Optimal strategies for preventing progression of renal disease: Should angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers be used together?

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 465-472

  Komers, Radko ^a   Anderson, Sharon ^a  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR;

ANIMAL; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION; REVIEW;

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION, RENAL; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASES; RECEPTORS, ANGIOTENSIN; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM;

EID: 0034294906     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-000-0029-8     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Anderson S, Rennke HG, Brenner BM: Therapeutic advantage of converting enzyme inhibitors in arresting progressive renal disease associated with systemic hypertension in the rat. J Clin Invest 1986, 77: 1993-2000.
2. Erdos EG: Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Ann Rev Med 1976, 60: 749-759.
3. Campbell DJ, Kladis A, Duncan AM: Effects of converting enzyme inhibitors on angiotensin and bradykinin peptides. Hypertension 1994, 23: 439-449.
4. Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Chaudhuri G: EDRF generation and release from perfused bovine pulmonary artery and vein. Eur J Pharmacol 1990, 149: 79-88.
5. Kon V, Fogo A, Ichikawa I: Bradykinin causes selective efferent arteriolar dilation during angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition. Kidney Int 1993, 44: 545-550.
6. Mattson DL, Roman RJ: Role of kinins and angiotensin II in the renal hemodynamic response to captopril. Am J Physiol 1991, 260: F670-F679.
7. Heller J, Kramer HJ, Horacek C: The effect of kinin and prostaglandin inhibitors on the renal response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition: a micropuncture study in dogs. Eur J Physiol 1994, 427: 219-224.
8. Zimmerman BG, Raich PC, Vavreck RJ, et al.: BK contribution to renal blood flow, effect of ACE inhibitors in conscious sodium restricted dogs. Circ Res 1991, 66: 242-248.
9. Omoro SA, Majid DSA, El-Dahr SS, et al.: Kinin influences on renal regional blood flow responses to angiotensinconverting enzyme. Am J Physiol 1999, 276: F271-F277.
10. Siragy HM, Jaffa AA, Margolius HS: Stimulation of renal interstitial bradykinin by sodium depletion. Am J Hypertens 1993, 6: 863-866.
11. Komers R, Cooper ME: Acute renal hemodynamic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in diabetic hyperfiltration: the role of kinins. Am J Physiol 1995, 268: F588-F594.
12. Vora JP, Oyama TT, Thompson MM, et al.: Interactions of the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in experimental diabetes. Diabetes 1997, 46: 10 7-11 2.
13. Anderson S: Physiologic actions and molecular expression of the renin-angiotensin system in the diabetic rat. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1998, 24: 406-411.
14. Naitoh M, Suzuki H, Arakawa K, et al.: Role of kinin and renal Ang II blockade in acute effects of ACE inhibitors in low-renin hypertension. Am J Physiol 1997, 272: H679-H687.
15. Gainer JV, Morrow JD, Loveland A, et al.: Effect of bradykininreceptor blockade on the response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. N Engl J Med 1998, 339: 1285-1292.
16. Hutchison FN, Cui X, Webster SK: The antiproteinuric action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is dependent on kinin. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995, 6: 1216-1222.
17. Allen TJ, Cao Z, Youssef S, et al.: Role of angiotensin II and bradykinin in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Functional and structural studies. Diabetes 1997, 46: 1612-1618.
18. Wapstra F, Navis G, De Jong PE, et al.: Chronic angiotensin II infusion but not bradykinin blockade abolishes the antiproteinuric response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in established adriamycin nephrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000, 11: 490-496.
19. Nabokov A, Amann K, Gassmann P, et al.: The renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in experimental chronic renal failure is not dependent on enhanced kinin activity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998, 13: 173-176.
20. Andersen S, Tarnow L, Rossing P, et al.: Renoprotective effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2000, 57: 601-606.
21. Chappel MC, Pirro MT, Sykes A, et al.: Metabolism of angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertension 1998, 31: 362-367.
22. Ferrario CM, Chappell MC, Tallant A, et al.: Counterregulatory actions of angiotensin-(1-7). Hypertension 1997, 30: 535-541.
23. Kohara K, Brosnihan KB, Ferrario CM: Angiotensin-(1-7) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Peptides 1993, 14: 883-891.
