메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 113-123

Anaesthesia and critical care considerations in nerve agent warfare trauma casualties

Author keywords

Anesthesia; Critical care; Nerve agent; Pyridostigmine; Toxic trauma casualties

Indexed keywords

ALCURONIUM; ATROPINE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ETOMIDATE; FENTANYL; INHALATION ANESTHETIC AGENT; KETAMINE; LIDOCAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; METHYLPHOSPHONOTHIOIC ACID S (2 DIISOPROPYLAMINOETHYL) O ETHYL ESTER; MORPHINE; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT; NEUROTOXIN; OPIATE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUND; OXIME; PETHIDINE; PROPOFOL; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; REMIFENTANIL; SARIN; SCOPOLAMINE; SOMAN; SUXAMETHONIUM; TABUN; THIOPENTAL; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 0034306912     PISSN: 03009572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9572(00)00216-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (82)
  • 2
    • 0026342905 scopus 로고
    • Medical aspects of the Iraqi missile attacks on Israel
    • Karsenty E., Shemer J., Alshech I., et al. Medical aspects of the Iraqi missile attacks on Israel. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 27:(11/12):1991;603-607.
    • (1991) Isr. J. Med. Sci. , vol.27 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 603-607
    • Karsenty, E.1    Shemer, J.2    Alshech, I.3
  • 3
    • 0026343591 scopus 로고
    • Eighty years of the threat and use of chemical warfare: The medical-organizational challenge
    • Shemer J., Danon Y.L. Eighty years of the threat and use of chemical warfare: the medical-organizational challenge. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 27:(11/12):1991;608-612.
    • (1991) Isr. J. Med. Sci. , vol.27 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 608-612
    • Shemer, J.1    Danon, Y.L.2
  • 4
    • 0026337852 scopus 로고
    • Civilian-military health services contingency program for a mass casualty situation and wartime in Israel
    • Shemer J., Heller O., Danon Y.L. Civilian-military health services contingency program for a mass casualty situation and wartime in Israel. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 27:(11/12):1991;613-615.
    • (1991) Isr. J. Med. Sci. , vol.27 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 613-615
    • Shemer, J.1    Heller, O.2    Danon, Y.L.3
  • 5
    • 0026344224 scopus 로고
    • Outline for hospital organization for a chemical warfare attack
    • Shapira Y., Bar Y., Berkenstadt H., Atsmon J., Danon Y.L. Outline for hospital organization for a chemical warfare attack. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 27:(11/12):1991;616-622.
    • (1991) Isr. J. Med. Sci. , vol.27 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 616-622
    • Shapira, Y.1    Bar, Y.2    Berkenstadt, H.3    Atsmon, J.4    Danon, Y.L.5
  • 6
    • 0026335075 scopus 로고
    • Combined chemical and conventional injuries - Pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic effects
    • Berkenstadt H., Marganit B., Atsmon J. Combined chemical and conventional injuriespathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic effects. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 27:(11/12):1991;623-626.
    • (1991) Isr. J. Med. Sci. , vol.27 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 623-626
    • Berkenstadt, H.1    Marganit, B.2    Atsmon, J.3
  • 7
    • 0018750636 scopus 로고
    • The protection of primates against soman poisoning by pretreatment with pyridostigmine
    • Dirnhuber P., French M.C., Green D.M., Leadbeater L., Stratton J.A. The protection of primates against soman poisoning by pretreatment with pyridostigmine. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 31:(5):1979;295-299.
    • (1979) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 295-299
    • Dirnhuber, P.1    French, M.C.2    Green, D.M.3    Leadbeater, L.4    Stratton, J.A.5
  • 8
    • 77957180150 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of oral pyridostigmine and cholinolytic-oxime therapy against soman intoxication in nonhuman primates
    • Von Bredow J.D., Adams N.L., Groff W.A., Vick J.A. Effectiveness of oral pyridostigmine and cholinolytic-oxime therapy against soman intoxication in nonhuman primates. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 17:(4):1991;761-770.
