Computer-based registration for digital subtraction in dental radiology

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 323-346

  Lehmann, T M ^a   Grondahl H G ^b   Benn, D K ^c  

^a RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY   (United States)

Author keywords

Digital radiography, dental; Radiographic image enhancement; Radiography, dental; Subtraction technique

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; AUTOMATED PATTERN RECOGNITION; CLASSIFICATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER PROGRAM; HUMAN; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGE QUALITY; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; INFORMATION PROCESSING; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; TOOTH RADIOGRAPHY;

ALGORITHMS; AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING; CLASSIFICATION; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; PATTERN RECOGNITION, AUTOMATED; RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; RADIOGRAPHY, DENTAL; SOFTWARE; SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE;

EID: 0034327590     PISSN: 0250832X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600558     Document Type: Review

References (145)

1. Benn DK. A review of the reliability of radiographic measurements in estimating alveolar bone changes. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17: 14-21.
2. Brägger U. Digital imaging in periodontal radiography. J Clin Periodontol 1988; 15: 551-557.
3. Brägger U. Radiographic parameters for the evaluation of periimplant tissues. Periodontology 2000 1994; 4: 87-97.
4. Brown LG. A Survey of image registration techniques. ACM Comp Surv 1992; 24: 325-376.
5. Duncan JS, Ayache N. Medical image analysis: progress over two decades and the challenges ahead. IEEE Trans Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2000; 22: 85-106.
6. van den Elsen PA, Pol EJD, Viergever MA. Medical image matching: a review with classification. IEEE Eng Med Biol 1993; 12: 26-39.
7. Fourmousis I, Brägger U, Bürgin W, Tonetti M, Lang NP. Digital image processing: I. Evaluation of grey level correction methods in vitro. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994; 5: 37-47.
8. Gröndahl K. Computer-assisted subtraction radiography in periodontal diagnosis. Swedish Dent J 1987; Supplement 50: 1-44.
9. Gröndahl HG. Digital radiology in dental diagnosis: a critical view. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1992; 21: 198-202.
10. Hausmann E. Digital subtraction radiography: Then (1983) and now (1998). J Dent Res 1999; 78: 7-10.
11. Hildebolt CF, Walkup RK, Conover GL, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Bartlett TQ, Vannier MW et al. Histogram-matching and histogram-flattening contrast correction methods: A comparison. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1996; 25: 42-47.
12. Lehmann TM, Sovakar A, Schmitt W, Repges R. A comparison of mathematical similarity measures for digital subtraction radiography. Comp Biol Med 1997; 27: 151-167.
13. Lehmann TM. Geometrische Ausrichtung medizinischer Bilder am Beispiel intraoraler Radiographien. Aachener Informatik-Berichte 1998; no. 9, Fachgruppe Informatik, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
14. Lehmann TM, Gönner C, Spitzer K. Survey: Interpolation methods in medical image processing. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1999; 18: 1049-1075.
15. Likar B, Pernus F. Evaluation of three contrast correction methods for digital subtraction in dental radiology: An in vitro study. MedPhys 1997; 24: 299-307.
16. Maintz JBA, Viergever MA. A survey of medical image registration. Med Image Anal 1998; 2: 1-36.
17. Meijering EH, Niessen WJ, Viergever MA. Retrospective motion correction in digital subtraction angiography: A review. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1999; 18: 2-21.
18. Reddy MS. Radiographic methods in the evaluation of periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1992; 63: 1078-1084.
19. Reddy MS, Jeffcoat MK. Digital subtraction radiography. Dent Clin North Am 1993; 37: 553-565.
20. Reddy MS, Jeffcoat MK. Methods of assessing periodontal regeneration. Periodontol 2000 1999; 19: 87-103.
21. Samarabandu J, Allen K, Hausmann E, Acharya R. Registration techniques for digital subtraction radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1994; 23: 117-119.
22. van der Stelt PF. Improved diagnosis with digital radiography: Editorial review. Curr Opin Dent 1992; 2: 1-6.
23. van der Stelt PF. Computer-assisted interpretation in radiographic diagnosis. Dent Clin North Am 1993; 37: 683-696.
24. Vandre RH, Webber RL. Future trends in dental radiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995; 80: 471-478.
25. Versteeg CH, Sanderink GC, van der Stelt PF. Efficacy of digital intra-oral radiography in clinical dentistry. J Dent 1997; 25: 215-224.
