메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 171-197

Race, sport, and crime: The misrepresentation of African Americans in team sports and crime

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0034337285     PISSN: 07411235     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/ssj.17.2.171     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (114)
  • 5
    • 0030306665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition, legitimation, and the regulation of intercollegiate athletes
    • Baxter, V., Margavio, A., & Charles, L. (1996). Competition, legitimation, and the regulation of intercollegiate athletes. Sociology of Sport Journal, 13, 51-64.
    • (1996) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.13 , pp. 51-64
    • Baxter, V.1    Margavio, A.2    Charles, L.3
  • 7
    • 85037776135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Felons don't belong in the N.F.L
    • November 4
    • Benedict, J. (1998b, November 4). Felons don't belong in the N.F.L. New York Times, p. A27.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Benedict, J.1
  • 9
    • 85037778880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colleges protect athletes, not students
    • December 7
    • Benedict, J.R. (1996, December 7). Colleges protect athletes, not students. New York Times, p. A27.
    • (1996) New York Times
    • Benedict, J.R.1
  • 13
    • 0030306666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hockey violence: A test of cultural spillover theory
    • Bloom, G.A. & Smith, M.D. (1996). Hockey violence: A test of cultural spillover theory. Sociology of Sport Journal, 13, 65-77.
    • (1996) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.13 , pp. 65-77
    • Bloom, G.A.1    Smith, M.D.2
  • 14
    • 0001871627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amerikka's most hated
    • June 11
    • Boyd, T. (1999, June 11). Amerikka's most hated. Sportsjones [On-line]. Available: http://www.sportsjones.com.
    • (1999) Sportsjones
    • Boyd, T.1
  • 15
    • 84976933714 scopus 로고
    • Race, crime and criminal justice
    • Chilton, R., & Galvin, J. (1985). Race, crime and criminal justice. Crime and Delinquency, 31, 3-14.
    • (1985) Crime and Delinquency , vol.31 , pp. 3-14
    • Chilton, R.1    Galvin, J.2
  • 17
    • 0001712891 scopus 로고
    • Reflections of a typologic, corporate, comparative criminologist
    • Clinard, M.B. (1989). Reflections of a typologic, corporate, comparative criminologist. The Criminologist, 14, 1, 6, 11, 14-15.
    • (1989) The Criminologist , vol.14 , pp. 1
    • Clinard, M.B.1
  • 18
    • 84965372412 scopus 로고
    • Visualizing deviance in post-Reagan America: Magic Johnson, AIDS, and the promiscuous world of professional sport
    • Cole, C.L. & Denny III, H. (1994). Visualizing deviance in post-Reagan America: Magic Johnson, AIDS, and the promiscuous world of professional sport. Critical Sociology, 20, 123-147.
    • (1994) Critical Sociology , vol.20 , pp. 123-147
    • Cole, C.L.1    Denny H. III2
  • 19
    • 84970428009 scopus 로고
    • Male student-athletes reported for sexual assault: A survey of campus police departments and judicial affairs offices
    • Crosset, T.W., Benedict, J.R., & McDonald, M.A. (1995). Male student-athletes reported for sexual assault: A survey of campus police departments and judicial affairs offices. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 126-40.
    • (1995) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.19 , pp. 126-140
    • Crosset, T.W.1    Benedict, J.R.2    McDonald, M.A.3
  • 21
    • 47949125421 scopus 로고
    • Fraternal bonding in the locker room: A profeminist analysis of talk about competition and women
    • Curry, T.J. (1991). Fraternal bonding in the locker room: A profeminist analysis of talk about competition and women. Sociology of Sport Journal, 8, 119-135.
    • (1991) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.8 , pp. 119-135
    • Curry, T.J.1
  • 23
    • 0001710509 scopus 로고
    • Intercollegiate athletics: Competing models and conflicting realities
    • Davis, T. (1994). Intercollegiate athletics: Competing models and conflicting realities. Rutgers Law Journal, 25, 269-327.
