The disembodied librarian in the digital age

College and Research Libraries

Volumn 61, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 10-28

  Martell, Charles ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034337902     PISSN: 00100870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5860/crl.61.1.10     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. This is the judgment of Edward O. Wilson. "In contrast to widespread opinion, I believe that the Enlightenment thinkers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries got it mostly right. The assumptions they made about a lawful material world, the intrinsic unity of knowledge, and the potential for indefinite human progress are the ones we still take most readily to heart, suffer without, and find maximally rewarding as we learn more and more about the circumstances of our lives. Edward O. Wilson, "Back from Chaos," Atlantic Monthly 281, no. 3 (Mar. 1998): 41.
2. th ed., s.v. "philosophy, the history of the west."
3. Ibid.
4. Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 1972: reprint, s.v. "positivism."
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Gary P. Radford, "Positivism, Foucault, and the Fantasia of the Library: Conceptions of Knowledge and the Modern Library Experience," Library Quarterly 62, no. 3 (Oct. 1992): 408-24; John M. Budd, "An Epistemological Foundation for Library and Information Science," Library Quarterly 65, no. 3 (July 1995): 296-318; Archie Dick, "Library and Information Science as a Social Science: Neutral and Normative Conceptions," Library Quarterly 65, no. 2 (Apr. 1995): 216-35.
8. Gary P. Radford, "Positivism, Foucault, and the Fantasia of the Library: Conceptions of Knowledge and the Modern Library Experience," Library Quarterly 62, no. 3 (Oct. 1992): 408-24; John M. Budd, "An Epistemological Foundation for Library and Information Science," Library Quarterly 65, no. 3 (July 1995): 296-318; Archie Dick, "Library and Information Science as a Social Science: Neutral and Normative Conceptions," Library Quarterly 65, no. 2 (Apr. 1995): 216-35.
9. Gary P. Radford, "Positivism, Foucault, and the Fantasia of the Library: Conceptions of Knowledge and the Modern Library Experience," Library Quarterly 62, no. 3 (Oct. 1992): 408-24; John M. Budd, "An Epistemological Foundation for Library and Information Science," Library Quarterly 65, no. 3 (July 1995): 296-318; Archie Dick, "Library and Information Science as a Social Science: Neutral and Normative Conceptions," Library Quarterly 65, no. 2 (Apr. 1995): 216-35.
10. Gary P. Radford and John M. Budd, "We Do Not Need a Philosophy of Library and Information Science - We're Not Confused Enough: A Response to Zwaldo," Library Quarterly 67, no. 3 (July 1997): 315. Online. Expanded Academic ASAP.
11. Budd, "An Epistemological Foundation for Library and Information Science," 315.
12. One exception is Jim Zwaldo's "We Don't Need a Philosophy of Library and Information Science - We're Confused Enough Already," Library Quarterly 67, no. 2 (Apr. 1997): 103-21.
13. The author assumes that the observations of Radford, Budd, and Dick address services and products, but not the ALA's Code of Professional Ethics in the areas of censorship, privacy, due process, and equality of opportunity.
14. Wilson, "Back from Chaos," 62.
15. Ibid.
16. Frederick Turner, Beyond Geography: The Western Spirit against the Wilderness (New York: Viking, 1980), 14-15.
17. Peter Hoeg, Smilla's Sense of Snow, trans. Tiina Nunnally (New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux, 1993), 189.
18. Morris Berman, Coming to Our Senses: Body and Spirit in the Hidden History of the West (New York: Bantam, 1990), 179.
19. Andrew Odlyzko, "Silicon Dreams and Silicon Bricks: The Continuing Evolution of Libraries," Library Trends 46, no. 1 (summer 1997): 154.
20. Marguerite Holloway, "A New Classic," University Business (May/June 1998): 36. Holloway writes about James J. O'Donnell and his most recent book, Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to Cyberspace (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1998).
21. Marguerite Holloway, "A New Classic," University Business (May/June 1998): 36. Holloway writes about James J. O'Donnell and his most recent book, Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to Cyberspace (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1998).
