Inventing systems engineering

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 4-15

  Aris, John ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HISTORY; PROJECT MANAGEMENT; QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT; STRATEGIC PLANNING;

INNOVATIONS;

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING;

EID: 0034229596     PISSN: 10586180     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/85.859522     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. This paper is a revised and expanded version of one presented and published under the same title in Proc. Kiev Symp. Computers in Europe: Past, Present, and Future, Int'l Charity Foundation for History and Development of Computer Science and Technology, 1998
2. D. Caminer et al., LEO - The Incredible Story of the World's First Business Computer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998. (UK edition: User-Driven Innovation, McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead, 1996.)
3. D. Caminer et al., LEO - The Incredible Story of the World's First Business Computer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998. (UK edition: User-Driven Innovation, McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead, 1996.)
4. P. Bird, LEO, the First Business Computer, Hasler Publishing, Wokingham, 1994.
5. The background is examined more closely in J. Hendry, "The Teashops Computer Manufacturer," Business History, Vol. 29, No, 8, 1986 and in F.F. Land, "The First Business Computer: a Case Study in User-Driven Innovation," Proc. Kiev Symposium, 1998, and in this Annals issue.
6. The background is examined more closely in J. Hendry, "The Teashops Computer Manufacturer," Business History, Vol. 29, No, 8, 1986 and in F.F. Land, "The First Business Computer: a Case Study in User-Driven Innovation," Proc. Kiev Symposium, 1998, and in this Annals issue.
7. Cambridge University gave the title of "Wrangler" to its top mathematics graduates.
8. I.R.M. Simmons, LEO and the Managers, Macdonald, London, 1962. p. 25.
9. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
10. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
11. D. Caminer, "LEO and Its Applications: The Beginning of Business Computing," Computer Journal, Vol. 40, No. 10, 1997.
12. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
13. D. Caminer, "...And How to Avoid Them," Computer Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1958.
14. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
15. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
16. These systems are described in F.F. Land, "Systems Analysis for Business Applications," Resurrection, Summer 1996.
17. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
18. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
19. Fascinating material on the early days of programming, supplied by Derek Hemy, will be found in Bird, op. cit., pp. 52-62.
20. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
21. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
22. Note from Caminer to Aris, May 1998.
23. "Electronic Abacus," The Economist, 13 March 1954, pp. 789-791.
24. Comparisons between LEO and modern practice can be found in J.B.B. Aris, "Systems Design -Then and Now," Resurrection, Summer 1996.
25. The wider question of why LEO did not sustain its world lead in business computing to become a dominant supplier is intriguing but beyond the scope of this paper. It is the subject of a so far unpublished note from Caminer, dated 19 July 1998, to the author.
26. Note from Caminer to Aris, August 1998.