    • (1994) Rutgers Law Journal , vol.25 , pp. 269-327
    • Davis, T.1
  • 24
    • 0001965846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American athletes: Marginalizing the NCAA regulatory structure
    • Davis, T. (1996). African American athletes: Marginalizing the NCAA regulatory structure. Marquette Sports Law Journal, 6, 199-227.
    • (1996) Marquette Sports Law Journal , vol.6 , pp. 199-227
    • Davis, T.1
  • 25
    • 0002134312 scopus 로고
    • Trouble in Lakewood
    • July 26
    • Didion, J. (1993, July 26). Trouble in Lakewood. The New Yorker, pp. 46-65.
    • (1993) The New Yorker , pp. 46-65
    • Didion, J.1
  • 26
    • 0001734379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body-bag journalism
    • Douglas, S. (1997). Body-bag journalism. The Progressive, 61, 19.
    • (1997) The Progressive , vol.61 , pp. 19
    • Douglas, S.1
  • 28
    • 85037749847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Busy year in sports crime
    • February 2
    • Farrey, T. (1999, February 2). Busy year in sports crime. ESPN SportsZone (On-line). Available: http://espn.go.com.
    • (1999) ESPN SportsZone (On-line)
    • Farrey, T.1
  • 29
    • 85037763017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The violent side of Tito Wooten: Giants star's history of assault arrests hasn't halted his lucrative career
    • February 27
    • Freeman, M., & Strunsky, S. (1998, February 27). The violent side of Tito Wooten: Giants star's history of assault arrests hasn't halted his lucrative career. New York Times, pp. C19-20.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Freeman, M.1    Strunsky, S.2
  • 30
    • 84965470267 scopus 로고
    • Deviance of organizational subunits: The case of college athletic departments
    • Frey, J.H. (1994). Deviance of organizational subunits: The case of college athletic departments. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18, 110-122.
    • (1994) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.18 , pp. 110-122
    • Frey, J.H.1
  • 31
    • 0004266672 scopus 로고
    • Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press
    • Hagan, J. (1994). Crime and disrepute. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
    • (1994) Crime and Disrepute
    • Hagan, J.1
  • 32
    • 84925975357 scopus 로고
    • Race, class and the perception of criminal injustice in America
    • Hagan, J., & Albonetti, C. (1982). Race, class and the perception of criminal injustice in America. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 329-55.
    • (1982) American Journal of Sociology , vol.88 , pp. 329-355
    • Hagan, J.1    Albonetti, C.2
  • 33
    • 0001712031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's going on?
    • February 14
    • Herbert, B. (1999, February 14). What's going on? New York Times, p. D13.
    • (1999) New York Times
    • Herbert, B.1
  • 34
    • 84925912386 scopus 로고
    • Race and involvement in common law personal crimes
    • Hindelang, M. (1978). Race and involvement in common law personal crimes. American Sociological Review, 43, 93-109.
    • (1978) American Sociological Review , vol.43 , pp. 93-109
    • Hindelang, M.1
  • 36
    • 84928833206 scopus 로고
    • Positive deviance among athletes: The implications of overconformity to the sport ethic
    • Hughes, R., & Coakley, J. (1991). Positive deviance among athletes: The implications of overconformity to the sport ethic. Sociology of Sport Journal, 8, 307-325.
    • (1991) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.8 , pp. 307-325
    • Hughes, R.1    Coakley, J.2
  • 38
    • 84970437529 scopus 로고
    • Black radio's role in sports promotion: Sports, scholarships, and sponsorship
    • Johnson, P. (1995). Black radio's role in sports promotion: Sports, scholarships, and sponsorship. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 397-414.
    • (1995) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.19 , pp. 397-414
    • Johnson, P.1
  • 40
    • 85050412223 scopus 로고
    • Sexual violence and the reproduction of male power in the locker room: The "Lisa Olson incident."
    • Kane, M.J., & L.J. Disch. (1993). Sexual violence and the reproduction of male power in the locker room: The "Lisa Olson incident." Sociology of Sport Journal. 10, 331-352.
