Polarimetric scatterometry: a promising technique for improving ocean surface wind measurements from space

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 38, Issue 4 II, 2000, Pages 1903-1921

  Tsai, Wu Yang ^b   Nghiem, Son V ^a,b   Huddleston, James N ^b   Spencer, Michael W ^b   Stiles, Bryan W ^a,b   West, Richard D ^b  

^a IEEE

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACKSCATTERING; CLIMATOLOGY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND;

POLARIMETRIC SCATTEROMETRY; SPACEBORNE WIND SCATTEROMETERS;

RADAR MEASUREMENT;

EID: 0034228706     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/36.851773     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. E. P. W. Attema, "The active microwave instrument on-board the ERS-1 satellite," Proc. IEEE, vol. 79, pp. 791-799, June 1991.
2. J. R. Carswell, S. C. Carson, R. E. McIntosh, F. K. Li, G. Neumann, D. J. McLaughlin, J. C. Wilkerson, P. G. Black, and S. V. Nghiem, "Air-borne scatterometers: Investigating ocean backscatter under low- and high-wind conditions," Proc. IEEE, vol. 82, pp. 1835-1860, Dec. 1994.
3. S. V. C-Y Chi, R. Aroian, and F. K. Li, "Simulation studies for the NASA scatterometer on NROSS," in Proc. IGARSS'86, Zurich, Switzerland, Sept. 1986, pp. 1673-1676.
4. M. A. Donelan and W. J. Pierson, "Radar scattering and equilibrium ranges in wind-generated waves with application to scatterometry," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 92, no. C5, pp. 4971-5029, 1987.
5. R. S. Dunbar, "NASA scatterometer science data product (NSCAT-2) user's manual-Overview geophysical data products," Jet Propulsion Lab., Doc. D-12 985 Manual Version 1.2, Pasadena, CA, 1998.
6. S. P. Durden and J. F. Vesecky, "A physical radar cross section model for a wind-driven sea with s well," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. OE-10, pp. 445-451, Oct. 1985.
7. R. Fisher, "Standard deviation of scatterometer measurements From space," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., vol. GE-10, Apr. 1972.
8. M. H. Freilich and R. S. Dunbar, "A preliminary C-band scatterometer model function for the ERS-1 AMI instrument," in Proc. 1st ERS-1 Symp., Cannes, France, 1993, pp. 79-84.
9. M. H. Freilich and F Wertz, "Finalizing the NSCAT-1 Model and Progress Towards NSCAT-2," in Proc. NASA Scatterometer Science Symp., T. Liu, Ed., Maui, HI, Nov. 10-14, 1997.
10. J. Graf, W. Tsai, and L. Jones, "Overview of QuikSCAT Mission-A quick deployment of a high resolution, wide swath scanning scatterometer for ocean measurement," in Proc. Southeast AGU Conf., Orlando, FL, Apr. 1998.
11. W. L. Grantham, E. M. Bracalente, W. L. Jones, and J. W. Johnson, "The Seasat-A satellite scatterometer," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. OE-2, pp. 200-206, Apr. 1977.
12. S. Haykin, Communication Systems. New York: Wiley, 1983.
13. J. Huddleston, W. Tsai, M. Spencer, and R. West, "Modeling simulation for SeaWinds-lB system design performance evaluation," EOS/SPIE Aerosp. Remote Sensing J., Sept. 1997.
14. W. L. Jones et al., "The Seasat-A satellite scatterometer: The geophysical evaluation remote sensed winds over the ocean," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 87, pp. 3297-3317, 1982.
15. P. Lecompte, "The ERS scatterometer instrument and the on-ground processing of its data," in Emerging Scatterometer Applications: From Research to Operations. Noordwijk, The Netherlands: Eur. Space Agency, 1998.
16. Proc. NASA Scatterometer Science Symp., T. Liu, Ed., Maui, HI, November 10-14, 1997.
17. D. G. Long and M. W. Spencer, "Radar backscatter measurement accuracy for a spaceborne pencil-beam wind scatterometer with transmit modulation," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 35, pp. 102-114, Jan. 1997.
