A critique of variable reduction methods to analyze morphological caste differences in social wasps

Journal of the New York Entomological Society

Volumn 108, Issue 3-4, 2000, Pages 332-338

  Kojima, Jun Ichi ^a  

^a IBARAKI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Caste differentiation; Discriminant analysis; Mahalanobis distance; Polistinae; Ropalidia romandi; Vespidae

Indexed keywords

POLISTINAE; ROPALIDIA ROMANDI; UNIDENTIFIED AGENTS; VESPIDAE;

EID: 0034257464     PISSN: 00287199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1664/0028-7199(2000)108[0332:acovrm]2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Carpenter, J. M. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships and the origin of social behavior in the Vespidae, pp. in K. G. Ross, and R. W. Matthews (eds.), The Social Biology of Wasps. 7-32. Cornel University Press, Ithaca.
2. Gadagkar, R. and N. V. Joshi. 1983. Quantitative ethology of social wasps: time activity budgets and caste differentiation in Ropalidia marginata (Lep.) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Anim. Behav. 31:26-31.
3. Gadgil, M. and A. Mahabal. 1974. Caste differentiation in the paper wasp Ropalidia marginata (Lep.). Current Sci. 43:482.
4. Itô, Y. 1993. Behaviour and social evolution of wasps. The communal aggregation hypothesis. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo.
5. Jeanne, R. L. and R. Fagen. 1974. Polymorphism in Stelopolybia areata (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Psyche 81:155-166.
6. Jeanne, R. L., C. A. Graf and B. S. Yandell. 1995. Non-size-based morphological castes in a social insect. Naturwissenschaften 82:296-298.
7. Kojima, J. 1994. Behavior during artificially induced swarm emigration in an Old World polistine wasp, Ropalidia romandi (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). J. Ethology 12:1-8.
8. Kojima, J. 1996. Colony cycle of an Australian swarm-founding paper wasp, Ropalidia romandi (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Ins. Soc. 43:411-420.
9. Kojima, J. and J. M. Carpenter. 1997. Catalog of species in the polistine tribe Ropalidiini (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). American Mus. Nov. 3199:1-96.
10. Kojima, J. and K. Kojima. 1994. Biometric comparison of body size in queens and workers in New Guinean swarm-founding Ropalidia. Tropics 4:49-55.
11. Kojima, J. and K. Tsuchida. 2000. Oviposition and queen manipulation by swarm workers of an Australian swarm-founding paper wasp, Ropalidia romandi (Le Guillou) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Entomol. Sci. 3:65-72.
12. Noll, E B., S. Mateus and R. Zucchi. 1996. Morphological caste differences in Neotropical swarm-founding Polistinae wasps. V - Protopolybia exigua exigua (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). J. New York Entomol. Soc. 104:62-69.
13. Shima, S. N., Sô. Yamane and R. Zucchi. 1994. Morphological caste differences in some Neotropical swarm-founding polistine wasps I. Apoica flavissima (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Jpn. J. Entomol. 62:811-822.
14. Shima, S. N., Sô. Yamane and R. Zucchi. 1996a. Morphological caste differences in some Neotropical swarm-founding polistine wasps II. Polybia dimidiata (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Jpn. J. Entomol. 64:131-144.
15. Shima, S. N., Sô. Yamane and R. Zucchi. 1996b. Morphological caste differences in some Neotropical swarm-founding polistine wasps III. Protonectarina sylveriae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Bull. Fac. Edu. Ibaraki Univ. (Nat. Sci.) (45):57-67.
16. Shima, S. N., Sô. Yamane and Y. Itô. 2000. Morphological caste differences in the Australian swarm-founding wasp, Ropalidia romandi cabeti (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Entomol. Sci. 3:73-79.
17. Tsuchida, K., Y. Itô, S. Katada and J. Kojima. 2000. Genetical and morphological colony structure of the Australian swarm-founding polistine wasp, Ropalidia romandi (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Ins. Soc. 47:113-116.
18. Wenzel, J. W. 1992. Extreme queen-worker dimorphism in Ropalidia ignobilis, a small colony wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Ins. Soc. 39:31-43.
19. Wenzel, J. W. and J. M. Carpenter. 1994. Comparing methods: adaptive traits and test of adaptation, in P. Eggleton, and R. I. Vane-Wright (eds.), Phylogeny and Ecology, pp. 79-101. Academic Press, London.
20. Wilson, E. O. 1953. The origin and evolution of polymorphism in ant. Quart. Rev. Biol. 28: 136-156.
21. Yamane, Sô., J. Kojima and Sk. Yamane. 1983. Queen/worker size dimorphism in an Oriental polistine wasp, Ropalidia montana Carl (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Ins. Soc. 30:416-422.