Evaluation of Epidural Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia in Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science

Volumn 39, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 33-38

  Sladky, Kurt K ^a,b   Horne, William A ^a   Goodrowe, Karen L ^c   Stoskopf, Michael K ^a   Loomis, Michael R ^a,b   Harms, Craig A ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b North Carolina Zoological Park   (United States)

^c Reproductive Physiology   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE; MORPHINE; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; EPIDURAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; EVALUATION; FECES; FEMALE; FERRET; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN;

ANALGESICS, OPIOID; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; FECES; FEMALE; FERRETS; HYDROCORTISONE; INJECTIONS, EPIDURAL; MORPHINE; PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE;

EID: 0034332569     PISSN: 10600558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Hardie, E. M., B. D. Hansen, G. S. Carroll, et al. 1997. Behavior after ovariohysterectomy in the dog: what's normal? Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 51:111-128.
2. Hansen, B. D., E. M. Hardie, G. S. Carroll, et al. 1997. Physiological measurements after ovariohysterectomy in dogs: what's normal? Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 51:101-109.
3. Buback, J. L., H. W. Boothe, G. L. Carroll, et al. 1996. Comparison of three methods for relief of pain after ear canal ablation in dogs. Vet. Surg. 25:380-385.
4. Holton, L. L., E. M. Scott, A. M. Nolan, et al. 1998. Comparison of three methods for assessment of pain in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 212:61-66.
5. Pibarot, P., J. Dupuis, E. Grisneaux, et al. 1997. Comparison of ketoprofen, oxymorphone hydrochloride, and butorphanol in the treatment of postoperative pain in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 211:438-443.
6. Vesal, N., P. H. Cribb, M. Frketic, et al. 1996. Postoperative analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects in dogs of oxymorphone, administered epidurally, and intramuscularly, and medetomidine administered epidurally: a comparative clinical study. Vet. Anesth. 25:361-369.
7. Fox, S. M., D. J. Mellor, E. C. Firth, et al. 1994. Changes in plasma cortisol concentrations before, during, and after analgesia, anesthesia, and anesthesia plus ovariohysterectomy in bitches. Res. Vet. Sci. 57:110-118.
8. Hendrix, P. K., M. R. Raffe, E. P. Robinson, et al. 1996. Epidural administration of bupivacaine, morphine, or their combination for postoperative analgesia in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 209:598-607.
9. 2-adrenergic analgesia in sheep, p. 277-280. In C. Short and A. Poznak (ed.), Animal pain. Churchill Livingstone Co., New York.
10. Dodman, N. H., H. Levine, M. H. Court, et al. 1992. Clinical assessment of analgesic effects of butorphanol in cattle, p. 396-399. In C. Short and A. Poznak (ed.), Animal pain. Churchill Livingstone Co., New York.
11. Hansen, B. 1997. Through a glass darkly: Using behavior to assess pain. Sem. Vet. Med. Surg. 12:61-74.
12. Bateson, P. 1991. Assessment of pain in animals. Anim. Behav. 42:827-839.
13. Morton, D. B., and P. H. M. Griffiths. 1985. Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress, and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment. Vet. Rec. 116:431-436.
14. Rewal, N., U. Sjostrand, B. Dahlstrom, et al. 1981. Postoperative pain relief by epidural morphine. Anesth. Analges. 60:726-731.
15. Keefe, F. J., R. B. Fillingim, D. A. Williams, et al. 1991. Behavioral assessment of pain: nonverbal measures in animals and humans. ILAR News 33:3-13.
16. Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., K. D. Craig, R. E. Grunau, et al. 1997. Judging pain in infants: behavioural, contextual, and developmental determinants. Pain 73:319-324.
17. Kyles, A. E., E. M. Hardie, B. D. Hansen, et al. 1998. Comparison of transdermal fentanyl and intramuscular oxymorphone on post-operative behaviour after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Res. Vet. Sci. 65:245-251.
18. Hellyer, P. W. 1999. Minimizing postoperative discomfort in dogs and cats. Vet. Med. 94(3):259-266.
19. Behar, M., D. Olshwang, F. Magora, et al. 1979. Epidural morphine in treatment of pain. Lancet 1:527-528.
20. Raffe, M. R. 1992. Animal models for the evaluation of analgesic agents, p. 453-458. In C. Short and A. Poznak (ed.), Animal pain. Churchill Livingstone Co., New York.
21. Cousins, M. J., and L.E. Mather. 1984. Intrathecal and epidural administration of opioids. Anesthesiology 61:276-310.
22. Dodman, N. H., G. H. Clark, M. H. Court, et al. 1992. Epidural opioid administration for postoperative pain relief in the dog, p. 274-277. In C. Short and A. Poznak (ed.), Animal pain. Churchill Livingstone Co., New York.
23. Fries, C. L. 1993. Assessment and preparation of the surgical patient, p. 137-153. InD. Slatter (ed.), Textbook of small animal surgery, volume 1, 2nd edition. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
24. Mullen, H. 1997. Soft tissue surgery, p. 131-144. In E. V. Hillyer and K. E. Quesenberry (ed.), Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents: Clinical medicine and surgery. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
25. Bellem, A. C., Monfort, S. L., and K. L. Goodrowe. 1995. Monitoring reproductive development, menstrual cyclicity, and pregnancy in the lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) by enzyme immunoassay. J. Zoo Wildlife Med. 26:24-31.
26. SAS Institute, Inc. 1998. SAS Statview Reference Guide, version 5.0.1 (for MacIntosh and Windows), p. 120-126. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
27. Hendrickson, D. A., K. T. Kruse-Elliott, R. V. Broadstone, et al. 1996. A comparison of epidural saline, morphine, and bupivacaine for pain relief after abdominal surgery in goats. Vet. Surg. 25:83-87.
28. Liu, S., R. L. Carpenter, J. M. Neal, et al. 1995. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Anesthesiology 82:1474-1506.
29. Brown, S. 1997. Basic anatomy, physiology, and husbandry, p. 3-13. In E. V. Hillyer and K. E. Quesenberry (ed.), Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents: Clinical medicine and surgery. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
30. Carroll, G. L., L. B. Howe, M. R. Slater, et al. 1998. Evaluation of analgesia provided by postoperative administration of butorphanol to cats undergoing onchyectomy. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 213:246-250.
31. Flecknell, P. A. 1991. Anaesthesia and post-operative care of small mammals. In Pract. 13:180-189.
32. Flecknell, P. A., H. E. Orr, J. V. Roughan, et al. 1999. Comparison of the effects of oral or subcutaneous carprofen or ketoprofen in rats undergoing laparotomy. Vet. Rec. 144:65-67.
33. Smith, J. D., S. W. Allen, J. E. Quandt, et al. 1996. Indicators of postoperative pain in cats and correlation with clinical criteria. Am. J. Vet. Res. 57:1674-1678.
34. Smith, J. D., S. W. Allen, and J. E. Quandt. 1999. Changes in cortisol concentration in response to stress and postoperative pain in client-owned cats and correlation with objective clinical variables. Am. J. Vet. Res. 60:432-436.
35. Graham, L. H., and J. L. Brown. 1996. Cortisol metabolism in the domestic cat and implications for non-invasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in endangered felids. Zoo. Biol. 15:71-82.