    • (1991) Fund. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 761-770
    • Von Bredow, J.D.1    Adams, N.L.2    Groff, W.A.3    Vick, J.A.4
  • 9
    • 0025107688 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory failure of acute organophospate and carbamate poisoning
    • Tsao T.C., Juang Y.C., Lan R.S., Shieh W.B., Lee C.H. Respiratory failure of acute organophospate and carbamate poisoning. Chest. 98:(8):1990;631-636.
    • (1990) Chest , vol.98 , Issue.8 , pp. 631-636
    • Tsao, T.C.1    Juang, Y.C.2    Lan, R.S.3    Shieh, W.B.4    Lee, C.H.5
  • 10
    • 0015042946 scopus 로고
    • Poisoning due to OP insecticides. Acute and chronic manifestations
    • Namba T., Nolte C.T., Jackrel J., Grob D. Poisoning due to OP insecticides. Acute and chronic manifestations. Am. J. Med. 50:(4):1971;475-492.
    • (1971) Am. J. Med. , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 475-492
    • Namba, T.1    Nolte, C.T.2    Jackrel, J.3    Grob, D.4
  • 11
    • 0015243394 scopus 로고
    • Prevention and management of organophosphate poisoning
    • Milby T.H. Prevention and management of organophosphate poisoning. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 216:(13):1971;2131-2133.
    • (1971) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.216 , Issue.13 , pp. 2131-2133
    • Milby, T.H.1
  • 12
    • 0026335081 scopus 로고
    • Survey of symptoms following intake of pyridostigmine during the Persian Gulf War
    • Sharabi Y., Danon Y.L., Berkenstadt H., et al. Survey of symptoms following intake of pyridostigmine during the Persian Gulf War. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 27:(11/12):1991;656-658.
    • (1991) Isr. J. Med. Sci. , vol.27 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 656-658
    • Sharabi, Y.1    Danon, Y.L.2    Berkenstadt, H.3
  • 15
    • 0021844145 scopus 로고
    • Pyridostigmine kinetics in healthy subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis
    • Breyer-Pfaf U., Maier U., Brinkman A.M., Schumm F. Pyridostigmine kinetics in healthy subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 37:(5):1985;495-501.
    • (1985) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 495-501
    • Breyer-Pfaf, U.1    Maier, U.2    Brinkman, A.M.3    Schumm, F.4
  • 16
    • 0014602334 scopus 로고
    • Use of pyridostigmine for the reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade
    • McNall P.G., Wolfson B., Tuazon J.G., Siker E.S. Use of pyridostigmine for the reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade. Anesth. Analg. 48:(6):1969;1026-1032.
    • (1969) Anesth. Analg. , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 1026-1032
    • McNall, P.G.1    Wolfson, B.2    Tuazon, J.G.3    Siker, E.S.4
  • 17
    • 0025106961 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between nerve agent pretreatment and drugs commonly used in combat anaesthesia
    • Keeler J.R. Interactions between nerve agent pretreatment and drugs commonly used in combat anaesthesia. Mil. Med. 155:(11):1990;527-533.
    • (1990) Mil. Med. , vol.155 , Issue.11 , pp. 527-533
    • Keeler, J.R.1
  • 19
    • 0021262312 scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory effects of protective devices during exercise in well trained men
    • Louhevaara V., Tuomi T., Korhonen O., Jaakkola J. Cardiorespiratory effects of protective devices during exercise in well trained men. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 52:(3):1984;340-345.
    • (1984) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 340-345
    • Louhevaara, V.1    Tuomi, T.2    Korhonen, O.3    Jaakkola, J.4
  • 21
    • 0000802592 scopus 로고
    • Further therapeutic experience with pralidoximes in organic phosphorus poisoning
    • Quinby G.E. Further therapeutic experience with pralidoximes in organic phosphorus poisoning. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 187:1964;202-206.
    • (1964) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.187 , pp. 202-206
    • Quinby, G.E.1
  • 22
    • 0000558433 scopus 로고
    • PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) therapy for alkylphosphate poisoning
    • Namba T., Hiraki K. PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) therapy for alkylphosphate poisoning. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 166:1958;1834-1839.
