Redox active, multi-chromophore Ru(II) polypyridyl-carbazole copolymers: synthesis and characterization

Journal of Macromolecular Science - Pure and Applied Chemistry

Volumn 37, Issue , 2000, Pages

  Farah, Abdiaziz A ^a   Veinot, Jonathan G C ^a   Najman, Morey ^a   Pietro, William J ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CHROMOPHORES; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; REDOX REACTIONS; RUTHENIUM COMPOUNDS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY;

CARBAZOLE; DIIMINE LIGAND; ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER; ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; EXCITED STATE PROPERTIES; MULTICHROMOPHORIC POLYMER;

COPOLYMERS;

EID: 0034322725     PISSN: 10601325     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/MA-100101168     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. For a general review of metal-containing polymers see: (a) Organometallic Polymers, C. E. Carraher, Jr., J. E. Sheats, and C. U. Pittman, Jr. (Eds., Academic Press, NY, 1978;
2. (b) Metal Containing Polymeric Systems, J. E. Sheats, C. E. Carraher, Jr., and C. U. Pittman, Jr., Eds., Plenum, NY, 1985;
3. (c) Inorganic and Metal-Containing Polymeric Materials, J. E. Sheats, C. E. Carraher, Jr., C. P. Pittman, Jr., M. Zeldin, and B. Currel, Eds., Plenum, NY, 1985;
4. (d) Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers, M. Zeldin, K. J. Wynne, and H. R. Allcock, Eds., ACS Symp. Ser., 360, (1988);
5. (e) B. M. Cullbertson and C. U. Pittman, Jr., New Monomers and Polymers, Plenum, NY, 1984;
6. (f) E. W. Neuse and H Rosenberg, Metallocene Polymers, Marcel-Dekker, NY, 1970;
7. rd Ed., Vol. 15, Wiley and Sons, NY, 1981;
8. h) I. Manners, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 37, 131 (1995).
9. (a) P. K. Ghosh and T. G. Spiro, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102, 5543 (1980),
10. (b) A. Fujishima, K. Honda, Nature, 37, 238 (1972);
11. (c) A. Fujishima and K. Honda, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 44, 1148 (1971);
12. (d) M. S. Wrighton, D. S. Ginley, P. T. Wolczanski, A. B. Ellis, D. L. Morse, and A. Liwz, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 1518 (1975).
13. (a) J. S. Connolly, Ed., Photochemical Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy, Academic, New York, (1981);
14. (b) M. Kaneko and A. Yamada, Adv. Polym. Sci., 55, 1, (1984).
15. (a) Y. Kurimura, M. Shinozaki, F. Ito, Y. Uratani, K. Shigehara, E. Tsuchida, M. Kaneko, and A. Yamada, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 55, 380 (1982);
16. (b) J. M. Kelly, C. Long, C. M. O'Connell, J. G. Vos, and A. H. A. Tinnemans, Inorg. Chem., 22, 2818 (1983);
17. (c) M. Kaneko, A. Yamada, E. Tsuchida, and H. Nakamura, J. Phys. Chem., 88, 1061 (1984);
18. (d) K. Sumi, M. Furue, and S. I. Nozakura, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 23, 3059 (1985);
19. (e) X. H. Hou, M. Kaneko, and A. Yamada, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 24, 2749 (1986);
20. (f) P. M. Ennis, J. M. Kelly, and C. M. O'Connell, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2485 (1986);
21. (g) M. Kaneko, and H. Nakamura, Macromolecules, 20, 2265 (1987);