24. Campbell DJ, Duncan AM, Kladis A, et al.: Angiotensin peptides in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Donryu rats. Hypertension 1995, 25: 928-934.
25. Benter IF, Diz DI, Ferrario CM: Cardiovascular actions of angiotensin-(1-7). Peptides 1993, 14: 679-684.
26. Osei SY, Ahima RS, Minkes RK, et al.: Differential responses to angiotensin-(1-7) in the feline mesenteric and hindquarters vascular beds. Eur J Pharmacol 1993, 235: 35-42.
27. Benter I F, Ferrario CM, Morris M, et al.: Antihypertensive actions of angiotensin-(1-7) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1995, 269: H313-H319.
28. Iyer SN, Ferrario CM, Chappell MC: Angiotensin-(1-7) contributes to the antihypertensive effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension 1998, 31: 356-361.
29. Handa RK, Ferrario CM, Strandhoy JW: Renal actions of angiotensin-(1-7): in vivo and in vitro studies. Am J Physiol 1996, 270: F141-F147.
30. Paula RD, Lima CV, Khosla MC, et al.: Angiotensin-(1-7) potentiates hypotensive effect of bradykinin in conscious rats. Hypertension 1995, 26: 1154-1159.
31. Brosnihan KB, Li P, Ferrario CM: Angiotensin-(1-7) dilates canine coronary arteries through kinins and nitric oxide. Hypertension 1996, 27: 523-528.
32. Tallant EA, Diz DI, Ferrario CM: Antiproliferative actions of angiotensin-(1-7) in vascular smooth muscle. Hypertension 1999, 34: 950-957.
33. Ferrario CM, Martell N, Yunis C, Flack JM, et al.: Characterization of angiotensin-(1-7) in the urine of normal and essential hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens 1998, 11: 137-146.
34. Juillerat L, Nussberger J, Menard J, et al.: Determinants of angiotensin II generation during converting enzyme inhibition. Hypertension 1994, 16: 564-572.
35. Rousseau MF, Konstam MA, Benedict CR: Progression of left ventricular dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease, sustained neurohumoral activation and effects of ibopamine therapy during long-term therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Am J Cardiol 1994, 73: 488-493.
36. Van Den Meiracker AH, Man In't Veld AJ, Admiraal PJ, et al.: Partial escape of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition during prolonged ACE inhibitor treatment: does it exist and does it affect the antihypertensive response? J Hypertens 1992, 10: 803-812.
37. Urata H, Strobel F, Ganten D: Widespread distribution of human chymase. J Hypertens 1994, 12: S17-S22.
38. Okunishi H, Oka Y, Shiota N, et al.: Marked species-difference in the vascular angiotensin II-forming pathways: humans versus rodents. Jpn J Pharmacol 1993, 62: 207-210.
39. Kinoshita A, Urata H, Bumpus FM, et al.: Multiple determinants for the high substrate specificity of an angiotensin II-forming chymase from the human heart. J Biol Chem 1991, 266: 17173-17179.
40. Murakami M, Matsuda H, Kubota E, et al.: Role of angiotensin II generated by angiotensin converting enzyme-independent pathways in canine kidney. Kidney Int 1997, 52: S132-S135.
41. Hollenberg NK, Fisher NDL, Price DA: Pathways for angiotensin II generation in intact human tissue. Evidence from comparative pharmacological interruption of the renin system. Hypertension 1998, 32: 387-392.
42. Jorde UP, Ennezat PV, Lisker J, et al.: Maximally recommended doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not completely prevent ACE-mediated formation of angiotensin II in chronic heart failure. Circulation 2000, 101: 844-846.
43. Tsuzuki S, Matoba T, Eguchi S, et al.: Angiotensin II type 2 receptor inhibits cell proliferation and activates tyrosine phosphatase. Hypertension 1996, 28: 9 1 6-9 1 8.
44. Nakajima M, Hutchinson HG, Fuginaga M, et al.: The angiotensin II type 2(AT2) receptor antagonizes the growth effects of the AT1 receptor: gain-of-function study using gene transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 82: 10663-10667.
45. Yamada T, Horiuchi M, Dzau V: Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996, 93: 156-160.
46. Janiak P, Pillon A, Prost J F, et al.: Role of angiotensin subtype 2 receptor in neointima formation after vascular injury. Hypertension 1992, 20: 737-745.
47. Morrissey JJ, Klahr S: Effect of AT2 receptor blockade on the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol 1999, 276: F39-F45.
48. Levy BI, Benessiano J, Henrion D, et al.: Chronic blockade of AT2-subtype receptors prevents the effect of angiotensin II on the rat vascular structure. J Clin Invest 1996, 98: 18-425.
49. Wolf G, Ziyadeh FN, Thaiss F, et al.: Angiotensin II stimulates expression of the chemokine RANTES in rat glomerular endothelial cell. Role of angiotensin type 2 receptor. J Clin Invest 1997, 100: 1047-1058.
50. Ma J, Nishimura H, Fogo A, et al.: Accelerated fibrosis and collagen deposition develop in the renal interstitium of angiotensin type II. Kidney Int 1998, 53: 937-944.
