Models of polyimide spray coatings

Fusion Technology

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 74-82

  Cook, Robert ^a  

^a LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER FUSION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; POLYIMIDES; SURFACE ROUGHNESS;

MANDREL SURFACE; POLYIMIDE ABLATOR LAYERS; POLYIMIDE SPRAY COATINGS;

SPRAYED COATINGS;

EID: 0034229156     PISSN: 07481896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.13182/FST00-A36120     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. J. D. Lindl, "Development of the Indirect-Drive Approach to Inertial Confinement Fusion and Target Physics Basis for Ignition and Gain," Phys. Plasmas 2, 3933 (1995).
2. M. D. Rosen, "The Physics Issues that Determine Inertial Confinement Fusion Target Gain and Driver Requirements: A Tutorial," Phys. Plasmas 6, 1690 (1999).
3. S. W. Haan, et al., "Design and Modeling of Ignition Targets for the National Ignition Facility," Phys. Plasmas 2, 2480 (1995).
4. R. C. Cook, R. L. McEachern, and R. B. Stephens, "Representative Surface Profile Power Spectra from Capsules Used in Nova and Omega Implosion Experiments," Fusion Technol. 35, 224 (1999).
5. R. Cook, "Production of Hollow Microspheres for Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments," in Hollow and Solid Spheres and Microspheres - Science and Technology Associated with Their Fabrication and Application, edited by D. L. Wilcox, et. al. (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1995), pp 101-112.
6. R. Cook, "An Overview of Capsule Issues for Current and Future ICF Experiments," J. Moscow Phys. Soc., 8, 51 (1998).
7. A. I. Nikitenko, S. M. Tolokonnikov, and R. Cook, "The Design of the Ballistic Furnace and Initial Microshells Formation Experiments," Fusion Technol. 31, 385 (1997); A. I. Nikitenko, S. M. Tolokonnikov, and R. Cook, "Large Shell Fabrication Results Using the Ballistic Furnace," J. Moscow Phys. Soc. 8, 63 (1998).
8. A. I. Nikitenko, S. M. Tolokonnikov, and R. Cook, "The Design of the Ballistic Furnace and Initial Microshells Formation Experiments," Fusion Technol. 31, 385 (1997); A. I. Nikitenko, S. M. Tolokonnikov, and R. Cook, "Large Shell Fabrication Results Using the Ballistic Furnace," J. Moscow Phys. Soc. 8, 63 (1998).
9. B. W. McQuillan, A. Nikroo, D. A. Steinman, F. H. Elsner, D. G. Czechowicz, M. L. Hoppe, M. Sixtus, W. J. Miller, "The PαMS/GDP Process for Production of ICF Target Mandrels," Fusion Technol. 31, 381 (1997).
10. R. Cook, S. R. Buckley, E. Fearon, S. A. Letts, "New Approaches to the Preparation of PαMS Beads as Mandrels for NIF-Scale Target Capsules," Fusion Technol. 35, 206 (1999).
11. M. Takagi, R. Cook, R. Stephens, J. Gibson, S. Paguio, "Decreasing Out-of Round in Poly(α-methylstyrene) Mandrels by Increasing Interfacial Tension," Fusion Technol., this issue.
12. R. McEachern, C. Alford, R. Cook, D. Makowiecki, and R. Wallace, "Sputter-Deposited Be Ablators for NIF Target Capsules," Fusion Technol. 31, 435 (1997).
13. E. L. Alfonso, S.-H. Chen, R. Q. Gram, D. R. Harding, "Properties of Polyimide Shells Made Using Vapor Phase Deposition.," J. Mater. Res. 13 2988 (1998); E. L. Alfonso, F.-Y. Tsai, S.-H. Chen, R. Q. Gram, D. R. Harding, "Fabrication of Polyimide Shells by Vapor Phase Deposition for Use as ICF Targets," Fusion Technol. 35, 131 (1999); F.-Y. Tsai, E. Alfonso, S.-H. Chen, D. Harding, "Mechanical Properties and Gas Permeability of Polyimide Shells Fabricated by the Vapor Deposition Method," Fusion Technol., this issue.
