Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 79, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 452-468

  Lucas, Richard E ^a,e   Diener, Ed ^a   Grob, Alexander ^b,c   Suh, Eunkook M ^a,d   Shao, Liang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e University of California ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; EXTRAVERSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PERSONALITY TEST; REINFORCEMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; EXTRAVERSION (PSYCHOLOGY); FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; REINFORCEMENT, SOCIAL; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 0034276625     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.452     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Arbuckle, J. L. (1999). AMOS 4 [Computer software]. Chicago: Small-Waters Corp.
2. Argyle, M., & Lu, L. (1990). The happiness of extraverts. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1011-1017.
3. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
4. Church, A. T., & Lonner, W. J. (1998). The cross-cultural perspective in the study of personality: Rationale and current research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 32-62.
5. Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1988). Mood and the mundane: Relations between daily life events and self-reported mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 296-308.
6. Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
7. Cunningham, M. R. (1988a). Does happiness mean friendliness? Induced mood and heterosexual self-disclosure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 283-297.
8. Cunningham, M. R. (1988b). What do you do when you're happy or blue? Mood, expectancies, and behavioral interest. Motivation and Emotion, 12, 309-331.
9. Depue, R. A., & Collins, P. F. (1999). Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine facilitation of incentive motivation and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 491-569.
10. Diener, E., Larsen, R. J., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). Person X Situation interactions: Choice of situations and congruence response models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 580-592.
11. Emmons, R. A., & Diener, E. (1986). Influence of impulsivity and sociability on subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1211-1215.
12. Emmons, R. A., Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1986). Choice and avoidance of everyday situation and affect congruence: Two models of reciprocal interactionism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 815-826.
13. Eysenck, S. B. J., & Eysenck, H. J. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
14. Fowles, D. C. (1987). Application of a behavioral theory of motivation to the concepts of anxiety and impulsivity. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 417-435.
15. Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In I. Mervielde, I. J. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7-28). Tilburg, the Netherlands: Tilburg University Press. Available on the World Wide Web: http://ipip.ori.org/ipip/
16. Gray, J. A. (1970). The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8, 249-266.
17. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
18. James, W. (1907). Pragmatism. New York: Holt.
19. Jung, C. G. (1971). Psychological types. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1921)
20. Little, T. D. (1997). Mean and covariance structure (MACS) analyses of cross-cultural data: Practical and theoretical issues. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 53-76.
21. Lucas, R. E., & Diener, E. (1999). Understanding extroverts' enjoyment of social situations: The importance of pleasantness. Manuscript submitted for publication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
22. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
23. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1987). Validation of a five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81-90.
24. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52, 509-516.
25. Pavot, W., Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1990). Extraversion and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1299-1306.
26. Shao, L. (1993). Multilanguage comparability of life satisfaction and happiness measures in mainland Chinese and American students. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
27. Shao, L. (1997). Extraversion and positive affect. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
28. Suh, E., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Triandis, H. (1998). The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 494-512.
29. Tellegen, A. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. In A. H. Tuma & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 681-706). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Tellegen, A., & Waller, N. (1994). Exploring personality through test construction: Development of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. In S. R. Briggs & J. M. Cheek (Eds.), Personality measures: Development and evaluation (Vol. 1, pp. 133-161). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
31. Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506-520.
32. Watson, D. (1988). Intraindividual and interindividual analyses of positive and negative affect: Their relation to health complaints, perceived stress, and daily activities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1020-1030.
33. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 767-793). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
34. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.