    • (1958) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.166 , pp. 1834-1839
    • Namba, T.1    Hiraki, K.2
  • 23
    • 0017807282 scopus 로고
    • The protection of animals against organophosphate poisoning by pretreatment with a carbamate
    • Gordon J.J., Leadbeater L., Maidment M.P. The protection of animals against organophosphate poisoning by pretreatment with a carbamate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 43:(1):1978;207-216.
    • (1978) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 207-216
    • Gordon, J.J.1    Leadbeater, L.2    Maidment, M.P.3
  • 24
    • 0025893153 scopus 로고
    • Pyridostigmine used as a nerve agent pretreatment under wartime conditions
    • Keeler J.R., Hurst C.G., Dunn M.A. Pyridostigmine used as a nerve agent pretreatment under wartime conditions. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 266:(5):1991;693-695.
    • (1991) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.266 , Issue.5 , pp. 693-695
    • Keeler, J.R.1    Hurst, C.G.2    Dunn, M.A.3
  • 25
    • 0027509202 scopus 로고
    • Atropine and oxime treatment in lethal soman poisoning of anaesthetized guinea-pigs: Hlö 7 dimethanesulfide versus HI 6 dichloride
    • Worek F., Szinicz L. Atropine and oxime treatment in lethal soman poisoning of anaesthetized guinea-pigs: Hlö 7 dimethanesulfide versus HI 6 dichloride. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 72:(1):1993;13-21.
    • (1993) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.72 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-21
    • Worek, F.1    Szinicz, L.2
  • 26
    • 84970441457 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the possible central and peripheral effects in man of a cholinesterase inhibitor (pyridostigmine)
    • Borland R.G., Brennan D.H., Nicholson A.N., Smith P.A. Studies on the possible central and peripheral effects in man of a cholinesterase inhibitor (pyridostigmine). Hum. Toxicol. 4:(3):1985;293-300.
    • (1985) Hum. Toxicol. , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 293-300
    • Borland, R.G.1    Brennan, D.H.2    Nicholson, A.N.3    Smith, P.A.4
  • 27
    • 77957183161 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of pyridostigmine with cardiopulmonary system and their relationship to plasma cholinesterase activity
    • Caldwell R.W., Lowensohn H.S., Chryssanthis M.A., Nash C.B. Interactions of pyridostigmine with cardiopulmonary system and their relationship to plasma cholinesterase activity. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 12:(3):1989;432-441.
    • (1989) Fund. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 432-441
    • Caldwell, R.W.1    Lowensohn, H.S.2    Chryssanthis, M.A.3    Nash, C.B.4
  • 28
    • 0026615784 scopus 로고
    • Hlö 7 dimethanesulfonate, a potent bispiridinium-dioxime against anticholinesterases
    • Eyer P., Hagedorn I., Klimmek R., et al. Hlö 7 dimethanesulfonate, a potent bispiridinium-dioxime against anticholinesterases. Arch. Toxicol. 66:1992;603-621.
    • (1992) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.66 , pp. 603-621
    • Eyer, P.1    Hagedorn, I.2    Klimmek, R.3
  • 29
    • 0018579325 scopus 로고
    • Ganglion blocking properties of some bispyridinium soman antagonists
    • Lundy P.M., Tremblay K.P. Ganglion blocking properties of some bispyridinium soman antagonists. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 60:(1):1979;53-74.
    • (1979) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-74
    • Lundy, P.M.1    Tremblay, K.P.2
  • 30
    • 0027239762 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of acute cardiovascular and respiratory toxicity of Hlö 7 dimethanesulfonate and HI 6 dichloride in anesthetized guinea-pigs
    • Worek F., Szinicz L. Investigation of acute cardiovascular and respiratory toxicity of Hlö 7 dimethanesulfonate and HI 6 dichloride in anesthetized guinea-pigs. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 73:(2):1993;91-95.
    • (1993) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-95
    • Worek, F.1    Szinicz, L.2
  • 31
    • 0029087584 scopus 로고
    • Effect of pyridostigmine pretreatment on cardiorespiratory function in tabun poisoning
    • Worek F., Kleine A., Szinicz L. Effect of pyridostigmine pretreatment on cardiorespiratory function in tabun poisoning. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 14:(8):1995;634-642.