51. Hunley TE, Masaaki T, Stoneking BJ, et al.: The angiotensin type II receptor tonically inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme in AT2 null mutant mice. Kidney Int 2000, 57: 570-577.
52. Liu Y-H, Yang X-P, Sharov VG, et al.: Effects of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in rats with heart failure. Role of kinins and angiotensin II type 2 receptors. J Clin Invest 1997, 99: 1926-1935.
53. Gohlke P, Pees C, Unger T: AT2 receptor stimulation increases aortic cyclic GMP in SHRSP by a kinin-dependent mechanism. Hypertension 1998, 31: 349-355.
54. Siragy HM, Carey RM: The subtype-2 (AT2) angiotensin receptor mediates renal production of nitric oxide in conscious rats. J Clin Invest 1997, 100: 264-269.
55. Rodrigo E, Maeso R, Munoz-Garcia R, et al.: Endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats: consequences of chronic treatment with losartan or captopril. J Hypertens 1997, 15: 613-618.
56. Hashimoto Y, Kurosawa Y, Minami K, et al.: A novel angiotensin II-receptor antagonist, 606A, induces regression of cardiac hypertrophy, augments endothelium-dependent relaxation and improves renal function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998, 76: 185-192.
57. Komers R, Komersova K, Kazdova L, et al.: Effect of ACE inhibition and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade on renal and blood pressure response to l-arginine in humans. J Hypertens 2000, 18: 51-59.
58. Campbell DJ, Kladis A, Valentijn AJ: Effects of losartan on angiotensin and bradykinin peptides and angiotensinconverting enzyme. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995, 26: 233-240.
59. Gansevoort RT, De Zeeuw D: The antihypertensive and renal effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonists: remaining questions. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2000, 9: 57-61.
60. Cervenka L, Wang C-T, Mitchell KD, et al.: Proximal tubular angiotensin II levels and renal functional responses to AT1 receptor blockade in nonclipped kidneys of Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999, 33: 10 2-10 7.
61. Ots M, MacKenzie HS, Troy JL, et al.: Effects of combination therapy with enalapril and losartan on the rate of progression of renal injury in rats with 5/6 renal mass ablation. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9: 224-230. In this study, combination treatment with an ACE inhibitor and AT1 receptor blocker was not more effective than an ACE inhibitor or AT1 receptor blocker alone in retarding the progression of renal failure in rats with reduced renal mass.
62. Burdmann EA, Andoh TF, Nast CC, et al.: Prevention of experimental cyclosporine-induced interstitial fibrosis by losartan and enalapril. Am J Physiol 1995, 269: F491-F499.
63. Richer C, Bruneval P, Menard J, et al.: Additive effects of enalapril and losartan in (mREN-2) 27 transgenic rats. Hypertension 1998, 31: 692-698.
64. Mervaala E, Dehmel B, Gross V, et al.: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade modify the pressure-natriuresis relationship by additive mechanisms in rats with human renin and angiotensinogen genes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999, 10: 1699-1680. This study suggests additive effects of an ACE inhibitor/AT1 receptor blocker combination in rats with enhanced activity of the RAS.
65. Azizi M, Chatellier G, Guyene T-T, et al.: Additive effects of combined angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II antagonism on blood pressure and renin release in sodium-depleted normotensives. Circulation 1995, 92: 825-834. This study, like the one above by Mervaala et al., also suggests additive effects of an ACE inhibitor/AT1 receptor blocker combination in rats with enhanced activity of the RAS.
66. Azizi M, Guyene T-T, Chatellier G, et al.: Additive effects of losartan and enalapril on blood pressure and plasma active renin. Hypertension 1997, 29: 634-640. One of the first clinical reports suggesting that better blockade of the RAS can be achieved by the combination of an ACE inhibitor and AT1 receptor blocker compared with single-agent therapy.
67. Hebert LA, Falkenheim ME, Nahman NS, et al.: Combination ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 1999, 19: 1-6.
68. Russo D, Pisani A, Balletta MM, et al.: Additive antiproteinuric effect of converting enzyme inhibitor and losartan in normotensive patients with IgA nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 1999, 33: 851-856. So far the only clinical study suggesting additive effects of an ACE inhibitor and AT1 receptor blocker in nephroprotection.
69. McKelvie RS, Yusuf S, Pericak D, et al.: Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure. Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. The RESOLVD pilot study investigators. Circulation 1999, 100: 1056-1064.