The Helsinki declaration: Why all the fuss?

Nursing Ethics

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 439-450

  Tadd, Win ^a  

^a LLANDOUGH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Codes of ethics; Nurse researchers; Research ethics; Rights of research subjects

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; MEDICAL ETHICS; PATIENT ADVOCACY; STANDARD;

ETHICS, NURSING; HELSINKI DECLARATION; HUMANS; PATIENT ADVOCACY;

EID: 0034279794     PISSN: 09697330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/096973300673700848     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki (Doc. 17.c). Adopted by the 48th General Assembly. Somerset, South Africa: WMA, 1996.
2. World Medical Association. Proposed revision of the WMA Declaration of Helsinki. Submitted by the American Medical Association at the 49th WMA General Assembly, Hamburg, Germany: 1997. Initiated September 1997 (17.C/Rev1/99).
3. Curtin LL. The nurse as advocate: a philosophical foundation for nursing. Adv Nurs Sci 1979; 1(3): 1-10.
4. World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects. Adopted by the 18th World Medical Assembly: Helsinki, Finland: 1964.
5. Crawley F, Hoet J. Ethics and law: the Declaration of Helsinki under discussion. Bull Med Ethics 1999; (150): 9-12.
6. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. Geneva: CIOMS, 1993.
7. Proceedings of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirement for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Guidelines for good clinical practice (GCP). Geneva: International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations, 1996.
8. World Health Organization. Guidelines for good clinical practice (GCP) for trials on pharmaceutical products. Annex 3 of: The use of essential drugs (Sixth Report of the WHO Expert Committee). Geneva: WHO, 1995.
9. Ofori-Anyinam O. Helsinki and its relation to other international guidelines. In: Proceedings of an International Workshop organised by the Bulletin of Medical Ethics and the European Forum for good Clinical Practice; Revising the Declaration of Helsinki: a fresh start; 1999 Sept 3-4; London: Royal Society of Medicine.
10. Levine RJ. The need to revise the Declaration of Helsinki. Bull Med Ethics 1999; (150): 29-33.
11. Nuremberg Code (1946). In: Permissible medical experiments, trials of war criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law no. 10: Nuremberg October 1946-April 1949; 2: 181-82. Washington: US Government Printing Office.
12. Boseley S. NHS trust suspends paediatricians The Guardian 1999 Dec 10: 2.
13. Making babies breathe low oxygen [News]. Bull Med Ethics 1998; (136): 4-6.
14. Rogers L. Top doctor accused of fiddling drug tests. The Sunday Times 1999 May 30: 22.
15. Dyer C. Latest drug trials case claims professor's scalp. Health Serv J 1999; 109(5675): 31.
16. Brandt A. Racism, research and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Hastings Cent Rep 1978; 8(6): 21-29.
17. Rivera G. Willowbrook: a report on how it is and why it doesn't have to be that way. New York: Vintage Books, 1972.
18. Day M. How the West gets well. New Sci 1997; 154(2082): 14-15.
19. United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. Code of professional conduct. London: UKCC, 1992.
20. Bro Taf Local Research Ethics Committee. Research on patients unable to give informed consent. Bull Med Ethics 1999; (150): 6-7.
21. Brennan TA. Proposed revisions to the Declaration of Helsinki: will they weaken the ethical principles underlying human research? Bull Med Ethics 1999; (150): 24-28.
22. Lurie P, Wolfe SM. Unethical trials of interventions to reduce perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries. N Engl J Med 1997, 337: 853-56.
23. Greco DB. Clinical trials in 'developing' countries: the fallacy of urgency or ethics vs economics. Bull Med Ethics 1999; (150): 33-34.
24. Rothman DJ. Were Tuskegee and Willowbrook 'studies in nature'? Hastings Cent Rep 1982; 12(2): 5-7.
25. Gong L, Zhang W, Zhu Y, et al. Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly (STONE). J Hypertens 1996, 14: 1237-45.