    • (1993) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.10 , pp. 331-352
    • Kane, M.J.1    Disch, L.J.2
  • 41
    • 84937299599 scopus 로고
    • Tender machos: Masculine contrasts in the Mexican Baseball League
    • Klein, A. (1995). Tender machos: Masculine contrasts in the Mexican Baseball League. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12, 370-388.
    • (1995) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.12 , pp. 370-388
    • Klein, A.1
  • 42
    • 85044881705 scopus 로고
    • The unequal opportunity for equal ability hypothesis: Racism in the National Football League
    • Kooistra, P., Mahoney, J.S., & Bridges, L. (1993). The unequal opportunity for equal ability hypothesis: Racism in the National Football League. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10, 241-255.
    • (1993) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.10 , pp. 241-255
    • Kooistra, P.1    Mahoney, J.S.2    Bridges, L.3
  • 43
    • 85050841947 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of sexual aggression by alcohol use, athletic participation and fraternity affiliation
    • Koss, M., & Gaines, J. (1993). The prediction of sexual aggression by alcohol use, athletic participation and fraternity affiliation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8, 94-108.
    • (1993) Journal of Interpersonal Violence , vol.8 , pp. 94-108
    • Koss, M.1    Gaines, J.2
  • 45
    • 84937293788 scopus 로고
    • Race and college sport: A long way to go
    • Lapchick, R.E. (1995). Race and college sport: A long way to go. Race and Class, 36, 87-94.
    • (1995) Race and Class , vol.36 , pp. 87-94
    • Lapchick, R.E.1
  • 48
    • 0001949837 scopus 로고
    • The state actor doctrine and the NCAA: The NCAA is off the court
    • Lind, N.S. (1993). The state actor doctrine and the NCAA: The NCAA is off the court. The Social Science Journal, 30, 243-252.
    • (1993) The Social Science Journal , vol.30 , pp. 243-252
    • Lind, N.S.1
  • 50
    • 85037757124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias death altered lives
    • June 19
    • Markus, D. (1996, June 19). Bias death altered lives. Baltimore Sun, p. 46.
    • (1996) Baltimore Sun , pp. 46
    • Markus, D.1
  • 51
    • 84970441409 scopus 로고
    • Sexual harassment and athletes: Legal and policy implications for athletic departments
    • Masteralexis, L.P. (1995). Sexual harassment and athletes: Legal and policy implications for athletic departments. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 141-156.
    • (1995) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.19 , pp. 141-156
    • Masteralexis, L.P.1
  • 54
    • 84930560428 scopus 로고
    • Giving violence a sporting chance: A review of measures used to curb excessive violence in professional sports
    • Melnik, K. (1990). Giving violence a sporting chance: A review of measures used to curb excessive violence in professional sports. Journal of Legislation, 17, 123-134.
    • (1990) Journal of Legislation , vol.17 , pp. 123-134
    • Melnik, K.1
  • 57
    • 84959803722 scopus 로고
    • The Thomas theorem and the Matthew effect
    • Merton, R.K. (1995). The Thomas Theorem and the Matthew Effect. Social Forces, 74, 379-422.
    • (1995) Social Forces , vol.74 , pp. 379-422
    • Merton, R.K.1
  • 59
    • 84933486880 scopus 로고
    • When bodies are weapons
    • Messner, M.A. (1992). When bodies are weapons. Peace Review, 4, 28-31.
    • (1992) Peace Review , vol.4 , pp. 28-31
    • Messner, M.A.1
  • 60
    • 85044810693 scopus 로고
    • Outside the frame: Newspaper coverage of the Sugar Ray Leonard wife abuse story
    • Messner, M.A., & Solomon, W.S. (1993). Outside the frame: Newspaper coverage of the Sugar Ray Leonard wife abuse story. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10, 119-134.
