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Instantaneous lung volume was measured by a respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RESPITRAK, Non-Invasive Monitoring Systems) to confirm that the respiratory frequency was successfully controlled.
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The beat-to-beat RRI was measured continuously from a surface electrocardiogram (ECG) by use of standard bipolar leads with an ECG device (LifeScope6, Nihon-Koden). The sequence of R waves in ECG was processed on a real time basis with u personal computer (GP6-266, Gateway) at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. Blood pressure was obtained by the noninvasive linger cuff method (Finapres 2300, OHMHDA) to provide beat-to-beat estimates of SBP at the carotid sinus level.
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PRRI) was used to quantify the RRI oscillations induced by the cardiopulmonary barorellex.
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