Directional loudspeakers using sound beams

AES: Journal of the Audio Engineering Society

Volumn 48, Issue 10, 2000, Pages 908-916

  Havelock, David I ^a   Brammer, Anthony J ^a  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC ARRAYS; ACOUSTIC FIELDS; ACOUSTIC NOISE; ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCERS; AUDIO ACOUSTICS; PARKS; RECREATION CENTERS; REVERBERATION;

DIRECTIONAL LOUDSPEAKERS;

LOUDSPEAKERS;

EID: 0034293788     PISSN: 00047554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. H. Nomura, H. Miyata, and T. Houtgast, "Speech Intelligibility Enhancement by a Linear Loudspeaker Array in a Reverberant Field," Acustica, vol. 77, pp. 253-261 (1993).
2. H. F. Olson, "Gradient Loudspeakers," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 21, pp. 86-93 (1973 Mar.).
3. M. R. Gander and J. M. Eargle, "Measurement and Estimation of Large Loudspeaker Array Performance," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 38, pp. 204-220 (1990 Apr.).
4. D. G. Meyer, "Multiple-Beam Electronically Steered Line-Source Arrays for Sound-Reinforcement Applications," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 38, pp. 237-249 (1990 Apr.).
5. J. Lardies and J. P. Guilhot, "A Very Wide Bandwidth Constant Beamwidth Acoustical End-Fire Line Array without Side Lobes," J. Sound Vib., vol. 120, pp. 557-566 (1988).
6. J. A. Harrell and E. L. Hixson, "An Array Filtering Implementation of a Constant-Beamwidth Acoustic Source," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 38, pp. 221-230 (1990 Apr.).
7. J. A. Harrell and E. L. Hixson, "Constant-Beamwidth One-Octave Bandwidth End-Fire Line Array of Loudspeakers," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 43, pp. 581-591 (1995 July/Aug.).
8. Y. Ma, B. Zhang, and D. Vray, "Beamforming for Broadband Constant Beamwidth through FIR Filter and DSP Implementation," in Proc. 16th ICA and 135th Meeting of the ASA (Seattle, WA, 1998 June 20-26), pp. 1321-1322.
9. D. L. Klepper and D. W. Steele, "Constant Directional Characteristics from a Line Source Array," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 11, pp. 198-202 (1963 July).
10. K. R. Holland and F. J. Fahy, "A Low-Cost End-Fire Acoustic Radiator," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 39, pp. 540-550 (1991 July/Aug.).
11. W. P. Mason and R. N. Marshall, "A Tubular Directional Microphone," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 10, pp. 206-215 (1939 Jan.).
12. M. Yoneyama, J. Fujimoto, Y. Kawamo, and S. Sasabe, "The Audio Spotlight: An Application of Nonlinear Interaction of Sound Waves to a New Type of Loudspeaker Design," J. Acoust. Soc Am., vol. 73, pp. 1532-1536 (1983 May).
13. P. J. Westervelt, "Parametric Acoustic Array," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 35, pp. 535-537 (1963 Apr.).
14. J. L. S. Bellin and R. T. Beyer, "Experimental Investigation of an End-Fire Array," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 34, pp. 1051-1054 (1962).
15. H. O. Berktay, "Possible Exploitation of Nonlinear Acoustics in Underwater Transmitting Applications," J. Sound Vib., vol. 2, pp. 435-461 (1965).
16. M. B. Bennett and D. T. Blackstock, "Parametric Array in Air," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 57, pp. 562-568 (1975).
17. E. G. Norris, "The Creation of Audible Sound from Ultrasonic Energy: A Fundamental Paradigm Shift," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 101, p. 3072 (1997).
18. F. J. Pompei, "The Use of Airborne Ultrasonics for Generating Audible Sound Beams," presented at the 105th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio Eng. Soc. (Abstracts), vol. 46, p. 1035 (1998 Nov.), preprint 4853.
19. T. D. Kite, J. T. Post, and M. F. Hamilton, "Parametric Array in Air: Distortion Reduction by Preprocessing," in Proc. 16th ICA and 135th Meeting of the ASA (Seattle, WA, 1998 June 20-26), pp. 1091-1092.
20. A. J. Brammer and D. I. Havelock, "Distortion of Secondary Sound Produced by Amplitude Modulated Parametric Array," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., in preparation.
21. K. Satoh, "Sound Reproduction Devices and Systems: Parametric Speaker," in Audio Engineering Handbook, K. Blair Benson, Ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988), pp. 7.61-7.66.
22. G. S. Garrett, J. Naze Tjotta, and S. Tjotta, "Nearfield of a Large Acoustic Transducer. Pt. I: Linear Radiation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 72, p. 1056-1061 (1982).