Visual attention: Insights from brain imaging

Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 91-100

  Kanwisher, Nancy ^a   Wojciulik, Ewa ^b  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ATTENTION; BRAIN; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMAN; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; VISION;

ANIMALS; ATTENTION; BRAIN; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 0034332319     PISSN: 1471003X     EISSN: 14710048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/35039043     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Corbetta, M. et al. Attentional modulation of neural processing of shape, color, and velocity in humans. Science 248, 1556-1559 (1990).
2. O'Craven, K. M., Rosen, B. R., Kwong, K. K., Treisman, A. & Savoy, R. L. Voluntary attention modulates fMRI activity in human MT-MST. Neuron 18, 591-598 (1997).
3. Wojciulik, E., Kanwisher, N. & Driver, J. Covert visual attention modulates face-specific activity in the human fusiform gyrus: fMRI study. J. Neurophysiol. 79, 1574-1578 (1998).
4. Beauchamp, M. S., Cox, R. W. & DeYoe, E. A. Graded effects of spatial and featural attention on human area MT and associated motion processing areas. J. Neurophysiol. 78, 516-520 (1997).
5. Clark, V. P. et al. Selective attention to face identity and color studied with fMRI. Hum. Brain Mapp. 5, 293-297 (1997).
6. Broadbent, D. Perception and Communication (Pergamon, London, 1958).
7. Deutsch, J. A. & Deutsch, D. Attention: some theoretical considerations. Psychol. Rev. 87, 272-300 (1963).
8. Broadbent, D. Task combination and selective intake of information. Acta Psychol. 50, 253-290 (1982).
9. Tipper, S. P. & Driver, J. Negative priming between pictures and words in a selective attention task: evidence for semantic processing of ignored stimuli. Mem. Cogn. 16, 64-70, (1988).
10. Driver, J. & Baylis, G. C. Movement and visual attention: the spotlight metaphor breaks down. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 15, 448-456 (1989).
11. Rock, I., Linnett, C. M., Grant, P. & Mack, A. Perception without attention: results of a new method. Cogn. Psychol, 24, 502-534 (1992).
12. Rees, G., Russell, C., Frith, C. D. & Driver, J. Inattentional blindness versus inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words. Science 286, 2504-2507 (1999).
13. Moran, J. & Desimone, R. Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex. Science 229, 782-784 (1985).
14. Maunsell, J. H. R. The brain's visual world: representation of visual targets in cerebral cortex. Science 270, 764-769 (1995).
15. Roelfsema, P R., Lamme, V. A. & Spekreijse, H. The implementation of visual routines. Vision Res. 40, 1385-1411 (2000).
16. Ito, M. & Gilbert, C. D. Attention modulates contextual influences in the primary visual cortex of alert monkeys. Neuron 22, 593-604 (1999).
17. Mehta, A. D., Ulbert, I. & Schroeder, C. E. Intermodal selective attention in monkeys. I: distribution and timing of effects across visual areas. Cereb. Cortex 10, 343-358 (2000).
18. Luck, S. J., Chelazzi, L., Hillyard, S. A. & Desimone, R. Neural mechanisms of spatial selective attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque visual cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 77, 24-42 (1997).
19. Motter, B. C. Focal attention produces spatially selective processing in visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 in the presence of competing stimuli. J. Neurophysiol. 70, 909-919 (1993).
20. Gandhi, S. P., Heeger, D. J. & Boynton, G. M. Spatial attention affects brain activity in human primary visual cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 3314-3319 (1999).
21. Brefczynski, J. A. & DeYoe, E. A. A physiological correlate of the 'spotlight' of visual attention. Nature Neurosci. 4, 370-374 (1999).
22. Somers, D. C., Dale, A. M., Seiffert, A. E. & Tootell, R. B. Functional MRI reveals spatially specific attentional modulation in human primary visual cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1663-1668 (1999).
23. Watanabe, T. et al. Task-dependent influences of attention on the activation of human primary visual cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 11489-11492 (1998).
24. Martinez, A. et al. Involvement of striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in spatial attention. Nature Neurosci. 2, 364-369 (1999).
25. Kastner, S., Pinsk, M., De Weerd, P, Desimone, R. & Ungerleider, L. Increased activity in human visual cortex during directed attention in the absence of visual stimulation. Neuron 22, 751-761 (1999).
26. Lavie, N. Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 21, 451-468 (1995).
27. Rees, G., Frith, C. D. & Lavie, N. Modulating irrelevant motion perception by varying attentional load in an related task. Science 28, 1616-1619 (1997).