18. R. K. Moore and A. K. Fung, "Radar determination of winds at sea," Proc. IEEE, vol. 67, pp. 1504-1521, Nov. 1997.
19. F. M. Naderi, M. H. Freilich, and D. G. Long, "Spaceborne radar measurement of wind velocity over the ocean-An overview of the NSCAT scatterometer system," Proc. IEEE, vol. 79, pp. 850-866, June 1991.
20. S. V. Nghiem, M. Borgeaud, J. A. Kong, and R. T. Shin, "Polarimetric remote sensing of geophysical media with layer random medium model," in Progress in Electromagnetics Research, J. A. Kong, Ed. New York: Elsevier, 1990, vol. 3, pp. 1-73.
21. S. V. Nghiem, S. H. Yueh, R. Kwok, and F. K. Li, "Symmetry properties in polarimetric remote sensing," Radio Sci., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 693-711, 1992.
22. S. V. Nghiem, F. K. Li, S. H. Lou, G. Neumann, R. E. McIntosh, S. C. Carson, J. R. Carswell, E. J. Walsh, M. A. Donelan, and W. M. Drennan, "Observations of ocean radar backscatter at Ku and C bands in the presence of large waves during the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 33, pp. 708-721, May 1995.
23. u-Band on oceanic and atmospheric parameters," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 35, pp. 581-600, May 1997.
24. S. V. Nghiem, F. K. Li, E. J. Walsh, and S. H. Lou, "Radar backscatter across the Gulf Stream sea surface temperature front," , to be published.
25. L. C. Schroeder, P. R. Schaffner, J. L. Mitchell, and W. L. Jones, "AAFE RADSCAT 13.9-GHz measurements and analysis: Wind-speed signature of the ocean," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. OE-10, pp. 346-357, Apr. 1985.
26. S. J. Shaffer, R. S. Dunbar, S. V. Hsiao, and D. G. Long, "A median-filter-based ambiguity removal algorithm for NSCAT," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 29, pp. 167-174, Jan. 1991.
27. M. W. Spencer, C. Wu, and D. G. Long, "Tradeoffs in the design of a spaceborne scanning pencil beam scatterometer: Application to Sea-Winds," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 35, pp. 115-126, Jan. 1997.
28. _, "Improved resolution backscatter measurements with the SeaWinds pencil-beam scatterometer," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 36, 1998.
29. F. J. Wentz, S. Peteherych, and L. A. Thomas, "A model function for ocean radar cross sections at 14.6 GHz," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 89, no. C3, pp. 3689-3704, 1984.
30. F. J. Wentz, L. A. Mattox, and S. Peteherych, "New algorithms for microwave measurements of ocean winds: Applications to SEASAT and the special sensor microwave imager," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 91, no. C2, pp. 2289-2307, 1986.
31. F. J. Wentz and D. K. Smith, "A model function for the ocean normalized cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 104, no. C5, pp. 11 499-11 507, Mar. 1999.
32. R. West, "SeaWinds on QuikSCAT scanning pencil-beam scatterometer simulator," Jet Propulsion Lab., Tech. Rep. D-17 309, Pasadena, CA, May 1999.
33. C. Wu, J. Graf, M. Freilich, D. G. Long, M. Spencer, W. Tsai, D. Lisman, and C. Winn, "The SeaWinds scatterometer instrument," in Proc. IGARSS '94, Aug. 1994, pp. 1511-1515.
34. S. H. Yueh, R. Kwok, and S. V. Nghiem, "Polarimetric scattering and emission properties of targets with reflection symmetry," Radio Sci.,vol. 29, pp. 1409-1420, Nov-Dec 1994.
35. S. H. Yueh, W. J. Wilson, F. K. Li, W. B. Ricketts, and S. V. Nghiem, "Polarimetric measurements of sea surface brightness temperatures using an aircraft K-band radiometers," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 33, pp. 85-92, Jan. 1995.
36. _, "Polarimetric brightness temperatures of sea surfaces measured with aircraft Ku- and Ka-band radiometers," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 35, Sept. 1997.