Three-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference at a multiport mixer

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 62, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 013809-013801

  Campos, Richard A ^a  

^a Hudson Valley Research Park   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE INTERFERENCE; MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS; MIXER CIRCUITS; OPTICAL BEAM SPLITTERS; PHOTONS; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS;

HONG-OU-MANDEL DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE; MULTIPORT MIXERS;

QUANTUM THEORY;

EID: 0034224919     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (33)

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2. C. K. Hong, Z. Y. Ou, and L. Mandel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2044 (1987). For a recent topical review see L. Mandel, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, S274 (1999).
3. When the two photons arrive at only one input port of the symmetric mixer as a preclustered pair, no boson statistical effects are observed. The photons register a binomial output photon-number distribution consistent with the independent behavior of classical particles. Experimental confirmation is provided by J. Brendel, S. Schütrumpf, R. Lange, W. Martienssen, and M. O. Scully, Europhys. Lett. 5, 223 (1988); R. Lange, J. Brendel, E. Mohler, and W. Martienssen, ibid. 5, 619 (1988).
4. When the two photons arrive at only one input port of the symmetric mixer as a preclustered pair, no boson statistical effects are observed. The photons register a binomial output photon-number distribution consistent with the independent behavior of classical particles. Experimental confirmation is provided by J. Brendel, S. Schütrumpf, R. Lange, W. Martienssen, and M. O. Scully, Europhys. Lett. 5, 223 (1988); R. Lange, J. Brendel, E. Mohler, and W. Martienssen, ibid. 5, 619 (1988).
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16. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
17. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
18. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
19. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
20. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
21. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
22. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
23. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
24. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
25. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
26. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
27. Various additional aspects of the lossless two-beam mixer are discussed by A. Zeilinger, Am. J. Phys. 49, 882 (1981); B. Yurke, S. L. McCall, and J. R. Klauder, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4033 (1986); S. Prasad, M. O. Scully, and W. Martienssen, Opt. Commun. 62, 139 (1987): Z. Y. Ou, C. K. Hong, and L. Mandel, ibid. 63, 118 (1987); H. Fearn and R. Loudon, ibid. 64, 485 (1987); B. Huttner and Y. Ben-Aryeh, Phys. Rev. A 38, 204 (1988); Z. Y. Ou and L. Mandel, Am. J. Phys. 57, 66 (1989); H. Fearn and R. L. Loudon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 917 (1989); W. K. Lai, V. Bužek, and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 43, 6323 (1991); U. Leonhardt, ibid. 48, 3265 (1993); A. Luis and L. L. Sánchez-Soto, Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 7, 153 (1995); K. Jacobs and P. L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 54, R3738 (1996).
28. The internal phase shifts of an optical mixer relate to its material composition and manner of construction, as discussed by M. W. Hamilton, Am. J. Phys. 68, 186 (2000). Mach-Zehnder interferometry is sensitive to these phase shifts. Note that the tritter converts into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer if the second mixer is replaced by a mirror.
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31. m are the Gell-Mann SU(3) matrices. See M. Gell-Mann, Phys. Rev. 125, 1067 (1962).
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