28. Handy, T. C. & Mangun, G. R. Attention and spatial selection: electrophysiological evidence for modulation by perceptual load. Percept. Psychophys. 62, 175-186 (2000).
29. Pardo, J. V., Pardo, P. J., Janer, K. W. & Raichle, M. E. The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 256-259 (1990).
30. Casey, B. J. et al. Dissociation of response conflict, attentional selection, and expectancy with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA97, 8728-8733 (2000).
31. Eriksen, B. A. & Eriksen, C. W. Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a non-search task. Percept. Psychophys. 16, 143-149 (1974).
32. Connor, C. E., Preddie, D. C., Gallant, J. L. & Van Essen, D. C. Spatial attention effects in macaque area V4. J. Neurosci. 17, 3201-3214 (1997).
33. Chaudhuri, A. Modulation of the motion aftereffect by selective attention. Nature 344, 60-62 (1990).
34. Treue, S. & Trujillo, J. C. M. Feature-based attention influences motion processing in macaque visual cortex. Nature 399, 575-579 (1999).
35. Duncan, J. Selective attention and the organization of visual information. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 113, 501-517 (1984).
36. Blaser, E., Pylyshyn, Z. & Holcombe, A. Tracking an object through feature-space. Nature (in the press).
37. Downing, P. & Kanwisher, N. fMRI evidence for location- based attentional selection. (Paper to be presented at the Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans, 2000.)
38. Anllo-Vento, L., Luck, S. J. & Hillyard, S. A. Spatio-temporal dynamics of attention to color: evidence from human electrophysiology. Hum. Brain Mapp. 6, 216-238 (1998).
39. Torriente, I., Valdes-Sosa, M., Ramirez, D. & Bobes, M. A. Visual evoked potentials related to motion-onset are modulated by attention. Vision Res. 39, 4122-4139 (1999).
40. Eimer, M. Attentional modulations of event-related brain potentials sensitive to faces. Cogn. Neuropsychol. 17, 103-116 (2000).
41. O'Craven, K., Downing, P. & Kanwisher, N. fMRI evidence for objects as the units of attentional selection. Nature 401, 584-587 (1999).
42. O'Craven, K. M. & Kanwisher, N. Visual imagery of moving stimuli activates area MT/MST. (Paper presented at the Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans,1997).
43. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J. & Chun, M. The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for the perception of faces. J. Neurosci. 17, 4302-4311 (1997).
44. Epstein, R. & Kanwisher, N. A cortical representation of the local visual environment. Nature, 392, 598-601 (1998).
45. McAdams, C. J. & Maunsell, J. H. Effects of attention on the reliability of individual neurons in monkey visual cortex. Neuron 23, 765-773 (1999).
46. Reynolds, J., Pasternak, T. & Desimone, R. Attention increases sensitivity of V4 neurons. Neuron 26, 703-714 (2000).
47. Smith, A. T., Singh, K. D. & Greenlee, M. W. Attentional suppression of activity in the human visual cortex. Neuroreport 7, 271-277 (2000).
48. Ress, D, Backus, B. & Heeger, D. Activity in primary visual cortex predicts performance in a visual detection task. Nature Neurosci. 3, 940-945 (2000).
49. Shulman, G. L. et al. Areas involved in encoding and applying directional expectations to moving objects. J. Neurosci. 19, 9480-9496 (1999).
50. Chawla, D., Rees, G. & Friston, K. J. The physiological basis of attentional modulation in extrastriate visual areas. Nature Neurosci. 2, 671-676 (1999).
51. Goebel, R., Khorram-Sefat, D., Muckli, L., Hacker, H. & Singer, W. The constructive nature of vision: direct evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of apparent motion and motion imagery. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10, 1563-1573 (1998).
52. Kourtzi, Z. & Kanwisher, N. Activation in human MT/MST for static images with implied motion. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12, 48-55 (2000).
53. O'Craven, K. & Kanwisher, N. Mental imagery of faces and places activates corresponding stimulus-specific brain regions. J. Cogn. Neurosci. (in the press).
54. Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R. R. & Davidson, B. J. Attention and the detection of signals. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 109, 160-174 (1980).
55. Hillyard, S. A. & Anllo-Vento, L. Event-related brain potentials in the study of visual selective attention. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 781-787 (1998).
56. Mesulam, M. M. A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect. Ann. Neurol. 10, 309-325 (1981).
57. Vallar, G. & Perani, D. The anatomy of unilateral neglect after right-hemisphere stroke lesions. A clinical/CT-scan correlation study in man. Neuropsychologia 24, 609-622 (1986).
58. Posner, M. I., Walker, J. A., Friedrich, F. J. & Rafal, R. D. Effects of parietal lobe injury on covert orienting of visual attention. J. Neurosci. 4, 1863-1874 (1984).