26. Wenzel A. Influence of computerized information technologies on image quality in dental radiographs. Tandlaegebladet 1991; 95: 527-559.
27. Wenzel A. Computer-aided image manipulation of intraoral radiographs to enhance diagnosis in dental practice: A review. Int Dent J 1993; 43: 99-108.
28. Wenzel A, Grondahl HG. Direct digital radiography in the dental office. Int Dent J 1995; 45: 27-34. (erratum 45:391).
29. West J, Fitzpatrick JM, Wang MY, Dawant BM, Maurer CR, Kessler RM. Comparison and evaluation of retrospective intermodality image registration techniques. Proc SPIE 1996; 2710: 332-347.
30. Allen KM, Hausmann E. Analytical methodology in quantitative digital subtraction radiography: Analyses of the aluminum reference wedge. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 1317-1321.
31. Brägger U, Pasquali L, Rylander H, Carnes D, Kornman KS. Computer-assisted densitometric image analysis in periodontal radiography. A methodological study. J Clin Periodontol 1988; 15: 27-37.
32. Brocklebank LM, McGovern C, Jin J, Siebert JP, van der Stelt PF. A flexible reconstruction program for use in digital subtraction radiology. J Dent Res 1999; 78: 535 (abstr.).
33. Byrd V, Mayfield-Donahoo T, Reddy MS, Jeffcoat MK. Semi-automated image registration for digital subtraction radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 473-478.
34. Dunn SM, van der Stelt PF, Ponce A, Fenesy K, Shah S. A comparison of two registration techniques for digital subtraction radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1993; 22: 77-80.
35. Ellwood RP, Davies RM, Worthington HV. Evaluation of a dental subtraction radiography system. J Periodontal Res 1997; 32:241-248.
36. Ettinger GJ, Gordon GG, Goodson JM, Socransky SS, Williams R. Development of automated registration algorithms for subtraction radiography. J Clin Periodontol 1994; 21: 540-543.
37. Fisher E, van der Stelt PF, Dunn SM. 3D registration of surfaces for change detection in medical images. Proc SPIE 1997; 3034: 599-610.
38. Hildebolt CF, Brunsden B, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Pilgram TK, Townsend KE, Vannier MW et al. Comparison of reliability of manual and computer-intensive methods for radiodensity measures of alveolar bone loss. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1998; 27: 245-250.
39. Jeffcoat MK, Jeffcoat RL, Williams RC. A new method for the comparison of bone loss measurements on non-standardized radiographs. J Periodontal Res 1984; 19: 434-440.
40. Leder AJ, Simon BI, Deasy M, Fenesy KE, Dunn S. Histological, clinical, and digital subtraction radiographic evaluation of repair of periodontal defects resulting from mechanical perforation of the chamber floor using ePTFE membranes. Periodontal Clin Investig 1997; 19: 9-15.
41. Lee SH, Kim EK. Development of subtraction radiography system by using personal computer. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology; Seoul, Korea 1994; 371-376.
42. Lehmann TM, Goerke C, Schmitt W, Kaupp A, Repges R. Rotation-extended cepstrum technique optimized by systemic analysis of various sets of x-ray images Proc SPIE 1996; 2710: 390-401.
43. Lehmann TM, Gröndahl K, Gröndahl HG, Schmitt W, Spitzer K. Observer-independent registration of perspective projection prior to subtraction of in vivo radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1998; 27: 140-150.
44. Lehmann TM. A two-stage algorithm for model-based registration of medical images. Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition ICPR'98, Brisbane, Australia, 1998; 1: 344-351.
45. Likar B, Pernus F. Automatic extraction of corresponding points for the registration of medical images. Med Phys, 1999; 26: 1678-1686.
46. Ohki M, Okano T, Yamada N. A contrast-correction method for digital subtraction radiography. J Periodontal Res 1988; 23: 277-280.
47. Orstavik D, Farrants G, Wahl T, Kerekes K. Image analysis of endodontic radiographs: digital subtraction and quantitative densitometry. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990; 6: 6-11.
48. 125I absorptiometry. J Periodontal Res 1985; 20: 644-651.
49. Ostuni J, Fisher E, van der Stelt P, Dunn S. Registration of dental radiographs using projective geometry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1993; 22: 199-203.
