The time-conditioned approach in dynamic programming search for LVCSR

IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 676-686

  Ortmanns, Stefan ^a   Ney, Hermann ^b  

^a Philps Speech Processing   (Germany)

^b RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Beam search; Dynamic programming; Large vocabulary speech recognition; One pass dp search; Search organization; Time conditioned dp search

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; APPROXIMATION THEORY; DECISION THEORY; DECODING; DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING; GRAPH THEORY; MARKOV PROCESSES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PROBABILITY; SPEECH CODING; VECTORS;

BEAM SEARCH; LARGE VOCABULARY CONTINUOUS SPEECH RECOGNITION; SEARCH ORGANIZATION; STACK DECODING; TIME CONDITIONED SEARCH;

CONTINUOUS SPEECH RECOGNITION;

EID: 0034321517     PISSN: 10636676     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/89.876301     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. F. Alleva, X. Huang, and M.-Y. Hwang, "Improvements on the pronunciation prefix tree search organization," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Atlanta, GA, May 1996, pp. 133-136.
2. L. R. Bahl, F. Jelinek, and R. L. Mercer, "A maximum likelihood approach to continuous speech recognition," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intel!., vol. PAMI-5, pp. 179-190, Mar. 1983.
3. L. R. Bahl and F. Jelinek, "Decoding for channels with insertions, deletions and substitutions with applications to speech recognition," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-21, pp. 404-411, July 1975.
4. J. K. Baker, "Stochastic modeling for automatic speech understanding," in Speech Recognition, D. R. Reddy, Ed. New York: Academic, 1975, pp. 512-542.
5. R. E. Bellman, Dynamic Programming. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1957.
6. E. Bocchieri, "Vector quantization for the dfficient computation of continuous density likelihoods," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Minneapolis, MN, Apr. 1993, pp. 692-695.
7. C. Dugast, R. Kneser, X. Aubert, S. Ortmanns, K. Beulen, and H. Key, "Continuous speech recognition tests and results for the NAB'94 corpus," in Proc. ARPA Spoken Language Technology Workshop, Austin, TX, Jan. 1995, pp. 156-161.
8. P. S. Gopalakrishnan, L. R. Bahl, and R. L. Mercer, "A tree-search strategy for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Detroit, MI, May 1995, pp. 572-575.
9. R. Haeb-Umbach and H. Ney, "Improvements in time-synchronous beam search for 10000-word continuous speech recognition," IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Processing, vol. 2, pp. 353-356, Apr. 1994.
10. F. Kubala, "Design of the 1994 CSR benchmark tests,"-jn Proc. ARPA Spoken Language Technology Workshop, Austin, TX, Jan. 1995, pp. 41-46.
11. B. T. Lowerre and R. Reddy, 'The HARPY speech understanding system," in Trends in Speech Recognition, W. A. Lea, Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980, pp. 340-360.
12. H. Ney, R. Haeb-Umbach, B.-H.Tran, and M. Oerder, "Improvements in beam search for 10000-word continuous speech recognition," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, San Francisco, CA, Mar. 1992, pp. 13-16.
13. H. Ney, D. Mergel, A. Noll, and A. Paeseler, "Data driven organization of the dynamic programming beam search for continuous speech recognition," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 40, pp. 272-281, Feb. 1992.
14. H. Ney and S. Ortmanns, "Extensions to the word graph method for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition," Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 3, pp. 1787-1790, Apr. 1997.
15. J. J. Odell, V. Valtchev, P. C. Woodland, and S. J. Young, "A one-pass decoder design for large vocabulary recognition," in ARPA Spoken Language Technology Workshop, Plainsboro, NJ, Mar. 1994, pp. 405-410.
16. M. Oerder and H. Ney, "Word graphs: An efficient interface between continuous speech recognition and language understanding," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 2, Minneapolis, MN, Apr. 1993, pp. 119-122.
17. S. Ortmanns, H. Ney, F. Seide, and I. Lindam, "A comparison of time conditioned and word conditioned search techniques for large vocabulary speech recognition," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Spoken Language Processing, Philadelphia, PA, Oct. 1996, pp. 2091-2094.
18. S. Ortmanns, A. Eiden, H. Ney, and N. Coenen, "Look-ahead techniques for fast beam search," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 3, Munich, Germany, Apr. 1997, pp. 1783-1786.
19. S. Ortmanns, H. Ney, and X. Aubert, "A word graph algorithm for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition," Computer, Speech, Language, vol. 11, pp. 43-72, Jan. 1997.
20. S. Ortmanns, H. Ney, and T. Firzlaff, "Fast likelihood computation methods for continuous mixture densities in large vocabulary speech recognition," in Proc. 5th Eur. Conf. Speech Communication Technology, Rhodes, Greece, Sept. 1997, pp. 143-146.
21. D. B. Paul, "Algorithms for an optimal A" search and linearizing the search in the stack decoder," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 1991, pp. 693-996.
22. "An efficient A' stack decoder algorithm for continuous speech recognition with a stochastic language model," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, San Francisco, CA, Mar. 1992, pp. 25-28.
23. S. Renais and M. Hochberg, "Efficient search using posterior phone probability estimates," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Detroit, MI, May 1995, pp. 596-599.
24. "Efficient dvaluation of the LVCSR search space using the NOWAY decoder," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Atlanta, GA, May 1996, pp. 149-152.
25. H. Sakoe, 'Two-level DP matching-A dynamic programming-based pattern matching algorithm for connected word recognition," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-27, pp. 588-595, Dec. 1979.
26. R. Schwartz and S. Austin, "A comparison of several approximate algorithms for finding multiple (N-best) sentence hypotheses," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 1991, pp. 701-704.
27. V. Steinbiss, B.-H. Tran, and H. Ney, "Improvements in beam search," in Proc. Int. Conf. Spoken Language Processing, Yokohama, Japan, Sept. 1994, pp. 1355-1358.
28. F. Wessel, S. Ortmanns, and H. Ney, "Implementation of word based statistical language models," in Proc. SQEL Workshop on Multi-Lingual Information Retrieval Dialogs, Pilsen, Czech Republic, April 1997, pp. 55-59.