The enduring legacy of the KGB in Russian politics

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 3-15

  Knight, Amy ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0034215785     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2000.11655889     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. For a discussion of Yeltsin's policy toward the security agencies during the first five years of his tenure as president, see Amy Knight, Spies Without Cloaks: The KGB's Successors (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996). For the period after 1996, see idem, "The Security Services and the Decline of Democracy in Russia: 1996-1999," Donald W. Treadgold Papers, no. 23 (October 1999).
2. For a discussion of Yeltsin's policy toward the security agencies during the first five years of his tenure as president, see Amy Knight, Spies Without Cloaks: The KGB's Successors (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996). For the period after 1996, see idem, "The Security Services and the Decline of Democracy in Russia: 1996-1999," Donald W. Treadgold Papers, no. 23 (October 1999).
3. As quoted in Knight, Spies Without Cloaks, p. 92.
4. Aleksandr Korzhakov, Boris El'tsin: ot rassveta do zakata (Boris Yeltsin: From Sunrise to Sunset) (Moscow: Interbuk, 1997), p. 404.
5. Knight, "Security Services and the Decline of Democracy," p. 14.
6. "Polozhenie o sluzhbe bezopasnosti presidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii" (Statute on the Presidential Security Service of the Russian Federation), Rossiiskaia gazeta (May 21, 1996): 6; Stephen W. Quenther, "Post-Authoritarian Transition and the Russian Domestic Services, 1993-1997" (Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1998), p. 209.
7. "Polozhenie o sluzhbe bezopasnosti presidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii" (Statute on the Presidential Security Service of the Russian Federation), Rossiiskaia gazeta (May 21, 1996): 6; Stephen W. Quenther, "Post-Authoritarian Transition and the Russian Domestic Services, 1993-1997" (Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1998), p. 209.
8. Guenther, "Post-Authoritarian Transition," p. 236; Moskovskii komsomolets (August 22, 1997): 1, 4.
9. See Peter Gill, Policing Politics: Security Intelligence and the Liberal Democratic State (Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1994), pp. 225-26.
10. The British parliamentary system is less exemplary in this regard, as it has a more minimalist approach to parliamentary and judicial control. On these issues, see Guenther, "Post-Authoritarian Transition," chap. 1; Gill, Policing Politics, pp. 274-310.
11. See "Federalnii zakon ob organakh federalnoi sluzhby bezopasnosti v Rossiiskoi Federatsii" (Federal Law on Organs of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation), Rossiiskaia gazeta (April 12, 1995): 9-10; "Polozhenie o sluzhbe bezopasnosti presidenta"; Guenther, "Post-Authoritarian Transition," pp. 207-45, 287-361. The comment by the Duma Security Committee member was made to this author in late 1998. One positive sign that emerged recently was a Moscow court's decision to uphold a lower court's acquittal of the environmentalist Aleksandr Nikitin on the charges of treason brought against him by the FSB.
12. See "Federalnii zakon ob organakh federalnoi sluzhby bezopasnosti v Rossiiskoi Federatsii" (Federal Law on Organs of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation), Rossiiskaia gazeta (April 12, 1995): 9-10; "Polozhenie o sluzhbe bezopasnosti presidenta"; Guenther, "Post-Authoritarian Transition," pp. 207-45, 287-361. The comment by the Duma Security Committee member was made to this author in late 1998. One positive sign that emerged recently was a Moscow court's decision to uphold a lower court's acquittal of the environmentalist Aleksandr Nikitin on the charges of treason brought against him by the FSB.
13. Guenther, "Post-Authoritarian Transition," pp. 240-47.
14. Izvestiia (July 11, 1996): 2.
15. William H. Webster, Arnaud de Borchgrave, Frank Cilluffo, et al., eds., Russian Organized Crime: Global Organized Crime Project (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1997).
16. Moscow NTV (December 7, 1998), translated in World News Connection, Daily Report: Central Eurasia [hereinafter: WNC:SOV] (December 7, 1998). Vladislav Sherstiuk was appointed the new head of FAPSI.
17. On relations between Moscow and Russia's regional governments, see Michael Thurman, "Regions Carp as Center Flounders," Perspective 9, no. 1 (September/October 1998); "Federalism in Russia: How Is It Working?" National Intelligence Council Conference Report (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, February 1999).
18. On relations between Moscow and Russia's regional governments, see Michael Thurman, "Regions Carp as Center Flounders," Perspective 9, no. 1 (September/October 1998); "Federalism in Russia: How Is It Working?" National Intelligence Council Conference Report (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, February 1999).
19. On the security men in Primakov's government team, see Evgueni Volk, "Who's Who in Primakov's New Russian Government," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, no. 1232 (November 1998); Obshchaia gazeta (December 17, 1998): 7.