    • (1993) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.10 , pp. 119-134
    • Messner, M.A.1    Solomon, W.S.2
  • 62
    • 0003840844 scopus 로고
    • Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
    • National Research Council. (1989). A common destiny: Blacks and American society. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
    • (1989) A Common Destiny: Blacks and American Society
  • 65
    • 85037759600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five players are suspended for Yankees-Orioles brawl
    • May 21
    • Olney, B. (1998, May 21). Five players are suspended for Yankees-Orioles brawl. New York Times, pp. A1, C22.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Olney, B.1
  • 69
    • 84973806705 scopus 로고
    • Performance sport: Education in fair play? (Some empirical and theoretical remarks)
    • Pilz, G.A. (1995). Performance sport: Education in fair play? (Some empirical and theoretical remarks). International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30, 391-418.
    • (1995) International Review for the Sociology of Sport , vol.30 , pp. 391-418
    • Pilz, G.A.1
  • 70
    • 0004185307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • November 3
    • Prison for ex-basketball star. (1998, November 3). New York Times, p. A27.
    • (1998) New York Times
  • 71
    • 84937301123 scopus 로고
    • A reexamination of salary discrimination in major league baseball by race/ethnicity
    • Purdy, D.A., Leonard II, W.M., & Eitzen, D.S. (1994). A reexamination of salary discrimination in major league baseball by race/ethnicity. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11, 60-69.
    • (1994) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.11 , pp. 60-69
    • Purdy, D.A.1    Leonard W.M. II2    Eitzen, D.S.3
  • 72
    • 0010288561 scopus 로고
    • Organization and environment: A perspective on the municipal police
    • D. Bordua (Ed.). New York: Wiley
    • Reiss, A.J., & Bordua, D. 1967. Organization and environment: A perspective on the municipal police. In D. Bordua (Ed.), The police: Six sociological essays. New York: Wiley.
    • (1967) The Police: Six Sociological Essays
    • Reiss, A.J.1    Bordua, D.2
  • 73
    • 85037770715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After the apologies, the humiliation remains
    • November 21
    • Rhoden, W.C. (1998, November 21). After the apologies, the humiliation remains. New York Times, pp. B15, B18.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Rhoden, W.C.1
  • 74
    • 85037754198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both sides in N.B.A. lockout say race complicates talks
    • December 16
    • Roberts, S., & Wise, M. (1998, December 16). Both sides in N.B.A. lockout say race complicates talks. New York Times, pp. A1, C30.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Roberts, S.1    Wise, M.2
  • 75
    • 84937311081 scopus 로고
    • Accommodating bodies: Celebrity, sexuality, and tragic magic
    • Rowe, D. (1994). Accommodating bodies: Celebrity, sexuality, and tragic Magic. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18, 6-26.
    • (1994) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.18 , pp. 6-26
    • Rowe, D.1
  • 77
    • 85055295935 scopus 로고
    • Structural variations on juvenile court processing: Inequality, the underclass and social control
    • Sampson, R., & Laub, J. (1993). Structural variations on juvenile court processing: Inequality, the underclass and social control. Law and Society Review, 27, 285-312.
    • (1993) Law and Society Review , vol.27 , pp. 285-312
    • Sampson, R.1    Laub, J.2
  • 79
    • 0002387331 scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of race, crime and urban inequality
    • J. Hagan & R. Petersen (Eds.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
    • Sampson, R.J., & Wilson, W.J. (1995). Toward a theory of race, crime and urban inequality. In J. Hagan & R. Petersen (Eds.), Crime and inequality (pp. 37-54). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    • (1995) Crime and Inequality , pp. 37-54
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Wilson, W.J.2
  • 80
    • 0001734383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of Jeff Benedict's Public heroes, private felons: Athletes and crimes against women
    • Schwartz, M. (1998). Review of Jeff Benedict's Public heroes, private felons: Athletes and crimes against women. pp. 244-249 in Violence against women 4.
