Robust analog VLSI Reichardt motion sensor

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 213-229

  Harrison, Reid R ^a   Koch, Christof ^a  

^a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OPTICAL CORRELATION; PHOTODETECTORS; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO; VLSI CIRCUITS;

INSECT VISION; MOTION SENSORS; REICHARDT MOTION DETECTOR; ROBUST SENSING;

IMAGE SENSORS;

EID: 0034269671     PISSN: 09251030     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1008361525235     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. C. Koch and G. Laurent, "Complexity and the Nervous System." Science 284, pp. 96-98, 1999.
2. C. Mead, Analog VLSI and Neural Systems. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1989.
3. R. Etienne-Cummings, J. Van der Spiegel, and P. Mueller, "A focal plane visual motion measurement sensor." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I 44, pp. 55-66, 1997.
4. G. L. Barrows, "Feature tracking linear optic flow sensor for 2-D optic flow measurement," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Automation, Robotics, and Computer Vision (ICARCV'98), December 1998.
5. J. Kramer, "Compact integrated motion sensor with three-pixel interaction." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 18, pp. 455-460, 1996.
6. R. Sarpeshkar, J. Kramer, G. Indiveri, and C. Koch, "Analog VLSI architectures for motion processing: from fundamental limits to system applications." Proceedings of the IEEE 84, pp. 969-987, 1996.
7. J. Kramer, R. Sarpeshkar, and C. Koch, "Pulse-based analog VLSI velocity sensors." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II 44, pp. 86-101, 1997.
8. C. M. Higgins, R. A. Deutschmann, and C. Koch, "Pulse-based 2D motion sensors," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, to appear.
9. C. M. Higgins, personal correspondence, May 20, 1999.
10. J. Tanner and C. Mead, "An integrated analog optical motion sensor," in VLSI Signal Processing II, New York, IEEE Press, pp. 59-76, 1986.
11. R. A. Deutschmann and C. Koch, "Compact real-time 2-D gradient based analog VLSI motion sensor," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Focal Plane Arrays and Electronic Cameras, Zürich, 1998.
12. E. H. Adelson and J. R. Bergen, "Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 2, pp. 284-299, 1985.
13. B. Hassenstein and W. Reichardt, "Systemtheoretische Analyse der Zeit-, Reihenfolgen-, und Vorzeichenauswertung bei der Bewegungsperzeption des Rüsselkäfers Chlorophanus." Z. Naturforch. 11b, pp. 513-524, 1956.
14. A. Borst and M. Egelhaaf, "Principles of visual motion detection." Trends in Neuroscience 12, pp. 297-306, 1989.
15. H. B. Barlow and W. R. Levick, "The mechanism of directionally selective units in the rabbit's retina." Journal of Physiology 178, pp. 447-504, 1965.
16. T. Horiuchi, J. Lazzaro, A. Moore, and C. Koch, "A delay-line based motion detection chip," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 3, R. Lippman, et al., Eds., San Mateo, CA, Morgan Kaufman, pp. 406-412, 1991.
17. R. G. Benson and T. Delbrück, "Direction selective silicon retina that uses null inhibition," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 4, R. Lippman, J. Moody, and D. S. Touretzky. Eds., San Mateo, CA, Morgan Kaufman, 1992.
18. T. Delbrück, "Silicon retina with correlation-based velocity-tuned pixels." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 4, pp. 529-541, 1993.
19. A. G. Andreou, K. Strohbehn, and R. E. Jenkins, "Silicon retina for motion computation," in Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 1373-1376, Singapore, June 1991.
20. R. R. Harrison and C. Koch, "An analog VLSI model of the fly elementary motion detector" in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. M. I. Jordan, M. J. Kearns, and S. A. Solla. Eds., Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 10, pp. 880-886, 1998.
21. A. Moini, A. Bouzerdoum, K. Eshragian, A. Yakovleff, X. T. Nguyen, A. Blanksby, R. Beare, D. Abbott, and R. E. Bogner, "An insect vision-based motion detection chip." IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits 32, pp. 279-284, 1997.
22. H.-C. Jiang and C.-Y. Wu, "A 2-D velocity- and direction-selective sensor with BJT-based silicon retina and temporal zero-crossing detector." IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits 34, pp. 241-247, 1999.
23. J.-M. Pichon, C. Blanes, and N. Franceschini, "Visual guidance of a mobile robot equipped with a network of self-motion sensors," in Proceedings of SPIE 1195, pp. 44-53, 1989.
24. N. Franceschini, J. M. Pichon, and C. Blanes, "From insect vision to robot vision." Philisophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 337, pp. 283-294, 1992.
25. J. P. H. van Santen and G. Sperling, "Elaborated Reichardt detectors." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 2, pp. 300-321, 1985.
26. A. B. Watson and A. J. Ahumada, "Model of human visual-motion sensing." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 2, pp. 322-342, 1985.
27. A. Borst and M. Egelhaaf, "Direction selectivity of blowfly motion-sensitive neurons is computed in a two-stage process." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 87, pp. 9363-9367, 1990.
28. M. Egelhaaf, A. Borst, and W. Reichardt, "Computational structure of a biological motion-detection system as revealed by local detector analysis in the fly's nervous system." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6, pp. 1070-1087, 1989.
29. W. Reichardt and M. Egelhaaf, "Properties of individual movement detectors as derived from behavioural experiments on the visual system of the fly." Biological Cybernetics 58, pp. 287-294, 1988.
30. S. Single and A. Borst, "Dendritic integration and its role in computing image velocity." Science 281, pp. 1848-1850, 1998.
31. T. Delbrück and C. A. Mead, "Analog VLSI phototransduction by continuous-time, adaptive, logarithmic photoreceptor circuits." CNS Memo 30, California Institute of Technology, 1996.
32. M. Egelhaaf and A. Borst, "Transient and steady-state response properties of movement detectors." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6, pp. 116-127, 1989.
33. R. R. Harrison, P. Hasler, and B. A. Minch, "Floating-gate CMOS analog memory cell array," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits (ISCAS'98) 2, pp. 204-207, 1998.
34. B. A. Minch, C. Diorio, P. Hasler, and C. Mead, "The matching of small capacitors for analog VLSI," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits (ISCAS'96) 1, pp. 239-241, 1996.
35. A. Pavasović, A. G. Andreou, and C. R. Westgate, "Characterization of subthreshold MOS mismatch in transistors for VLSI systems." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 6, pp. 75-85, 1994.
36. M. F. Land, "Visual acuity in insects." Annual Rev. Entomol. 42, pp. 147-177, 1997.
37. J. M. Zanker, "On the directional sensitivity of motion detectors." Biological Cybernetics 62, pp. 177-183, 1990.
38. D. Marr, Vision. New York, W.H. Freeman & Co., 1982.
39. K. Götz, "Die optischen Übertragungseigenschaften der Komplexaugen von Drosophila," Kybernetik 2, pp. 215-221, 1965.
40. R. R. de Ruyter van Steveninck, W. H. Zaagman, and H. A. K. Mastebroek, "Adaptation of Transient Responses of a Movement-Sensitive Neuron in the Visual System of the Blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala." Biological Cybernetics 54, pp. 223-236, 1986.
41. D. L. Ruderman and W. Bialek, "Statistics of natural images: scaling in the woods." Physic Review Letters 73, pp. 814-817, 1994.
42. D. W. Dong and J. J. Atick, "Statistics of natural time-varying images." Network 6, pp. 345-358, 1995.
43. B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1986.
44. R. R. Harrison and C. Koch, "A robust analog VLSI motion sensor based on the visual system of the fly." Auton. Robots 7, pp. 211-224, 1999.