59. Robinson, D. L., Goldberg, M. E. & Stanton, G. B. Parietal association cortex in the primate: sensory mechanisms and behavioral modulations. J. Neurophysiol. 41, 910-932 (1978).
60. Wurtz, R. H. & Mohler, C. W. Enhancement of visual responses in monkey striate cortex and frontal eye fields. J. Neurophysiol. 39, 766-772 (1976).
61. Posner, M. I. & Petersen, S. E. The attention system of the human brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 25-42 (1990).
62. Corbetta, M., Miezin, F. M., Shulman, G. L. & Petersen, S. E. A PET study of visuospatial attention. J. Neurosci. 13, 1202-1226 (1993).
63. Nobre, A. C. et al. Functional localization of the system for visuospatial attention using positron emission tomography. Brain 120, 515-533 (1997).
64. Vandenberghe, R. et al. Attention to one or two features in left or right visual field: A positron emission tomography study. J. Neurosci. 17, 3739-3750 (1997).
65. Shulman, G. L. et al. Areas involved in encoding and applying directional expectations to moving objects. J. Neurosci. 19, 9480-9496 (1999).
66. Corbetta, M., Kincade, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., McAvoy, M. P & Shulman, G. L. Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex. Nature Neurosci. 3, 292-297 (2000).
67. Coull, J. T., Frith, C. D., Buchel, C. & Nobre, A. C. Orienting attention in time: behavioural and neuroanatomical distinction between exogenous and endogenous shifts. Neuropsychologia 38, 808-819 (2000).
68. Hopfinger, J. B., Buonocore, M. H. & Mangun, G. R. The neural mechanisms of top-down attentional control. Nature Neurosci. 3, 284-291 (2000).
69. Colby, C. L. in Attention and Performance XVI (ed. Inui, T. & McClelland, J. L.) 157-177 (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1996).
70. Andersen, R. A. Encoding of intention and spatial location in the posterior parietal cortex. Cereb. Cortex 5, 457-469 (1995).
71. Rizzolatti, G., Riggio, L., Dascola, I. & Umilta, C. Reorienting attention across the horizontal and vertical meridians: evidence in favor of a premotor theory of attention. Neuropsychologia 25, 31-40 (1987).
72. Sweeney, J. A. et al. Positron emission tomography study of voluntary saccadic eye movements and spatial working memory. J. Neurophysiol. 75, 454-468 (1996).
73. Paus, T. Location and Junction of the human frontal eye-field: a selective review. Neuropsychologia 34, 475-483 (1996).
74. Coull, J. T. & Nobre, A. C. Where and when to pay attention: the neural systems for directing attention to spatial locations and to time intervals as revealed by both PET and fMRI. J. Neurosci. 18, 7426-7435 (1998).
75. Gitelman, D. R. et al. A large-scale distributed network for covert spatial attention: further anatomical delineation based on stringent behavioural and cognitive controls. Brain 122, 1093-1106 (1999).
76. Corbetta, M. et al. A common network of functional areas for attention and eye movements. Neuron 21, 761-773 (1998).
77. Culham, J. C. et al. Cortical fMRI activation produced by attentive tracking of moving targets. J. Neurophysiol. 80, 2657-2670 (1998).
78. Nobre, A. C., Gitelman, D. R., Dias, E. C. & Mesulam, M. M. Covert visual spatial orienting and saccades: overlapping neural systems. Neuroimage 11, 210-216 (2000).
79. Le, T. H., Pardo, J. V. & Hu, X. 4T-fMRI study of nonspatial shifting of selective attention: cerebellar and parietal contributions. J. Neurophysiol. 79, 1535-1548 (1998).
80. Wojciulik, E. & Kanwisher, N. The generality of parietal involvement in visual attention. Neuron 23, 747-764 (1999).
81. Lynch, J. C., Mountcastle, V. B., Talbot, W. H. & Yin, T. C. Parietal lobe mechanisms for directed visual attention. J. Neurophysiol. 40, 362-389 (1977).
82. Culham, J., Cavanagh, P., Kanwisher, N., Intriligator, J. & Nakayama, K. Varying attentional load produces different fMRI task response functions in occipitoparietal cortex and frontal eye fields. (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience, New Orleans, LA, October, 1997).
83. Ungerleider, L. G. & Mishkin, M. in Analysis of Visual Behavior (ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. D. & Mansfield, R. J. W.) 549-586 (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982).
84. Corbetta, M., Shulman, G. L., Miezin, F. M. & Petersen, S. E. Superior parietal cortex activation during spatial attention shifts and visual feature conjunction. Science 270, 802-805 (1995).