    • (1998) Violence Against Women , vol.4 , pp. 244-249
    • Schwartz, M.1
  • 81
    • 0000186687 scopus 로고
    • Race prejudice in the administration of justice
    • Sellin, T. (1935). Race prejudice in the administration of justice. American Journal of Sociology, 41, 312-17.
    • (1935) American Journal of Sociology , vol.41 , pp. 312-317
    • Sellin, T.1
  • 83
    • 0001712896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On crime, criminals and criminologists
    • R.D. Crutchfield, G.S. Bridges, & J.G. Weis (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press
    • Short, J.F. (1996). On crime, criminals and criminologists. In R.D. Crutchfield, G.S. Bridges, & J.G. Weis (Eds.), Crime, vol. 1 (pp. xxiii-xxv). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
    • (1996) Crime , vol.1
    • Short, J.F.1
  • 85
    • 84925932175 scopus 로고
    • Street level justice: Situational determinants of police arrest decisions
    • Smith, D., & Vishner, C. (1982). Street level justice: Situational determinants of police arrest decisions. Social Problems, 29, 167-77.
    • (1982) Social Problems , vol.29 , pp. 167-177
    • Smith, D.1    Vishner, C.2
  • 86
    • 84970437516 scopus 로고
    • Hope via basketball: The ticket out of the ghetto?
    • Smith, E. (1995). Hope via basketball: The ticket out of the ghetto? Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 312-17.
    • (1995) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.19 , pp. 312-317
    • Smith, E.1
  • 87
    • 85037756508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter to the editor, response to Jeffrey Benedict's op-ed "colleges protect athletes, not students."
    • January 1
    • Smith, E. (1997, January 1). Letter to the editor, response to Jeffrey Benedict's op-ed "colleges protect athletes, not students." New York Times, p. A30.
    • (1997) New York Times
    • Smith, E.1
  • 88
    • 0001841684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race matters in the National Association
    • Smith, E. (1999). Race matters in the National Association. Marquette Sports Law Journal, 9, 239-252.
    • (1999) Marquette Sports Law Journal , vol.9 , pp. 239-252
    • Smith, E.1
  • 90
    • 84970302293 scopus 로고
    • Race, position and salary equity on professional baseball
    • Smith, E., & Seff, M.A. (1989). Race, position and salary equity on professional baseball. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 13, 92-110.
    • (1989) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.13 , pp. 92-110
    • Smith, E.1    Seff, M.A.2
  • 91
    • 85037755225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Richie Parker story
    • June 24
    • Smith, G. (1996, June 24). The Richie Parker story. Sports Illustrated, pp. 68-82.
    • (1996) Sports Illustrated , pp. 68-82
    • Smith, G.1
  • 92
    • 84937317636 scopus 로고
    • Interpretations and explanations of deviance among college athletes: A case study
    • Snyder, E.E. (1994). Interpretations and explanations of deviance among college athletes: A case study. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11, 231-248.
    • (1994) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.11 , pp. 231-248
    • Snyder, E.E.1
  • 93
    • 0001959722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A racial divide widens on network TV
    • December 29
    • Sterngold, J. (1998, December 29). A racial divide widens on network TV. New York Times, pp. A1, A12.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Sterngold, J.1
  • 94
    • 0002930980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, crime, and the administration of justice: A summary of the available facts
    • Stone, C. (1999). Race, crime, and the administration of justice: A summary of the available facts. National Institute of Justice Journal, January, 26-32.
    • (1999) National Institute of Justice Journal , vol.JANUARY , pp. 26-32
    • Stone, C.1
  • 95
    • 0001824926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The man who counts the killings
    • Stossel, S. (1997). The man who counts the killings. The Atlantic Monthly, 279, 86-104.
    • (1997) The Atlantic Monthly , vol.279 , pp. 86-104
    • Stossel, S.1
  • 96
    • 84963255340 scopus 로고
    • Commentary and viewer perception of player hostility: Adding punch to televised sports
    • Sullivan, D.B. (1991). Commentary and viewer perception of player hostility: Adding punch to televised sports. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 35, 487-504.