22. Odlyzko, '"Silicon Dreams and Silicon Bricks," 153.
23. Tom McArthur states that "the structuring of books ...took all of 4,000 years to bring about." Worlds of Reference: Lexicography, Learning, and Language from the Clay Tablet to the Computer (New York: Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1986), 69.
24. Richard Bode, First You Have to Row a Little Boat: Reflections on Life and Living (New York: Warner, 1993), 191.
25. George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1949), 14.
26. Zwaldo, "We Don't Need a Philosophy of Library and Information Science."
27. nd ed. (New York: Pergamon Pr., 1988), 16.
28. Two major journals have published special issues in the past four years with titles linking books, buildings, and bytes: "Books, Bricks, & Bytes," Daedalus 125, no. 4 (fall 1996); and "Buildings, Books, and Bytes: Perspectives on the Benton Foundation Report on Libraries in the Digital Age," Library Trends 46, no. 1 (summer 1997).
29. Two major journals have published special issues in the past four years with titles linking books, buildings, and bytes: "Books, Bricks, & Bytes," Daedalus 125, no. 4 (fall 1996); and "Buildings, Books, and Bytes: Perspectives on the Benton Foundation Report on Libraries in the Digital Age," Library Trends 46, no. 1 (summer 1997).
30. Excerpt from the poem "Beneath Winter's Roof," by Ekaterina Iosifova, in Clay and Star: Contemporary Bulgarian Poets, trans. and ed. Lisa Sapinkopf and Georgi Belev (Minneapolis, Minn.: Milkweed, 1992), 133.
31. Excerpt from the poem "Choruses from 'The Rock,'" by T. S. Eliot, in Collected Poems 1909-2962 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), 147.
32. Excerpt from the poem "The Mirror's Hide and Seek," by Liliana Ursu, in The Sky Behind the Forest: Selected Poems, trans. Liliana Ursu with Adam J. Sorkin and Tess Gallagher (Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe Bks., 1997), 46.
33. Jeremy Rifkin, Time Wars: The Primary Conflict in Human History (New York: Henry Holt, 1987).
34. Ibid., 69-70.
35. Robert Doisneau, Three Seconds of Eternity (New York: te Neues Pub., 1997).
36. Tracy Kidder, The Soul of the New Machine (Boston: Little Brown, 1981), 137.
37. Scott Bukatman, Terminal Identity: The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction (Durham: Duke Univ. Pr., 1993), 109.
38. Rifkin, Time Wars, 155.
39. Bukatman, Terminal Identity, 108.
40. Lance Olsen, "Virtual Termites: A Hypotextual Technomutant Explo(it)ration of William Gibson and the Electronic Beyond(s)," Style 29, no. 2 (summer 1995): 300.
41. James S. Russell, "The Way We Work," Architectural Record 186, no. 6 (June 1998): 139.
42. William Gibson, Neuromancer (New York: Berkeley, 1984), 51.
43. Larry McCaffery, "An Interview with William Gibson," Storming the Reality Studio: A Casebook of Cyberpunk and Postmodern Fiction (Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Pr., 1991), 272.
44. Marie-Laure Ryan, "Introduction: From Possible Worlds to Virtual Reality," Style 29, no. 2 (summer 1995): 178.
45. Frances Cairncross, The Death of Distance: How the Communication Revolution Will Change Our Lives (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1998).
46. Margot Lovejoy, Postmodern Currents: Arts and Artists in the Age of Electronic Media (Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI, 1989), 247-48. Thomas M. Disch extends Lovejoy's observations in his analysis of the impact of science fiction on society. The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of: How Science Fiction Conquered the World (New York: Free Pr., 1998).
47. Margot Lovejoy, Postmodern Currents: Arts and Artists in the Age of Electronic Media (Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI, 1989), 247-48. Thomas M. Disch extends Lovejoy's observations in his analysis of the impact of science fiction on society. The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of: How Science Fiction Conquered the World (New York: Free Pr., 1998).