    • (1995) Hum. Exp. Toxicol. , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 634-642
    • Worek, F.1    Kleine, A.2    Szinicz, L.3
  • 32
    • 0029113156 scopus 로고
    • Sarin poisoning in Matsumoto, Japan
    • Morita H., Yanagisawa N., Nakajima T., et al. Sarin poisoning in Matsumoto, Japan. Lancet. 346:(8970):1995;290-293.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , Issue.8970 , pp. 290-293
    • Morita, H.1    Yanagisawa, N.2    Nakajima, T.3
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0028304073 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological approach to surgical management of the casualties of war
    • Coupland R.M. Epidemiological approach to surgical management of the casualties of war. Br. Med. J. 308:(6945):1994;1693-1697.
    • (1994) Br. Med. J. , vol.308 , Issue.6945 , pp. 1693-1697
    • Coupland, R.M.1
  • 35
    • 0026446681 scopus 로고
    • Triage of war wounded: The experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross
    • Coupland R.M., Parker P.J., Gray R.C. Triage of war wounded: The experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Injury. 23:(8):1992;507-510.
    • (1992) Injury , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 507-510
    • Coupland, R.M.1    Parker, P.J.2    Gray, R.C.3
  • 36
    • 0029951072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarin: Guidelines on the management of victims of a nerve gas attack
    • Volans A.P. Sarin: guidelines on the management of victims of a nerve gas attack. J. Accid. Emerg. Med. 13:(3):1996;202-206.
    • (1996) J. Accid. Emerg. Med. , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 202-206
    • Volans, A.P.1
  • 37
    • 0032175139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terror in Japan: Mass-intoxication with the nerve agent sarin
    • Solberg Y., Nachtomi-Shick O., Sehmer Y., Alcalay M. Terror in Japan: mass-intoxication with the nerve agent sarin. Harefuah. 135:(7/8):1998;268-271.
    • (1998) Harefuah , vol.135 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 268-271
    • Solberg, Y.1    Nachtomi-Shick, O.2    Sehmer, Y.3    Alcalay, M.4
  • 38
    • 0030696033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between pupil size and acetylcholinesterase activity in patients exposed to sarin vapor
    • Nozaki H., Hori S., Shinozawa Y., et al. Relationship between pupil size and acetylcholinesterase activity in patients exposed to sarin vapor. Int. Care Med. 23:1997;1005-1007.
    • (1997) Int. Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 1005-1007
    • Nozaki, H.1    Hori, S.2    Shinozawa, Y.3
  • 39
    • 0030788121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected nerve gas exposure in the city of Matsumoto: Report of rescue activity in the first Sarin gas terrorism
    • Okudera H., Morita H., Iwashita T., et al. Unexpected nerve gas exposure in the city of Matsumoto: report of rescue activity in the first Sarin gas terrorism. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 15:1997;527-528.
    • (1997) Am. J. Emerg. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 527-528
    • Okudera, H.1    Morita, H.2    Iwashita, T.3
  • 40
    • 0029564150 scopus 로고
    • Secondary exposure of medical staff to Sarin vapor in the emergency room
    • Nozaki H., Hori S., Shinozawa Y., et al. Secondary exposure of medical staff to Sarin vapor in the emergency room. Int. Care Med. 21:(12):1995;1032-1035.
    • (1995) Int. Care Med. , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 1032-1035
    • Nozaki, H.1    Hori, S.2    Shinozawa, Y.3
  • 41
    • 0030020532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular signs and symptoms caused by exposure to sarin gas
    • Kato T., Hamanaka T. Ocular signs and symptoms caused by exposure to sarin gas. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 121:(2):1996;209-210.
    • (1996) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-210
    • Kato, T.1    Hamanaka, T.2
  • 43
    • 0001811428 scopus 로고
    • Anaesthesia for casualties of chemical warfare agents
    • Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Department Center Part IV:
    • Baker DJ, Rustick JM. Anaesthesia for casualties of chemical warfare agents. In: Anaesthesia and perioperative care of the combat casualty. Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Department Center, 1995; Part IV: p. 850.