    • (1991) Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , vol.35 , pp. 487-504
    • Sullivan, D.B.1
  • 97
    • 0001959724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth appeal: Advertising and youth; Advertising - Cigarettes; Advertising - Alcoholic beverages
    • Sullum, J. (1997). Youth appeal: Advertising and youth; Advertising - cigarettes; Advertising - alcoholic beverages. Reason, 29, 49.
    • (1997) Reason , vol.29 , pp. 49
    • Sullum, J.1
  • 98
    • 35348898108 scopus 로고
    • A theory of deference exchange in police civilian encounters
    • Sykes, R., & Clark, J. (1975). A theory of deference exchange in police civilian encounters. American Journal of Sociology, 81, 584-600.
    • (1975) American Journal of Sociology , vol.81 , pp. 584-600
    • Sykes, R.1    Clark, J.2
  • 99
    • 0001805896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "No comment" section
    • The Progressive. (1996). "No comment" section, The Progressive, 60, 12.
    • (1996) The Progressive , vol.60 , pp. 12
  • 102
    • 85037758655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No message. No statement. The right thing on Sprewell
    • December 5
    • Vecsey, G. (1997, December 5). No message. No statement. The right thing on Sprewell. New York Times, p. C27.
    • (1997) New York Times
    • Vecsey, G.1
  • 103
    • 85037780226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Football stars are accused
    • January 5
    • Verhovek, S.H. (1997, January 5). Football stars are accused. New York Times, p. E3.
    • (1997) New York Times
    • Verhovek, S.H.1
  • 105
    • 21844504590 scopus 로고
    • The pugilistic point of view: How boxers thinks and feel about their trade
    • Wacquant, L.J.D. (1995). The pugilistic point of view: How boxers thinks and feel about their trade. Theory and Society, 24, 489-535.
    • (1995) Theory and Society , vol.24 , pp. 489-535
    • Wacquant, L.J.D.1
  • 106
    • 0020456509 scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of public beliefs about crime
    • Warr, M. (1983). The accuracy of public beliefs about crime. Criminology, 20, 185-204.
    • (1983) Criminology , vol.20 , pp. 185-204
    • Warr, M.1
  • 108
    • 84977231386 scopus 로고
    • Special treatment for athletes bites back
    • Wenner, L.A. (1995a). Special treatment for athletes bites back. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 331-334.
    • (1995) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.19 , pp. 331-334
    • Wenner, L.A.1
  • 109
    • 84977233794 scopus 로고
    • The good, bad, and the ugly: Race, sport, and the public eye."
    • Wenner, L.A. (1995b). The good, bad, and the ugly: Race, sport, and the public eye." Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 227-231.
    • (1995) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.19 , pp. 227-231
    • Wenner, L.A.1
  • 110
    • 0001710527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial profiling: A matter of instinct, conditioning and fact
    • Williams, A. (1999). Racial profiling: A matter of instinct, conditioning and fact. Amsterdam News, 20, 8.
    • (1999) Amsterdam News , vol.20 , pp. 8
    • Williams, A.1
  • 111
    • 85037772869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Player suspended for year by N.B.A.: League says attack on coach was intolerable behavior
    • December 5
    • Wise, M. (1997, December 5). Player suspended for year by N.B.A.: League says attack on coach was intolerable behavior. New York Times, pp. A1, C29.
    • (1997) New York Times
    • Wise, M.1
  • 112
    • 85037761397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N.B.A. star who choked coach wins reinstatment of contract
    • March 5
    • Wise, M. (1998, March 5). N.B.A. star who choked coach wins reinstatment of contract. New York Times, pp. A1, C24.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Wise, M.1
  • 114
    • 4243788564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reno and top drug official urge smaller gap in cocaine sentences
    • July 22
    • Wren, C.S. (1997, July 22). Reno and top drug official urge smaller gap in cocaine sentences. New York Times, pp. A1, A4.
    • (1997) New York Times
    • Wren, C.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.