48. William Gibson, Virtual Light (New York: Bantam Bks., 1993); -, Idoru (New York: Putnam, 1996).
49. William Gibson, Virtual Light (New York: Bantam Bks., 1993); -, Idoru (New York: Putnam, 1996).
50. Bukatman, Terminal Identity, 108.
51. Ibid., 156.
52. Disch, The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of.
53. Ronald Schmitt, "Mythology and Technology: The Novels of William Gibson," Extrapolation 34, no. 1 (spring 1993): 75-76.
54. Edward S. Casey, "Smooth Spaces and Rough-Edged Places: The Hidden History of Place," Review of Metaphysics 51, no. 2 (Dec. 1997): 287.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid., 293.
57. Ibid., 292.
58. Encyclopedia of Philosophy, s.v. "positivism."
59. Bukatman, Terminal Identity, 250.
60. Ibid.
61. Silvio Gaggi, From Text to Hypertext: Decentering the Subject in Fiction, Film, the Visual Arts, and Electronic Media (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr., 1997), 115. See also the special issue of Modern Fiction Studies 43, no. 3 (fall 1997) on the subject of "Technocriticism and Hypernarrative."
62. Silvio Gaggi, From Text to Hypertext: Decentering the Subject in Fiction, Film, the Visual Arts, and Electronic Media (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr., 1997), 115. See also the special issue of Modern Fiction Studies 43, no. 3 (fall 1997) on the subject of "Technocriticism and Hypernarrative."
63. Bukatman, Terminal Identity, 208.
64. Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Pr., 1991), 44.
65. Sherry Turkle, Psychoanalytic Politics: Freud's French Revolution (New York: Basic Bks., 1977), 139.
66. Vivian Sobchack, "The Scene on the Screen: Towards a Phenomenology of Cinematic and Electronic Presence," Post-Script 10 (1990): 56.
67. Steven D. Spark, Glued to the Set : The 60 Television Shows and Events That Made Us Who We Are Today (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997).
68. Sherry Turkle, Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 20.
69. Freeman Dyson, Infinite in All Directions (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 9. Gifford Lectures given at Aberdeen, Scotland, Apr.-Nov. 1985.
70. Freeman Dyson, Infinite in All Directions (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 9. Gifford Lectures given at Aberdeen, Scotland, Apr.-Nov. 1985.
71. Bukatman, Terminal Identity, 270.
72. Lisa Mason, Arachne (New York: Morrow, 1990), 70-71.
73. Hans Moravec, "Pigs in Cyberspace," Thinking Robots, an Aware Internet, and Cyberpunk Librarians, ed. R. Bruce Miller and Milton T. Wolf (Chicago: ALA, 1992), 15.
74. Berman, Coming to Our Senses, 109.
75. Wilson, "Back from Chaos," 62.
76. Jack G. Voller, "Neuromanticism: Cyberspace and the Sublime," Extrapolation 34, no. 1 (spring 1993): 22.
77. Vaclav Havel, "The Need for Transcendence in the Postmodern World" (speech given at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 4 July 1994).
78. Turkle, Psychoanalytic Politics, 41.
79. Berman, Coming to Our Senses, 79-80.
80. Thomas M. Disch, "Double Talk, Double Dutch, Dutch Chocolate," Hudson Review 51, no. 1 (spring 1998): 233.
81. Mohamed Zayani, "Review Essay: The Deterritorialization of Capitalism in an Age of Punctuated Equilibrium: Globalism, Tribalism, and Other Related Matters," Studies in the Humanities 24, nos. 1-2 (June-Dec. 1997): 101.
82. Jean Baudrillard, Simulations, trans. Paul Foss, Paul Patton, and Philip Beitchman, Foreign Agents Series, ed. Jim Fleming and Sylvere Lotringer (New York: Semiotext[e], 1983), 11-12.
83. Guy Debord, Society of the Spectacle (Detroit: Black & Red, 1983).
84. Jean Baudrillard, In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities, trans. Paul Foss, Paul Payton, and John Johnston, Foreign Agents Series, ed. Jim Fleming and Sylvere Lotringer (New York: Semiotext[e], 1983), 101.