50. Ostuni J, Dunn S. Fast image registration based upon projective planar geometry. Proc 19th IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. New York, NY, USA. 1993; 174-175.
51. Papika S, Paulsen HU, Shi XQ, Welander U, Linder-Aronson S. Orthodontic application of color image addition to visualize differences between sequential radiographs. Am J Orthodont Dentofac Orthoped 1999; 115: 488-493.
52. Ruttimann UE, Okano T, Gröndahl HG, Gröndahl K, Webber RL. Exposure geometry and film contrast differences as bases for incomplete cancellation of irrelevant structures in dental subtraction radiography. Proc SPIE 1981; 314: 372-377.
53. Ruttimann UE, Webber RL, Schmidt E. A robust digital method for film contrast correction in subtraction radiography. J Periodontal Res 1986; 21: 486-495.
54. Samarabandu J, Allen KM, Hausmann E, Acharya R. Algorithm for the automated alignment of radiographs for image subtraction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994; 77: 75-79.
55. Sato H, Ohki M, Kitamori H. A method for quantifying positional change of the condyle on lateral tomograms by means of digital subtraction. J Oral Rehabil 1998; 25: 448-455.
56. Schmitt W, Lehmann TM. Digitale Radiographic und digitale Bildverarbeitung in der implantologischen Diagnostik. Z Zahnärztl Implantol 1993; 9: 284-287.
57. van der Stelt PF, Ruttimann UE, Webber RL. Determination of projections for subtraction radiography based on image similarity measurements. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1989; 18: 113-117.
58. Vannier MW, Hildebolt CF, Conover G, Knapp RH, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Wang G. Three-dimensional dental imaging by spiral CT. Proc SPIE 1995; 2434: 346-360.
59. Vos MH, Janssen PTM, van Aken J, Heethaar. Quantitative measurement of periodontal bone changes by digital subtraction. J Periodont Res 1986; 21: 583-591.
60. Webber RL, Ruttimann UE, Groenhuis RA. Computer correction of projective distortions in dental radiographs. J Dent Res 1984; 63: 1032-1036.
61. Webber RL, Ruttimann UE, Heaven TJ. Calibration errors in digital subtraction radiography. J Periodontal Res 1990; 25: 268-275.
62. Webber RL, Bettermann W. A method for correcting for errors produced by variable magnification in three-dimensional tuned-aperture computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999; 28: 305-310.
63. Wenzel A. Effect of manual compared with reference point superimposition on image quality in digital subtraction radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1989; 18: 145-150.
64. Yoon DC. A new method for the automated alignment of dental radiographs for digital subtraction radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2000; 29: 11-19.
65. Yoshioka T, Kobayashi C, Suda H, Sasaki T. Quantitative subtraction with direct digital dental radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1997; 26: 286-294.
66. Aagaard E, Donslund C, Wenzel A, Sewerin I. Performance for obtaining maximal gain from a program for digital subtraction radiography. Scand J Dent Res 1991; 99: 166-172.
67. Andersen L, Wenzel A. Individual identification by means of conventional bitewing film and subtraction radiography. Forensic Sci Int 1995; 72: 55-64.
68. Armitage GC, Jeffcoat MK, Chadwick DE, Taggart Jr EJ, Numabe Y, Landis JR et al. Longitudinal evaluation of elastase as a marker for the progression of periodontitis. J Periodontol 1994; 65: 120-128.
69. Brettle DS, Ellwood R, Davies R. Determination of the optimal conditions for dental subtraction radiography using a storage phosphor system. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999; 28: 1-5.
70. Brocklebank LM, van der Stelt PF, Beattie S, Siebert JP. Reference region selection for density standardisation in digital subtraction radiology. J Dent Res 2000; 79: 601 (abstr.).
71. Burdea GC, Dunn SM, Levy G. Evaluation of robot-based registration for subtraction radiography. Med Image Anal 1999; 3: 265-274.
72. Christgau M, Schmalz G, Reich E, Wenzel A. Clinical and radiographical split-mouth-study on resorbable versus non-resorbable GTR-membranes. J Clin Periodontol 1995; 22: 306-315.
73. Christgau M, Wenzel A, Hiller KA, Schmalz G. Quantitative digital subtraction radiography for assessment of bone density changes following periodontal guided tissue regeneration. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1996; 25: 25-33.