85. Treisman, A. M. & Gelade, G. A feature-integration theory of attention. Cogn. Psychol. 12, 97-136 (1980).
86. Duncan, J. et al. Systematic analysis of deficits in visual attention. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 128, 450-478 (1999).
87. Husain, M., Shapiro, K., Martin, J. & Kennard, C. Abnormal temporal dynamics of visual attention in spatial neglect patients. Nature 385, 154-156 (1997).
88. Colby, C. L., Duhamel, J. R. & Goldberg, M. E. Visual, presaccadic, and cognitive activation of single neurons in monkey lateral intraparietal area. J. Neurophysiol. 76, 2841-2852 (1996).
89. Milner, A. D. & Goodale, M. A. The Visual Brain in Action (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1995).
90. Jonides, J. et al. Spatial working memory in humans as revealed by PET. Nature 363, 623-625 (1993).
91. Jonides, J. et al. The role of parietal cortex in verbal working memory. J. Neurosci. 18, 5026-5034 (1998).
92. Dehaene, S., Spelke, E., Pinel, P., Stanescu, R. & Tsivkin, S. Sources of mathematical thinking: behavioral and brain- imaging evidence. Science 284, 970-974 (1999).
93. Platt, M. L. & Glimcher, P W. Neural correlates of decision variables in parietal cortex. Nature 400, 233-238 (1999).
94. Duncan, J. et al. A neural basis for general intelligence. Science 289, 457-460 (2000).
95. Raichle, M. E. Behind the scenes of function brain imaging: A historical and physiological perspective. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 765-772 (1998).
96. Chen, M. S. & Bookheimer, S. Y. Localization of brain function using magnetic resonance imaging. Trends Neurosci. 17, 268-277 (1994).
97. Buckner, R. L. et al. Detection of cortical activation during averaged single trials of a cognitive task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 14878-14883 (1996).
98. Desimone, R. & Duncan, J. Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annu. Rev Neurosci. 18, 193-222 (1995).
99. Duncan, J. Converging levels of analysis in the cognitive neuroscience of visual attention. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 353, 1307-1317 (1998).
100. Treisman, A. Features and objects: the fourteenth Bartlett memorial lecture. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 40A, 201-237 (1988).
101. Friedman-Hill, S. R., Robertson, L. C. & Treisman, A. Parietal contributions to feature binding: evidence from a patient with bilateral lesions. Science 269, 853-855 (1995).
102. Wojciulik, E. & Kanwisher, N. Implicit but not explicit feature binding in a Balints patient. Vis. Cogn. 5, 157-181 (1998).
103. Pugh, K. R. et al. Auditory selective attention: an fMRI investigation. Neuroimage 4, 159-173 (1996).
104. Linden, D. E. et al. The functional neuroanatomy of target detection: an fMRI study of visual and auditory oddball tasks. Cereb. Cortex 9, 815-823 (1999).
105. Kawashima, R. et al. Selective visual and auditory attention toward utterances — a PET study. Neuroimage 10, 209-215 (1999).
106. Klingberg, T. Concurrent performance of two working memory tasks: potential mechanisms of interference. Cereb. Cortex 8, 593-601 (1998).
107. Tzourio, N. et al. Functional anatomy of human auditory attention studied with PET. Neuroimage 5, 63-77 (1997).
108. Burton, H. et al. Tactile attention tasks enhance activation in somatosensory regions of parietal cortex: a positron emission tomography study. Cereb. Cortex 9, 662-674 (1999).
109. Hadjikhani, N. & Roland, P. E. Cross-modal transfer of information between the tactile and the visual representations in the human brain: A positron emission tomographic study. J. Neurosci. 18, 1072-1084 (1998).
110. Banati, R. B., Goerres, G. W., Tjoa, C., Aggleton, J. P & Grasby, P. The functional anatomy of visual-tactile integration in man: a study using positron emission tomography. Neuropsychologia 38, 115-124 (2000).
111. Macaluso, E., Frith, C. & Driver, J. Selective spatial attention in vision and touch: unimodal and multimodal mechanisms revealed by PET. J. Neurophysiol. 83, 3062-3075 (2000).
112. Downar, J., Crawley, A. P, Mikulis, D. J. & Davis, K. D. A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment. Nature Neurosci. 3, 277-283 (2000).
113. Duncan, J. & Owen, A. M. Common regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands. Trends Neurosci. 23, 475-483 (2000).
114. Luck, S. J. & Hillyard, S. A. in The New Cognitive Neurosciences (ed. Gazzaniga, M.) 687-700 (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000).