22. (h) J. Olmsted III, S. F. McClanahan, E. Danielson, J. N. Younathan, and T. J. Meyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3297 (1987);
23. (i) P. M. Ennis and J. M. Kelly, J. Phys. Chem., 93, 5735 (1989);
24. (j) J. N. Younathan, S. F. McClanahan, and T. J. Meyer, Macromolecules, 22, 1048 (1989);
25. (k) G. F. Strouse, L. A. Worl, J. N. Younathan, and T. J. Meyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 9101 (1989);
26. (l) L. A. Worl, G. F. Strouse, J. N. Younathan, S. M. Baxter, and T. J. Meyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 7571 (1990);
27. (m) J. N. Younathan, W. E. Jones, Jr., and T. J. Meyer, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 488 (1991);
28. (n) S. M. Baxter, W. E. Jones, Jr., E. Danielson, L. A. Worl, G. F. Strouse, J. N. Younathan, and T. J. Meyer. Coord. Chem. Rev., 111, 47 (1991);
29. (o) W. E. Jones, Jr., S. M. Baxter, G. F. Strouse, and T. J. Meyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 7363 (1993);
30. (p) R. M. Leasure, T. Kajita, and T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem., 35, 5962 (1996);
31. (q) L. M. Dupray and T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem., 35, 6299 (1996);
32. (r) T. Nakahira, Y. Inoue, K. Iwasaki, H. Tanigawa, Y. Kouda, S. Iwabuchi, and K. Kojima, Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 9, 13, (1988).
33. Q. Wang, L, Wang, and L. Yu, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 12860 (1998).
34. S. S. Zhu and T. M. Swager, Adv. Mater., 8, 497 (1996).
35. Principles and Recent Developments of Solid State Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (LEC), see: a) Q. Pei, G. Yu, C. Zhang, Y. Yang, and A. J. Heeger, Science, 269, 1086 (1995);
36. b) A. J. Bard, Science, 270, 719 (1995);
37. c) Q. Pei, Y. Yang, G. Yu, C. Zhang, and A. J. Heegar, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 3922 (1996);
38. d) F. Huang, H. L. Wang, M. Feldstein, A. G. MacDiarmid, B. R. Hseih, and A. J. Epstein, Synth. Metals, 85, 1283 (1997);
39. e) Q. Pei, Y. Yang, G. Yu, Y. Cao, and A. J. Heegar, Synth. Metals, 85, 1229 (1997).
40. Examples of ECL Ru(II) Based Systems, see: (a) C. M. Elliott, F. Pichot, C. J. Bloom, and L. S. Rider, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 6781 (1998);
41. (b) C, H, Lyons, E. D. Abbas, J. K. Lee, and M. F. Rubner, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 12100 (1998);
42. (c) J. K. Lee, D. S. Yoo, E. S. Handy, and M. F. Rubner, Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, 1686 (1996);
43. (d) D. S. Yoo, A. Wu, J. K. Lee, and M. F. Rubner, Synth. Met., 85, 1425 (1997).
44. Examples of Conventional Polymeric LEDs Ru(II) Based Systems, see (a) W. Y. Ng, X. Gong, and W. K. Chan, Chem. Mater., 11, 1165 (1999);
45. (b) J. K. Lee, D Yoo, and M. F Rubner, Chem. Mater., 9, 1710 (1997).
46. J. G. C. Veinot, A. A. Farah, and W. J. Pietro, Makromol. Chem. Rapid. Commun. (to be submitted) (1999).
47. B. P. Sullivan, D. J. Salmon, and T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem., 17, 3334 (1978).
48. D. M. Chang, S. Gromelski, R. Rupp, and J. E. Mulvaney, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 15, 571 (1977).
49. Y. Bass, R. J. Morgan, R. J. Donovan, and A. D. Baker, Synthetic Commun., 27(12), 2165 (1997).