74. Christgau M, Bader N, Schmalz G, Hiller KA, Wenzel A. Postoperative exposure of bioresorbable GTR membranes: Effect on healing results. Clin Oral Investig 1997; 1: 109-118.
75. Christgau M, Schmalz G, Wenzel A, Hiller KA. Periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects with resorbable and non-resorbable membranes: 30-month results. J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24: 17-27.
76. Christgau M, Bader N, Schmalz G, Hiller KA, Wenzel A. GTR therapy of intrabony defects using 2 different bioresorbable membranes: 12-month results. J Clin Periodontol 1998; 25: 499-509.
77. Christgau M, Hiller KA, Schmalz G, Kolbeck C, Wenzel A. Accuracy of quantitative digital subtraction radiography for determining changes in calcium mass in mandibular bone: An in vitro study. J Periodontal Res 1998; 33: 138-149.
78. Christgau M, Hiller KA, Schmalz G, Kolbeck C, Wenzel A. Quantitative digital subtraction radiography for the determination of small changes in bone thickness: An in vitro study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85: 462-472.
79. Fisher E, van der Stelt PF, Ostuni J, Dunn SM. The effect of independent film and object rotation on projective geometric standardization of dental radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1995; 24: 5-12.
80. Hintze H, Wenzel A, Andreasen FM, Swerin I. Digital subtraction radiography for assessment of simulated root resorption cavities. Performance of conventional and reverse contrast modes. Endod Dent Traumatol 1992; 8: 149-154.
81. Jeffcoat MK, Williams RC, Reddy MS, English R, Goldhaber P. Flurbiprofen treatment of human periodontitis: Effect on alveolar bone height and metabolism. J Periodontal Res 1988; 23: 381-385.
82. Jeffcoat MK. Assessment of periodontal disease progression: Application of new technology to conventional tools. Periodontal Case Rep 1989; 11: 8-12.
83. Jeffcoat MK, Page R, Reddy M, Wannawisute A, Waite P, Palcanis K et al. Use of digital radiography to demonstrate the potential of naproxen as an adjunct in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1991; 26: 415-421.
84. Jeffcoat MK. Radiographic methods for the detection of progressive alveolar bone loss. J Periodontol 1992; 63: 367-372.
85. Jeffcoat MK, Reddy MS, Moreland LW, Koopman WJ. Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on bone loss in chronic inflammatory disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 696: 292-302.
86. Jensen J, Kragskov J, Wenzel A, Sindet-Pedersen S. In vitro analysis of the accuracy of subtraction radiography and computed tomography scanning for determination of bone graft volume. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998; 56: 743-748.
87. Li KL, Vogel R, Jeffcoat MK, Alfano MC, Smith MA, Collins JG et al. The effect of ketoprofen creams on periodontal disease in rhesus monkeys. J Periodontal Res 1996; 31: 525-532.
88. Loftin R, Webber R, Horton R, Tyndall D, Moriarty J. Effect of projective aspects variations on estimates of changes in bone mass using digital subtraction radiography. J Periodontal Res 1998; 33: 352-358.
89. Palcanis KG, Larjava IK, Wells BR, Suggs KA, Landis JR, Chadwick DE et al. Elastase as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. J Periodontol 1992; 63: 237-242.
90. Perona G, Wenzel A. Radiographic evaluation of the effect of orthodontic retraction on the root of the maxillary canine. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1996; 25: 179-185.
91. Preshaw PM, Geatch DR, Lauffart B, Jeffcoat MK, Taylor JJ, Heasman PA. Longitudinal changes in TCRB variable gene expression and markers of gingival inflammation in experimental gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1998; 25: 774-780.
92. Rawlinson A, Ellwood RP, Davies RM. An in vitro evaluation of a dental subtraction radiography system using bone chips on dried human mandibles. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26: 138-142.
93. Reddy MS, Jeffcoat MK, Richardson RC. Assessment of adjunctive flurbiprofen therapy in root-form implant healing with digital subtraction radiography. J Oral Implantol 1990; 16: 272-276.
94. Reddy MS, Mayfield-Donahoo TL, Jeffcoat MK. A semi-automated computer-assisted method for measuring bone loss adjacent to dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992; 3: 28-31.
95. Reddy MS, Palcanis KG, Barnett ML, Haigh S, Charles CH, Jeffcoat MK. Efficacy of meclofenamate sodium (meclomen) in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1993; 20: 635-640.