85. Spark, Glued to the Set, 4.
86. Baudrillard, In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities, 21.
87. Michael Oreskes, "America's Politics Loses Way as Its Vision Changes World," New York Times, 18 Mar. 1990, 22.
88. Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (New York: Bantam Bks., 1971), 161.
89. Turkle, Life on the Screen, 10.
90. Ibid., 11.
91. Ibid., 14.
92. Ibid., 45.
93. Gary Taubes, "Surgery in Cyberspace," Discover 15, no. 12 (Dec. 1994): 86.
94. Ibid., 85.
95. Michael Dertouzos, What Will Be: How the New World of Information Will Change Our Lives (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1998), 165.
96. Ibid., 172-74.
97. Ibid., 94.
98. Bruce Sterling, "War Is Virtual Hell," Wired 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1994): 46.
99. Ibid.
100. James Der Derian, "Cyber-Deterrence," Wired 2, no. 9 (Sept. 1994). 6 pp. Online. Internet. 7 July 1998. Available: http://www.ucet.ufl.edu/~bruegg/cyber.deter.html.
101. Ibid., 5.
102. Ibid., 5.
103. Michael Heim, The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality (New York: Oxford Univ. Pr., 1993), xiii.
104. nd ed. rev. (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr., 1972), 151.
105. Bruce Mazlish, "The Fourth Discontinuity," in Technology and Culture, ed. Melvin Kranzberg and William Davenport (New York: Schocken Bks., 1972), 217-18.
106. Ibid. Quote by Sigmund Freud is from his eighteenth lecture in The Complete Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, trans. James Strachey (New York: Norton, 1966), 284-85.
107. Ibid.
108. Rifkin, Time Wars, 119.
109. Robert Markley, "Boundaries: Mathematics, Alienation, and the Metaphysics of Cyberspace," Configurations 2 (fall 1994): 488.
110. Dyson, Infinite in All Directions, 56.
111. Turkle, Life on the Screen, 17.
112. Julian Dibbell, "Rape in Cyberspace," Village Voice, 21Dec. 1993, 38.
113. Harold Goldberg, review of Cyberville: Clicks, Culture, and the Creation of an Online Town, by Stacy Horn, New York Times Book Review, 15 Feb. 1998, 13.
114. Bukatman, Terminal Identity, 71.
115. Ibid., 22.
116. Donna Haraway, "Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century," in Donna Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York: Routledge, 1991), 149-81.
117. Ibid., 150.
118. Hari Kunzru, "You Are Borg," Wired 5, no. 2 (Feb. 1997): 156.
119. Ibid., 157.
120. Ibid., 209.
121. Ibid., 157.
122. Viviane Casimir, "Data and Dick's Deckard: Cyborg as Problematic Signifier," Extrapolation 38, no. 4 (winter 1997): 278.
123. Bukatman, Terminal Identity, 6-7.
124. David Tomas, "Old Rituals for New Space: 'Rites of Passage' and William Gibson's Cultural Model of Cyberspace," in Cyberspace: First Steps, ed. Michael Benedikt (Cambridge: MIT Pr., 1991), 33.
125. Dyson, Infinite in All Directions, 9.
126. Julian Dibbell, "Viruses Are Good for You," Wired 3, no. 2 (Feb. 1995). 15 pp. Online. Internet. 7 July 1998. Available: http://www.ucet.ufl.edu/~bruegg/viruses.html, 1.
127. Ibid.
128. Dyson, Infinite in All Directions, 69; citing Lynn Margulis, Symbiosis in Cell Evolution.
129. Dyson, Infinite in All Directions, 69; citing Lynn Margulis, Symbiosis in Cell Evolution.
130. Dibbell, "Viruses Are Good for You," 7.
131. Ibid.
132. Ibid., 8.
133. Ibid., 8.
134. Ibid., 10.
135. Ibid., 13.