    • (1995) Anaesthesia and Perioperative Care of the Combat Casualty , pp. 850
    • Baker, D.J.1    Rustick, J.M.2
  • 44
    • 0030962848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac manifestations of acute carbamate and organophosphate poisoning
    • Saadeh A.M., Farsakh N.A., Ali M.K. Cardiac manifestations of acute carbamate and organophosphate poisoning. Heart. 77:(5):1997;461-464.
    • (1997) Heart , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 461-464
    • Saadeh, A.M.1    Farsakh, N.A.2    Ali, M.K.3
  • 46
    • 0033985012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary vasospasm in a patient suffering from sarin poisoning
    • Kato T., Yoshimoto N., Sawano M., Hamabe Y. Coronary vasospasm in a patient suffering from sarin poisoning. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 18:(1):2000;113-114.
    • (2000) Am. J. Emerg. Med. , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-114
    • Kato, T.1    Yoshimoto, N.2    Sawano, M.3    Hamabe, Y.4
  • 47
    • 0021207941 scopus 로고
    • The hypertensive response to soman and its relation to brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition
    • Benzenoff H.E., McCgee J., Knight V. The hypertensive response to soman and its relation to brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 55:(4):1984;270-277.
    • (1984) Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 270-277
    • Benzenoff, H.E.1    McCgee, J.2    Knight, V.3
  • 48
    • 0007789686 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic and parasympathomimetic drugs. Cholinesterases and anticholinesterases
    • M. Wood, & A.J.J. Wood. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins
    • Wood M. Cholinergic and parasympathomimetic drugs. Cholinesterases and anticholinesterases. Wood M., Wood A.J.J., Drugs and Anaesthesia. 1985;111-140 Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
    • (1985) Drugs and Anaesthesia , pp. 111-140
    • Wood, M.1
  • 49
    • 0014016188 scopus 로고
    • On the cholinergic-toxic psychosyndrome of prostigmine-treated myasthenics
    • Abel V.M., Kohlmeyer K. On the cholinergic-toxic psychosyndrome of prostigmine-treated myasthenics. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 91:(15):1966;699-703.
    • (1966) Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. , vol.91 , Issue.15 , pp. 699-703
    • Abel, V.M.1    Kohlmeyer, K.2
  • 50
    • 0020619317 scopus 로고
    • Airflow limitation in myasthenia gravis. The effect of acetylcholine esterase inhibitor therapy on airflow limitation
    • Shale D.J., Lane D.J., Davis C.J. Airflow limitation in myasthenia gravis. The effect of acetylcholine esterase inhibitor therapy on airflow limitation. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 128:(4):1983;618-621.
    • (1983) Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 618-621
    • Shale, D.J.1    Lane, D.J.2    Davis, C.J.3
  • 51
    • 0015173934 scopus 로고
    • Changes in respiratory mechanics in myasthenia gravis with therapy
    • Ringqvist I., Ringqvist T. Changes in respiratory mechanics in myasthenia gravis with therapy. Acta Med. Scand. 190:(6):1971;509-518.
    • (1971) Acta Med. Scand. , vol.190 , Issue.6 , pp. 509-518
    • Ringqvist, I.1    Ringqvist, T.2
  • 52
    • 0026316189 scopus 로고
    • The effect of pyridostigmine on respiratory function in healthy and asthmatic volunteers
    • Ram Z., Molcho M., Danon Y.L., et al. The effect of pyridostigmine on respiratory function in healthy and asthmatic volunteers. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 27:(11/12):1991;664-668.
    • (1991) Isr. J. Med. Sci. , vol.27 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 664-668
    • Ram, Z.1    Molcho, M.2    Danon, Y.L.3
  • 53
    • 0021635533 scopus 로고
    • Perioperative management of the patient with asthma
    • ingston H.G.G., Hirshman C.A. Perioperative management of the patient with asthma. Anesth. Analg. 63:(9):1984;844-855.