96. Reukers E, Sanderink G, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, van't Hof M. Assessment of apical root resorption using digital reconstruction. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1998; 27: 25-29.
97. Sander L, Wenzel A, Hintze H, Karring T. Image homogeneity and recording reproducibility with 2 techniques for serial intraoral radiography. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 1288-1291.
98. Shi XQ, Eklund I, Tronje G, Welander U, Stamatakis HC, Engstrom PE et al. Comparison of observer reliability in assessing alveolar bone changes from color-coded with subtraction radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999; 28: 31-36.
99. Vannier MW, Hildebolt CF, Conover G, Knapp RH, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Wang G. Three-dimensional dental imaging by spiral CT. A progress report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodont 1997; 84: 561-570.
100. Wenzel A, Sewerin I. Sources of noise in digital subtraction radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991; 71: 503-508.
101. Wenzel A, Warrer K, Karring T. Digital subtraction radiography in assessing bone changes in periodontal defects following guided tissue regeneration. J Clin Periodontol 1992; 19: 208-213.
102. Wenzel A, Halse A. Digital subtraction radiography after stannous fluoride treatment for occlusal caries diagnosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992; 74: 824-828.
103. Wenzel A, Andersen L. A quantitative analysis of subtraction images based on bite-wing radiographs for simulated victim identification in forensic dentistry. J Forensic Odontostomatol 1994; 12: 1-5.
104. Allen K, Emrich L, Piedmonte M, Hausmann E. Relationship of texture measurements to the prediction of correct evaluations in subtraction radiography. J Periodontal Res 1992; 27: 197-206.
105. Allen KM, Hausmann E, Kutlubay ME, Loza J, Carpio LC, Ortman L et al. Studies of the angular reproducibility of positioning patients adjacent to an x-ray tube: 1. Stent-rod based and extra-oral systems. J Periodontal Res 1994; 29: 174-178.
106. Araki K, Kitamori H, Yoshiura K, Okuda H, Ohki M. Standardized lateral oblique projection of the mandible for digital subtraction radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1992; 21: 88-92.
107. Baxes GA. Digital image processing: Principles and applications. New York: Wiley, 1994.
108. Benn DK. Limitations of the digital image subtraction technique in assessing alveolar bone crest changes due to misalignment errors during image capture. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1990; 19: 97-104.
109. Benn DK. Frequent, low-dose, improved-contrast radiographic images with the use of narrow x-ray beams. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992; 74: 221-229.
110. Bragger U, Burgin W, Lang NP, Buser D. Digital subtraction radiography for the assessment of changes in peri-implant bone density. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1991; 6: 160-166.
111. Brocklebank LM, Kitsiou N, Richardson B, Still D. Development of equipment for standardization of DIGORA periapicals. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1998; 27 (Suppl 1): 31 (abstr.).
112. Burdea GC, Dunn SM, Immendorf CH, Mallik M. Real-time sensing of tooth position for dental digital subtraction radiography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1991; 38: 366-378.
113. Chalermwat P, El-Ghazawi T, Le Moigne J. Image registration by parts. Proceedings Image Registration Workshop, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 1997; 299-306.
114. Cohen ME, Roddy WC. A comparison of three statistics for detecting differences in digitized dental radiographs: A simulation study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1995; 24: 179-184.
115. Davis M, Allen KM, Hausmann E. Effects of small angle discrepancies on interpretations of subtraction images. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994; 78: 397-400.
116. Dunn SM, van der Stelt PF. Recognizing invariant geometric structure in dental radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1992; 21: 142-147.
117. Eickholz P, Dörfer C, Staehle HJ. Reproduzierbarkeit standartisierter Bißflügelaufnahmen bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Parodontitis. Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitung 1994; 49: 398-402.
118. Fritsch DS, Pizer SM, Chaney EL, Liu A, Raghavan S, Shah T. Cores for image registration. Proc SPIE 1994; 2167: 128-142.
119. Giachetti A. Matching technique to compute image motion. Image Vision Comput 2000; 18: 247-260.
120. Golub GH, van Loan CF. Matrix computations. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.
121. Gröndahl HG, Gröndahl K, Okano T, Webber RL. Statistical contrast enhancement of subtraction images for radiographic caries diagnosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982; 53: 219-223.
122. Gröndahl HG, Gröndahl K, Webber RL. A digital subtraction technique for dental radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983; 55: 96-102.