50. J. N. Younathan, S. F. McClanahan, and T. J. Meyer, Macromolecules, 22, 1048 (1989)
51. Z. Peng and L. Yu, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 3777 (1996).
52. A. Akelah and D. C. Sherrington, Chem. Rev., 81, 557 (1981).
53. Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) as a Hole-Conducting Material see: (a) Organic Electroluminescent Materials, S. Miyata, H. S. Nalwa, Eds., Gordon and Breach Publishers, Chap. 5, 1997;
54. (b) S. Y. Song, M. S. Jang, H. K. Shim, D. H. Hwang, and T. Zyung, Macromolecules, 32, 1482 (1999);
55. (c) S. Maruyama, X-T. Tao, H. Hokari, T. Noh, Y. Zhang, T. Wada, H. Sasabe, H. Suzuki, and T. Watanabe, Chem. Lett., 749 (1998);
56. (d) K. Kim, M. K. Ryu, D. K. Kim, and S. M. Lee, Macromolecules, 31, 1114 (1998);
57. (e) Z. Peng, Z. Bao, and M. E. Galvin, Chem. Mater., 10, 2086 (1998);
58. (f) S. Wang, W. Hua, F. Zhang, and Y. Wang, Synth. Metals, 99, 249 (1999);
59. (g) X. Z. Jiang, Y. Q. Liu, X. Q. Song, and D. B. Zhu, Synth. Metals, 91, 311 (1997);
60. (h) Y. Yang, H. Jiang, S. Liu, X. Zhou, F. Wang, F. Wu, W. Tian, Y. Ma, and J. Shen, Synth. Metals, 91, 335 (1997);
61. (i) H. Kusano, S. Hosaka, N. Shiraishi, S. Kawakami, K. Sugioka, M. Kitagawa, K. Ichino, and H. Kobayashi, Synth. Metals, 91, 337 (1997);
62. (j) S. Berlab, W. Brüttig, M. Schwoerer, R. Wehrmann, and A. Elschner, J. Appl. Phys., 83, 4403 (1998);
63. (k) W. Brüttig, S. Berlab, G. Egerer, M. Schwoerer, R. Wehrmann, and A. Elschner, Synth. Metals, 91, 325 (1997);
64. (l) D. D. Gebler, Y. Z. Wang, S. W. Jessen, J. W. Blatchford, A. G. MacDiarmid, T. M. Swager, D. K. Fu, and A. J. Epstein, Synth. Metals, 85, 1205 (1997).
65. th Ed., by J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut, and E. A. Grulke, John Wiley & Son, 1999, p. 181.
66. (a) D. J. Williams, Macromolecules, 5, 602 (1972);
67. (b) S. Yoshimoto, Y, Akana, A. Kimura, H. Hirata, S. Kusabayashi, and H. Mikawa, Chem. Commun., 987 (1969).
68. rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1991, p. 54.
69. th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 13, 1991, p. 125.
70. (a) H. D. Abruna, A. Y. Teng, G. J. Samuels, and T. J. Meyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 6745 (1979);
71. (b) A. A. Farah and W. J. Pietro, Polymer Bulletin, 43, 135 (1999);
72. (c) A. A. Farah and W. J. Pietro, Polymer Journal (to be submitted) (1999).
73. (a) B. R. Hsieh, M. H. Litt, and K. Abbey, Macromolecules, 19, 521 (1986);
74. (b) J. W. Park, J. H. Lee, J. M. Ko, H. N. Cho, and S. K. Choi, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 32, 2789 (1994).
75. A. J. Bard and P. J. Peerce, J. Electroanal. Chem., 114, 89 (1980).
76. K. Itaya and A. J. Bard, J Anal. Chem., 50, 1487 (1978).
77. M. S. Wrighton, M. C. Pallazzotto, A. B. Bocarsly, J. M. Bolts, A. B. Fisher, and L. Nadjo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 7264 (1978).
78. (a) J. R. Lenhard and R. W. Murray, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 7870 (1978);
79. (b) K. Kuo, P. R. Moses, J. R. Lenhard, D. C. Green, and R. W. Murray, Anal. Chem., 51, 745 (1979);
80. (c) D. F. Smith, K. William, K. Kuo, and R. W. Murray, J. Electroanal. Chem., 95, 217 (1979).