    • (1984) Anesth. Analg. , vol.63 , Issue.9 , pp. 844-855
    • Ingston, H.G.G.1    Hirshman, C.A.2
  • 54
    • 0022365534 scopus 로고
    • Emergency of real casualties during simulated chemical warfare training
    • Carter B.J., Cammermeyer M. Emergency of real casualties during simulated chemical warfare training. Mil. Med. 150:(12):1988;657-665.
    • (1988) Mil. Med. , vol.150 , Issue.12 , pp. 657-665
    • Carter, B.J.1    Cammermeyer, M.2
  • 55
    • 0019468440 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thiopental on tension development, action potential, and exchange of calcium and potassium in rabbit ventricular myocardium
    • Frankle W.S., Pool-Wilson P.A. Effects of thiopental on tension development, action potential, and exchange of calcium and potassium in rabbit ventricular myocardium. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 3:(3):1981;554-558.
    • (1981) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 554-558
    • Frankle, W.S.1    Pool-Wilson, P.A.2
  • 56
    • 0027439647 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and magnitude of hypoxaemia with ketamine in a rural African hospital
    • Pederson L., Benumof J. Incidence and magnitude of hypoxaemia with ketamine in a rural African hospital. Anaesthesia. 48:(1):1993;67-69.
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-69
    • Pederson, L.1    Benumof, J.2
  • 57
    • 0015369983 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine in the anesthetic management of asthmatic patients
    • Corssen G., Gutierrez G., Reves J.G., Huber F.C. Ketamine in the anesthetic management of asthmatic patients. Anesth. Analg. 51:(4):1972;588-599.
    • (1972) Anesth. Analg. , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 588-599
    • Corssen, G.1    Gutierrez, G.2    Reves, J.G.3    Huber, F.C.4
  • 58
    • 0018885147 scopus 로고
    • Induction of anaesthesia with etomidate: Hemodynamic study of 36 patients
    • Criado A., Maseda J., Navarro E., Escarpa A., Avello F. Induction of anaesthesia with etomidate: hemodynamic study of 36 patients. Br. J. Anaesth. 52:(8):1980;803-806.
    • (1980) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.52 , Issue.8 , pp. 803-806
    • Criado, A.1    Maseda, J.2    Navarro, E.3    Escarpa, A.4    Avello, F.5
  • 60
    • 0019297428 scopus 로고
    • Comparative cardiac contractile actions of six narcotic analgesics: Morphine, meperidine, pentazocine, fentanyl, methadone and L-alpha-acetylmetadol (LAAM)
    • Rendig S.V., Amsterdam E.A., Henderson G.L., Mason D.T. Comparative cardiac contractile actions of six narcotic analgesics: morphine, meperidine, pentazocine, fentanyl, methadone and L-alpha-acetylmetadol (LAAM). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 215:(1):1980;259-265.
    • (1980) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.215 , Issue.1 , pp. 259-265
    • Rendig, S.V.1    Amsterdam, E.A.2    Henderson, G.L.3    Mason, D.T.4
  • 61
    • 0031457178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam versus propofol for long-term sedation in the ICU: A randomized prospective comparison
    • Weinbroum A.A., Halpern P., Rudick V., Sorkine P., Freedman M., Geller E. Midazolam versus propofol for long-term sedation in the ICU: a randomized prospective comparison. Intensive Care Med. 23:(12):1997;1258-1264.
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med. , vol.23 , Issue.12 , pp. 1258-1264
    • Weinbroum, A.A.1    Halpern, P.2    Rudick, V.3    Sorkine, P.4    Freedman, M.5    Geller, E.6
  • 62
    • 0027444298 scopus 로고
    • Propofol induces bronchodilation in mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients
    • Conti G., Dell'Utri D., Vilardi V., et al. Propofol induces bronchodilation in mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 37:1993;105-109.
    • (1993) Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. , vol.37 , pp. 105-109
    • Conti, G.1    Dell'Utri, D.2    Vilardi, V.3
  • 63
    • 0029044375 scopus 로고
    • Wheezing during induction of general anaesthesia in patients with and without asthma. A randomized, blinded trial
    • Pizov R., Brown R.H., Weiss Y.S., et al. Wheezing during induction of general anaesthesia in patients with and without asthma. A randomized, blinded trial. Anesthesiology. 82:(5):1995;1111-1116.