123. Hamadeh A, Cinquin P, Szeliski R, Lavallee S. Anatomy-based multimodal medical image registration for computer-integrated surgery. Proc SPIE 1994; 2355: 178-188.
124. Hausmann E, Kutlubay ME, Odrobina D, Allen KM, Loza J, Ortman L et al. Studies on the angular reproducibility of positioning patients adjacent to an x-ray tube. II: A new electronically guided, force-sensitive sensor-based alignment system. J Periodontal Res 1995; 30: 294-297.
125. Janssen PT, van Palenstein Helderman WH, van Aken J. The effect of in vivo-occurring errors in the reproducibility of radiographs on the use of the subtraction technique. J Clin Periodontol 1989; 16: 53-58.
126. Jean A, Epelboin Y, Rimsky A, Soyer A, Ouhayoun JP. Digital image ratio: A new radiographic method for quantifying changes in alveolar bone. Part 1: Theory and methodology. J Periodontal Res 1996; 31: 161-167.
127. Jeffcoat MK, Reddy MS, Webber RL, Williams RC, Ruttimann UE. Extraoral control of geometry for digital subtraction radiography. J Periodontal Res 1987; 22: 396-402.
128. Jenkinson M, Smith S. An investigation of the robustness of registration methods. Proceedings International Workshop on Biomedical Image Registration, Bled, Slovenia, 1999; 200-210.
129. Jorgensen T. X-POSEIT: X-ray based platform for odontic subtraction and evaluation, Image Toolkits, Denmark. Personal communication, May 2000.
130. Lehmann TM, Schmitt W, Horn H, Hillen W. IDEFIX -Identification of dental fixtures in intraoral x-rays. Proc SPIE 1996; 2710: 584-595.
131. Le Moigne J, Xia W, Chettri S, El-Ghazawi T, Kaynaz E, Lerner B-T. Towards an intercomparison of automated registration algorithms for multiple source remote sensing data. Proceedings Image Registration Workshop, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 1997; 307-316.
132. Mol A, van der Stelt PF. Locating the periapical region in dental radiographs using digital image analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993; 75: 373-382.
133. Ostuni J, Dunn S. Measuring registration potential in planar transmission images. Comput Med Imaging Graph 1997; 21: 103-110.
134. Phillips PJ, Huang J, Dunn SM. An efficient micrograph registration algorithm via sieve processes. J Comput Ass Microscopy 1996; 8: 21-29.
135. Rudolph DJ, White SC, Mankovich NJ. Influence of geometric distortion and exposure parameters on sensitivity of digital subtraction radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987; 64: 631-637.
136. Rudolf DJ, White SC. Film-holding instruments for intraoral subtraction radiography. Oral Med Oral Surg Oral Pathol 1988; 65: 767-772.
137. Shrout MK, Hildebolt CF, Vannier MW. Alignment errors in bitewing radiographs using uncoupled positioning devices. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1993; 22: 33-37.
138. Shrout MK, Weaver J, Potter BJ. Spatial resolution and angular alignment tolerance in radiometric analysis of alveolar bone change. J Periodontol 1996; 67: 41-45.
139. van der Stelt PF. Inference systems for automated image analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1992; 21: 180-183.
140. Versteeg CH, Sanderink GC, Geraets WG, van der Stelt PF. Impact of scale standardization on images of digital radiography systems. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1997; 26: 337-343.
141. Vujovic N, Brzakovic D. Establishing the correspondence between control points in pairs of mammographic images. IEEE Trans Image Proc 1997; 6: 1388-1399.
142. Wenzel A, Hintze H. Editorial review: The choice of gold standard for evaluating tests for caries diagnosis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999; 28: 132-136. (discussion 28: 182-185 and 29: 61-63).
143. Wenzel A, Hintze H. Editorial review: The choice of gold standard for evaluating tests for caries diagnosis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999; 28: 132-136. (discussion 28: 182-185 and 29: 61-63).
144. Wenzel A, Hintze H. Editorial review: The choice of gold standard for evaluating tests for caries diagnosis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999; 28: 132-136. (discussion 28: 182-185 and 29: 61-63).
145. Zappa U, Simona C, Graf H, van Aken J. In vivo determination of radiographic projection errors produced by a novel filmholder and an x-ray beam manipulator. J Periodontol 1991; 62: 674-683.