theories." Journal of Research and Crime 24: 252-80.
4. Bollen, Kenneth A. 1989. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. Wiley: New York.
5. Braithwaite, John. 1981. "The Myth of Social Class and Criminology Reconsidered." American Sociological Review 46:36-57.
6. Brown, Stephen E. 1985. "The Class-Delinquency Hypothesis and Juvenile Justice System Bias." Sociological Inquiry 55:212-23.
7. Burton, Velmar S., Francis T. Cullen, T. David Evans, and R. Gregory Dunaway. 1994. "Reconsidering Strain Theory: Operationalization, Rival Theories, and Adult Criminology." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 10:213-39.
8. Burton, Velmar S., and Francis T. Cullen. 1992. "The Empirical Status of Strain Theory." Journal of Crime and Justice 15:1-30.
9. Byrne, Barbara M. 1994. Structural Equations Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
10. Cernkovich, Stephen A. 1978. "Evaluating Two Models of Delinquency Causation: Structural Theory and Control Theory." Criminology 16:335-52.
11. Cernkovich, Stephen A., and Peggy C. Giordano. 1979. "Delinquency, Opportunity, and Gender." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 70:145-51.
12. Citro, Constance F., and Robert T. Michael. 1995. Measuring Poverty: A New Approach. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
13. Cohen, Albert. 1955. Delinquent Boys. New York: MacMillan.
14. Cullen, Francis T. 1984. Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory: The Emergence of a Structuring Tradition. Ottowa: Rowmana and Allanheld.
15. Curry, G. David, and Scott H. Decker. 1998. Confronting Gangs. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing Company.
16. Decker, Scott H., and Barrik Van Winkle. 1996. Life in the Gang. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17. Dukes, Richard L., Ruben O. Martinez, and Judith A. Stein. 1997. "Precursors and Consequences of Membership in Youth Gangs." Youth and Society 29:139-65.
18. Eve, Raymond A. 1978. "A Study of the Efficacy and Interactions of Several Theories for Explaining Rebelliousness Among High School Students." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 69:115-25.
19. Farnworth, Margaret, and Michael J. Leiber. 1989. "Strain Theory Revisited: Economic Goals, Educational Means, and Delinquency." American Sociological Review 54:263-74.
20. Farnworth, Margaret, Terence P. Thornberry, Marvin D. Krohn, and Alan J. Lizotte. 1994. "Measurement in the Study of Class and Delinquency: Integrating Theory and Research." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 31:32-61.
21. Hirschi, Travis. 1969. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
22. Howell, James C. 1994. Gangs: Fact Sheet #12. Washington DC.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
23. Johnson, Claire, Barbara Webster, and Edward Connors. 1995. Prosecuting Gangs: A National Assessment. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice Research in Brief, NCJ 151785.
24. Kornhauser, Ruth R. 1978. Social Sources of Delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25. Liska, Allen E. 1981. Perspectives on Deviance. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
26. McCarthy, Bill, and John Hagan. 1992. "Mean Streets: The Theoretical Significance of Situational Delinquency Among Homeless Youths." American Journal of Sociology 3:597-627.
27. Merton, Robert K. 1938. "Social Structure and Anomie." American Sociological Review 3:672-82.
28. Messner, Steven F. 1988. "Merton's 'Social Structure and Anomie': The Road Not Taken." Deviant Behavior 9:33-53.
29. Miller, Walter B. 1976. Violence by Youth Gangs and Youth Groups in Major American Cities. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Law School Center for Criminal Justice (National Criminal Justice Reference Service microfiche 034289).
30. Norusis, Marija J. 1991. The SPSS Guide to Data Analysis for SPSS\PC+ (2nd ed.) Chicago: SPSS, Inc.
31. Ray, Melvin C., and Phyllis A. Gray. 1992. Youth in Mississippi's Public Schools. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University.
32. Sheley, Joseph F., and James D. Wright. 1995. In the Line of Fire: Youth, Guns, and Violence in Urban America. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
33. Short, James F. Jr., Ramon Rivera, and Ray A. Tennyson. 1965. "Perceived Opportunities, Gang Membership, and Delinquency." American Sociological Review 30:56-67.
34. Simons, Ronald L., and Phyllis A. Gray. 1989. "Perceived Blocked Opportunity as an Explanation of Delinquency Among Lower-Class Black Males: A Research Note." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 26:90-101.
35. Simons, Ronald L., Martin G. Miller, and Stephen M. Aigner. 1980. "Contemporary Theories of Deviance and Female Delinquency: An Empirical Test." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 17:42-57.
36. Sutherland, Edwin, and Donald Cressey. 1978. Principles of Criminology (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
37. Thornberry, Terence P., and James H. Burch II. 1997. Gang Members and Delinquent Behavior. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.
38. Triplett, Ruth, and G. Roger Jarjoura. 1997. "Specifying the Gender-Class-Delinquency Relationship: Exploring the Effects of Educational Expectations." Sociological Perspectives 40:287-316.
39. Void, George B., and Thomas J. Bernard. 1986. Theoretical Criminology. New York: Oxford University Press.