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 1111-1116
    • Pizov, R.1    Brown, R.H.2    Weiss, Y.S.3
  • 64
    • 84961027135 scopus 로고
    • Effects in man of the anticholinesterase compound sarin
    • Grob D., Harvey J.C. Effects in man of the anticholinesterase compound sarin. J. Clin. Invest. 37:1958;350-368.
    • (1958) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.37 , pp. 350-368
    • Grob, D.1    Harvey, J.C.2
  • 65
    • 0025000491 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane and halothane with non-depolarizing muscle relaxants and their prejunctional effects at the neuromuscular junction
    • Kobayashi O., Ohta Y., Kosaka F. Interaction of sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane and halothane with non-depolarizing muscle relaxants and their prejunctional effects at the neuromuscular junction. Acta Med. Okayama. 44:(4):1990;209-215.
    • (1990) Acta Med. Okayama , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 209-215
    • Kobayashi, O.1    Ohta, Y.2    Kosaka, F.3
  • 66
    • 0020960588 scopus 로고
    • Histamine release by narcotics and muscle relaxants in humans
    • Moss J., Rosow C.E. Histamine release by narcotics and muscle relaxants in humans. Anesthesiology. 59:(4):1983;330-339.
    • (1983) Anesthesiology , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 330-339
    • Moss, J.1    Rosow, C.E.2
  • 67
    • 0027493985 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of the new short-acting opioid remifentanyl (GI87084B) in healthy adult male volunteers
    • Egan T.D., Lemmens H.J., Fiset P., et al. The pharmacokinetics of the new short-acting opioid remifentanyl (GI87084B) in healthy adult male volunteers. Anesthesiology. 79:(5):1993;881-892.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , Issue.5 , pp. 881-892
    • Egan, T.D.1    Lemmens, H.J.2    Fiset, P.3
  • 68
    • 0018124405 scopus 로고
    • Effects of neostigmine and pyridostigmine on duration of succinylcholine action and pseudocholinesterase activity
    • Sunew K.Y., Hicks R.G. Effects of neostigmine and pyridostigmine on duration of succinylcholine action and pseudocholinesterase activity. Anesthesiology. 49:(3):1978;188-191.
    • (1978) Anesthesiology , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 188-191
    • Sunew, K.Y.1    Hicks, R.G.2
  • 69
    • 0018176866 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged response to succinylcholine following physostigmine
    • Kopman A.F., Strachovsky G.S., Lichtenstein L. Prolonged response to succinylcholine following physostigmine. Anesthesiology. 49:(2):1978;142-143.
    • (1978) Anesthesiology , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 142-143
    • Kopman, A.F.1    Strachovsky, G.S.2    Lichtenstein, L.3
  • 70
    • 0026769050 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the endotracheal intubating conditions of rocuronium (ORG9426) and succinylcholine in outpatient surgery
    • Puhringer F.K., Khuen-Brady K.S., Koller J., Mitterschiffthaler G. Evaluation of the endotracheal intubating conditions of rocuronium (ORG9426) and succinylcholine in outpatient surgery. Anesth. Analg. 75:(1):1992;37-40.
    • (1992) Anesth. Analg. , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-40
    • Puhringer, F.K.1    Khuen-Brady, K.S.2    Koller, J.3    Mitterschiffthaler, G.4
  • 71
    • 0025232496 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of anticholinesterases and their effects on acetylcholine-activated ion channels
    • Wachtel R.E. Comparison of anticholinesterases and their effects on acetylcholine-activated ion channels. Anesthesiology. 72:(3):1990;426-427.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-427
    • Wachtel, R.E.1
  • 72
    • 0025970290 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pretreatment with pyridostigmine on subsequent activity of alcuronium in non-anesthetized subjects
    • Turner G.A., Williams J.D., Baker D.J. Effects of pretreatment with pyridostigmine on subsequent activity of alcuronium in non-anesthetized subjects. Br. J. Anaesth. 66:(3):1990;365-369.