14. E. L. Alfonso, S.-H. Chen, R. Q. Gram, D. R. Harding, "Properties of Polyimide Shells Made Using Vapor Phase Deposition.," J. Mater. Res. 13 2988 (1998); E. L. Alfonso, F.-Y. Tsai, S.-H. Chen, R. Q. Gram, D. R. Harding, "Fabrication of Polyimide Shells by Vapor Phase Deposition for Use as ICF Targets," Fusion Technol. 35, 131 (1999); F.-Y. Tsai, E. Alfonso, S.-H. Chen, D. Harding, "Mechanical Properties and Gas Permeability of Polyimide Shells Fabricated by the Vapor Deposition Method," Fusion Technol., this issue.
15. E. L. Alfonso, S.-H. Chen, R. Q. Gram, D. R. Harding, "Properties of Polyimide Shells Made Using Vapor Phase Deposition.," J. Mater. Res. 13 2988 (1998); E. L. Alfonso, F.-Y. Tsai, S.-H. Chen, R. Q. Gram, D. R. Harding, "Fabrication of Polyimide Shells by Vapor Phase Deposition for Use as ICF Targets," Fusion Technol. 35, 131 (1999); F.-Y. Tsai, E. Alfonso, S.-H. Chen, D. Harding, "Mechanical Properties and Gas Permeability of Polyimide Shells Fabricated by the Vapor Deposition Method," Fusion Technol., this issue.
16. C. C. Roberts, S. A. Letts, M. D. Saculla, E. J. Hsieh, and R. C. Cook "Polyimide Films from Vapor Deposition: Toward High Strength NIF Capsules," Fusion Technol. 35, 138 (1999); C. C. Roberts, P. J. Orthion, A. E. Hassel, B. K. Parrish, S. R. Buckley, E. Fearon, S. A. Letts, and R. Cook, "Development of Polyimide Ablators for NIF: Analysis of Defects on Shells, a Novel Smoothing Technique and Upilex Coatings," Fusion Technol., this issue.
17. C. C. Roberts, S. A. Letts, M. D. Saculla, E. J. Hsieh, and R. C. Cook "Polyimide Films from Vapor Deposition: Toward High Strength NIF Capsules," Fusion Technol. 35, 138 (1999); C. C. Roberts, P. J. Orthion, A. E. Hassel, B. K. Parrish, S. R. Buckley, E. Fearon, S. A. Letts, and R. Cook, "Development of Polyimide Ablators for NIF: Analysis of Defects on Shells, a Novel Smoothing Technique and Upilex Coatings," Fusion Technol., this issue.
18. R. W. Margevicius, L. J. Salzer, M. A. Salazar, and L. R. Foreman, "Toward the Fabrication of a NIF Target via Hemisphere Joining," Fusion Technol. 35, 106 (1999).
19. T. R. Dittrich, et al., "Review of Indirect-Drive Ignition Design Options for the National Ignition Facility," Phys. Plasmas 6, 2164 (1999).
20. K. L. Mittal and M. K. Ghosh, Polyimides: Fundamentals and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996.
21. F. Powell, Luxel Corporation, Friday Harbor, WA, private communication.
22. The question of what is the "correct" dried droplet shape is certainly beyond the scope of this paper. Under fairly general circumstances droplets dry to form rings, see R. D. Deegan, O. Bakajin, T. F. Dupont, G. Huber, S. R. Nagel, and T. A. Witten, "Capillary Flow as the Cause of Ring Stains from Dried Liquid Drops," Nature 389, 827 (1997). Such a shape, concentrating polymer mass (and thus height) in a ring, would very likely not be an improvement to the parabolic or Gaussian shapes considered, and would give rise to more high frequency power. It might be argued, however, that subsequent drops would redissolve and smooth out the rings.
23. R. L. McEachern, C. E. Moore, and R. J. Wallace, "The Design, Performance , and Application of an Atomic Force Microscope-Based Profilometer," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 13, 983 (1995).
24. S. A. Letts, D. W. Myers, and L. A. Witt, "Ultrasmooth Plasma Polymerized Coatings for Laser Fusion Targets," J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 19, 739 (1981);
25. G. W. Collins, S. A. Letts, E. M. Fearon, R. L. McEachern, and T. P. Bernat, "Surface Roughness Scaling of Plasma Polymer Films," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 708 (1994).