Simulation of THM species in water distribution systems

Water Research

Volumn 34, Issue 13, 2000, Pages 3431-3439

  Elshorbagy, Walid E ^a   Abu Qdais, Hani ^b   Elsheamy, Mohammed K ^c  

^a UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY   (United Arab Emirates)

^b JORDAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Jordan)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Bromine content factor; Quality modeling; Trihalomethane species; Water distribution systems

Indexed keywords

BROMINE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DEGRADATION; HEALTH RISKS; KINETIC THEORY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NONLINEAR SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; POTABLE WATER;

BROMINE CONTENT FACTOR; QUALITY MODELING; TRIHALOMETHANE SPECIES;

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS;

BROMINE; DRINKING WATER; TRIHALOMETHANE;

DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT; DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM; DRINKING WATER; HALOCARBON; WATER DISTRIBUTION;

ARTICLE; BROMINATION; DEGRADATION; HEALTH HAZARD; KINETICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STOICHIOMETRY; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 0034284934     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00231-1     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Al-Nassay H., Rabiah S. Development of hydraulic computer model of Abu-Dhabi City water network and its role in design and water management. Arab Water Conference, Cairo, Egypt. 1998.
2. Amy G.L., Chadik Z.K., Chowdhury Z.L. A Developing model for predicting trihalomethane formation potential kinetics. J. AWWA. 79:(7):1987;89.
3. Babcock D. B. and Singer P. C. (1979) Chlorination and coagulation of humic and fulvic acids. Proceedings of the 97th Annual AWWA Conference. Paper 16-6.
4. Boulus P.F., Altman T., Jarrige P.A., Collevati F. Discrete simulation approach for network-water-quality models. J. Water Resources Planning and Management Division, ASCE. 121:(1):1995;49-60.
5. Bull R. J. and Kopfler F. C. (1991) Health effects of disinfectants and disinfection by-products. Denver, CO, AWWARF and AWWA.
6. Clark R.M., Smalley G., Godrich J., Tull R., Rossman L.A., Vasconcelos J.J., Boulus P.F. Managing water quality in distribution systems: simulating TTHM and chlorine residual propagation. J. Water SRT-AQUA. 43:(4):1994;182-191.
7. Clark R.M. Chlorine demand and THM formation kinetics: a second-order model. J. Env. Eng., ASCE. 124:(1):1998;16-24.
8. Elshorbagy W., Lansey K. Dynamic modeling of water quality in water distribution systems. AWWA Computer Conference, Los Angles, CA. 1994;457-465.
9. Elshorbagy W.A. Kinetics of THM species in finished drinking water. J. Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE. 126:(1):2000;121-128.
10. Gould J.P., Fitchhorn L.E., Urheim E. Formation of brominated trihalomethanes: extent and kinetics. Jolley R.L., et al. Water Chlorination: Environmental Impacts and Health Effects. Vol. 4:1981;297-310 Ann Arbor Sci, Ann Arbor, MI.
11. Jarrige P.A. PICCOLO - Users Manual. Potable Water Distribution Network Modeling Software. 1993;SAFEGE Consulting Engineers, Cedex, France.
12. Kavanaugh M.C., Trussell A.R., Cromer J., Trussell R.R. An empirical kinetic model of THM formation: application to meet the proposed THM standards. J. AWWA. 72:1980;578-582.
13. Lasdon L.S., Waren A.D. Generalized reduced gradient software for linearly and nonlinearly constrained problems. Greenberg H.G. Design and Implementation of Optimization Software. 1978;363-397 Sijthoff and Noordhof.
14. Liou C.P., Kroon J.R. Modeling the propagation of waterborne substances in distribution networks. J. AWWA. 79:(11):1987;54-58.
15. Malcolm Pirnie Inc (1991) Evaluation of SDWA impacts on Metropolitan Member Agencies. Water District of Southern California.
16. Montgomery Watson (1993) Mathematical modeling of the formation of THMs and HAAs in chlorinated natural waters. Final Report, AWWA.
17. Pontius F.W. Disinfectant-disinfection-product rule update. J. AWWA. 83:(12):1991;24-115.
18. Pontius F.W. A current look at the federal drinking water regulations. J. AWWA. 84:(3):1992;36-50.
19. Rossman L.A., Boulos P.F., Altman T. Discrete volume element method for network water quality models. J. WRPM, ASCE. 119:(5):1993;505-517.
20. Rossman L.A., Clark R.M., Grayman W.M. Modeling chlorine residuals in drinking-water distribution systems. J. Envir. Engng, ASCE. 120:(4):1994;803-829.
21. Symons J.M., Bellar T.A., Carswell J.K., DeMarco J., Kropp K.L., Robeck G.G., Seeger D.R., Slocum C.J., Smith B.L., Stevens A.A. National organics reconnaissance survey for halogenated organics. J. AWWA. 67:(11):1975;634-647.
22. Trussell R.R., Umphres M.D. The formation of trihalomethane. J. AWWA. 70:(11):1978;604-612.
23. Tuthill R.W., Moore G.S. Drinking water chlorination: a practice unrelated to cancer mortality. J. AWWA. 72:(10):1980;572-573.
24. USEPA Criteria and Standards Division (1990) Revised external review draft for the drinking water criteria document on trihalomethanes. TR-1242-34B. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
25. Wood Don J. Computer Analysis of Flow in Pipe Networks Including Extended Period Simulation - User's Manual. 1980;Office of Engineering, Continuing Education and Extension, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.