    • (1990) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 365-369
    • Turner, G.A.1    Williams, J.D.2    Baker, D.J.3
  • 73
    • 0023764154 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular monitoring comparing the flexor hallucis brevis and adductor pollicis muscles
    • Sopher M.G., Sears D.H., Walts L.F. Neuromuscular monitoring comparing the flexor hallucis brevis and adductor pollicis muscles. Anesthesiology. 69:(1):1988;129-131.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 129-131
    • Sopher, M.G.1    Sears, D.H.2    Walts, L.F.3
  • 74
    • 0019417683 scopus 로고
    • Experience with the intensive care management of OP insecticide poisoning
    • DuToit P.W., Muller F.O., Van Tonder W.M., Ungerer M.J. Experience with the intensive care management of OP insecticide poisoning. S. Afr. Med. 60:(6):1981;227-229.
    • (1981) S. Afr. Med. , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 227-229
    • DuToit, P.W.1    Muller, F.O.2    Van Tonder, W.M.3    Ungerer, M.J.4
  • 75
    • 0028264905 scopus 로고
    • Isolated bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: A delayed complication of organophosphorous poisoning
    • DeSilva H.J., Sanmuganathan P.S., Senanayake N. Isolated bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: a delayed complication of organophosphorous poisoning. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 13:(3):1994;171-173.
    • (1994) Hum. Exp. Toxicol. , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 171-173
    • DeSilva, H.J.1    Sanmuganathan, P.S.2    Senanayake, N.3
  • 76
    • 0023123105 scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus insecticides. An intermediate syndrome
    • Senanayake N., Karalliedde L. Neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus insecticides. An intermediate syndrome. New Engl. J. Med. 316:(13):1987;761-763.
    • (1987) New Engl. J. Med. , vol.316 , Issue.13 , pp. 761-763
    • Senanayake, N.1    Karalliedde, L.2
  • 77
    • 0007742450 scopus 로고
    • Textbook of Pediatric Advanced Trauma Life Support.
    • American Heart Association, 1994. Textbook of Pediatric Advanced Trauma Life Support.
    • (1994) American Heart Association
  • 78
    • 0032884808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of chemical protective ensemble on intravenous line insertion by emergency medical technicians
    • Berkendtadt H., Arad M., Nachtomi O., Atsmon J. The effect of chemical protective ensemble on intravenous line insertion by emergency medical technicians. Mil. Med. 164:(10):1999;737-739.
    • (1999) Mil. Med. , vol.164 , Issue.10 , pp. 737-739
    • Berkendtadt, H.1    Arad, M.2    Nachtomi, O.3    Atsmon, J.4
  • 79
    • 0023869781 scopus 로고
    • Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning in infants and children
    • Zwiener R.J., Ginsburg C.M. Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning in infants and children. Pediatrics. 81:(5):1988;121-126.
    • (1988) Pediatrics , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 121-126
    • Zwiener, R.J.1    Ginsburg, C.M.2
  • 80
    • 0022481296 scopus 로고
    • Management of acute childhood poisoning by selected insecticides and herbicides
    • Mortensen M.L. Management of acute childhood poisoning by selected insecticides and herbicides. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 33:(2):1986;431-445.
    • (1986) Pediatr. Clin. North Am. , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 431-445
    • Mortensen, M.L.1
  • 81
    • 0032913657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbamate and organophosphate poisoning in young children
    • Lifshitz M., Shahak E., Sofer S. Carbamate and organophosphate poisoning in young children. Pediatr. Emerg. Care. 15:(2):1999;102-103.
    • (1999) Pediatr. Emerg. Care , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 102-103
    • Lifshitz, M.1    Shahak, E.2    Sofer, S.3
  • 82
    • 0007789688 scopus 로고
    • Textbook of Pediatric Advanced Life Support. American Academy of Pediatrics
    • The American Heart Association. Textbook of Pediatric Advanced Life Support. American Academy of Pediatrics, 1994;6:7-9.
    • (1994) The American Heart Association , vol.6 , pp. 7-9


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.