Cation exchange membranes by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene onto PFA copolymer films. IV. Morphological investigations using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Journal of Applied Polymer Science

Volumn 77, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 2455-2463

  Nasef, Mohamed Mahmoud ^a   Saidi, Hamdani ^a   Yarmo, Mohd Ambar ^b  

^a MALAYSIA JAPAN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Malaysia)

^b UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BINDING ENERGY; COMPOSITION; COPOLYMERIZATION; GRAFTING (CHEMICAL); ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; MORPHOLOGY; PLASTIC FILMS; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENES; SULFONATION; SURFACE STRUCTURE; VINYL RESINS; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; COPOLYMER FILMS; RADIATION INDUCED GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION;

POLYSTYRENES;

EID: 0034276237     PISSN: 00218995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20000912)77:11<2455::AID-APP14>3.0.CO;2-5     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Xue, D.; Dong, V. J Power Sources 1998, 76, 69.
2. Cheng, X.; Yi, B.; Han, M.; Zhang, J.; Qiao, Y.; Yu, J. J Power Sources 1999, 79, 75.
3. Chu, D.; Jiang, R. J Power Sources 1999, 80, 226.
4. Ostoviskii, D. I.; Torell, V; Paronen, M.; Hietala, S.; Sundholm, F. Solid State Ionics 1997, 97, 315.
5. Hietala, S.; Keol, M.; Elomaa, M.; Sundholm, F. J Mater Chem 1998, 8, 1127.
6. Bermudez, D. Z. V.; Armand, M.; Poinsignon, C.; Abello, L.; Sanchez, J. Y. Electrochem Acta 1992, 37, 1603.
7. Kolde, J. A.; Baher, B. Proceedings of the Electrochemical Society, Chicago, IL, Fall, 1995.
8. Wnek, G. E.; Rider, J. N.; Serpico, J. M.; Einset, A. G.; Ehrenberg, S. G.; Tangredi, T. N.; Robin, L. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells; Electrochem Soc 1995, 23, 247.
9. Rafler, H.; Ulrich, H.; Bauer, B. In Polymerwerkstoffe'96, Merseberg, Germany, September, 1996.
10. Steck, A. E.; Stone, C. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on New Materials for Fuel Cells and Battery Systems, Montreal, Canada, 1998.
11. Holmberg, S.; Nasman, J. H.; Sundholm, F. Polym Adv Technol 1998, 9, 121.
12. Chapiro, A. Radiation Chemistry of Polymeric Systems; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1962.
13. Munari, S.; Vigo, F.; Tealdo, G.; Rossi, C. J Appl Polym Sci 1967, 11, 1563.
14. Vigo, F.; Capannelli, G.; Munari, S. Desalination 1981, 37, 313.
15. Rouilly, M. V.; Kötz, E. R.; Haas, O.; Scherer, G. G.; Chapiro, A. J Membr Sci 1993, 81, 89.
16. Gupta, B.; Bchi, F. N.; Scherer, G. G. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 1994, 32, 1931.
17. Holmberg, S.; Lehtinen, T.; Näsman, J.; Ostrovskii, D.; Paronen, M.; Serimaa, R.; Sundholm, F.; Sundholm, G.; Torell, L.; Torkkeli, M. J Mater Chem 1996, 6, 1309.
18. Flint, S. D.; Slade, R. C. T. Solid State Ionics 1997, 97, 299.
19. Brack, H. P.; Büchi, F. N.; Rota, M.; Scherer, G. G. Polym Sci Eng 1998, 77, 368.
20. Nasef, M. M.; Saidi, H.; Nor, H. M.; Dahlan, K. M.; Hashim, K. J Appl Polym Sci 1999, 73, 2095.
21. Nasef, M. M.; Saidi, H.; Nor, H. M.; Ooi, M. F. J Appl Polym Sci, 2000, 76, 1.
22. Moulder, J. F.; Stickle, W. F.; Sobol, P. E.; Domben, K. D. In Handbook of X-Ray Photoelectron Scopy; Chastain, J., Ed.; Perkin Elmer Co., Physical Electronic Div.: Minnesota, 1992.
23. Wydeven, T. W.; Golub, M. A.; Lerner, N. R. J Appl Polym Sci 1989, 37, 3343.
24. Clark, D. T. In Structural Studies of Macromolecules by Spectroscopic Methods; Ivin, K. J., Ed.; Wiley-Interscience Publications: New York, 1976; Chapter 9; p. 154.
25. Wang, J. W.; Feng, D.; Wang, H.; Rembold, M.; Thommen, F. J Appl Polym Sci 1993, 50, 585.
26. Clark, D. T.; Thomas, H. R. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 1978, 16, 791.
27. Scherer, G. G.; Killer, G. E.; Graman, D. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1992, 17, 115.
28. Nasef, M. M.; Saidi, H.; Nor, H. M.; Yarmo, M. A. J Appl Polym Sci, 2000, 76, 336.
29. Nasef, M. M.; Saidi, H.; Yarmo, M. A. J New Mater Electrochem Syst, in press.
30. Scherer, G. G. Ber Bunsen-Ges Phys Chem 1990, 94, 1008.