20. On the security men in Primakov's government team, see Evgueni Volk, "Who's Who in Primakov's New Russian Government," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, no. 1232 (November 1998); Obshchaia gazeta (December 17, 1998): 7.
21. Moskovskii komsomolets (December 25, 1998): 2.
22. On the Skuratov affair, see ITAR-TASS (April 2, 1999), in WNC:SOV (April 2, 1999); Interfax (April 4, 1999), in WNC:SOV (April 4, 1999). Whatever Putin's role in the initial videotaping, he publicly confirmed that the tape was genuine and, together with Yeltsin and Stepashin, ordered Skuratov to resign. See his own account of their meeting with Skuratov in his series of interviews with journalists Nataliya Gevorkyan, Nataliya Timakova, and Andrei Kolesnikov, First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia's President Vladimir Putin, trans. by Catherine A. Fitzpatrick (New York: Public Affairs, 2000), pp. 198-99. On Putin and the impeachment, see the editorial in the Moscow Times (April 9, 1999); ITAR-TASS (April 13, 1999), in WNC:SOV (April 13, 1999).
23. On the Skuratov affair, see ITAR-TASS (April 2, 1999), in WNC:SOV (April 2, 1999); Interfax (April 4, 1999), in WNC:SOV (April 4, 1999). Whatever Putin's role in the initial videotaping, he publicly confirmed that the tape was genuine and, together with Yeltsin and Stepashin, ordered Skuratov to resign. See his own account of their meeting with Skuratov in his series of interviews with journalists Nataliya Gevorkyan, Nataliya Timakova, and Andrei Kolesnikov, First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia's President Vladimir Putin, trans. by Catherine A. Fitzpatrick (New York: Public Affairs, 2000), pp. 198-99. On Putin and the impeachment, see the editorial in the Moscow Times (April 9, 1999); ITAR-TASS (April 13, 1999), in WNC:SOV (April 13, 1999).
24. Interfax, in WNC:SOV (April 28, 1999).
25. Moskovskii komsomolets (April 14, 1999).
26. Interfax (May 19, 1999) in WNC:SOV (May 19, 1999).
27. Pavel Felgenhauer, "Terrorists Didn't Start the War," St. Petersburg Times (January 21, 2000); Michael R. Gordon, "A Look at How the Kremlin Slid into the Chechen War," New York Times (February 1, 2000): A6.
28. Pavel Felgenhauer, "Terrorists Didn't Start the War," St. Petersburg Times (January 21, 2000); Michael R. Gordon, "A Look at How the Kremlin Slid into the Chechen War," New York Times (February 1, 2000): A6.
29. ITAR-TASS (August 7, 1999), in WNC:SOV (August 7, 1999).
30. First Person, p. 140.
31. Sergei Kovalev, "Putin's War," New York Review of Books 47, no. 2 (February 10, 2000): 6.
32. "Dizzy With Success," Moscow Times (January 18, 2000); on the Ryazan bombs, see Will Englund, "Russian Bombs Set Off Whispers," Baltimore Sun (January 14, 2000): A1. Also see George Soros, "Who Lost Russia?" New York Review of Books 47, no. 6, (April 13, 2000): 8-16. Soros raises the possibility that Boris Berezovskii arranged the bombings on Putin's behalf.
33. "Dizzy With Success," Moscow Times (January 18, 2000); on the Ryazan bombs, see Will Englund, "Russian Bombs Set Off Whispers," Baltimore Sun (January 14, 2000): A1. Also see George Soros, "Who Lost Russia?" New York Review of Books 47, no. 6, (April 13, 2000): 8-16. Soros raises the possibility that Boris Berezovskii arranged the bombings on Putin's behalf.
34. "Dizzy With Success," Moscow Times (January 18, 2000); on the Ryazan bombs, see Will Englund, "Russian Bombs Set Off Whispers," Baltimore Sun (January 14, 2000): A1. Also see George Soros, "Who Lost Russia?" New York Review of Books 47, no. 6, (April 13, 2000): 8-16. Soros raises the possibility that Boris Berezovskii arranged the bombings on Putin's behalf.
35. Kovalev, "Putin's War."
36. On this point, see Keith Darden's comments, "Democracy at Work?" in Johnson's Russia List, no. 4230, April 6, 2000.
37. Anne Applebaum, "Secret Agent Man," Weekly Standard (April 10, 2000); First Person, p. 94.
38. Anne Applebaum, "Secret Agent Man," Weekly Standard (April 10, 2000); First Person, p. 94.
39. See Bill Powell and Yevgenia Albats, "Russia's Mystery Man: Who Is Vladimir Putin? A Look at His Rise to Power," Newsweek (January 17, 2000): 30.
40. Oleg Kalugin, The First Directorate: My Thirty-Two Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), p. 302.
41. First Person, pp. 87-94.
42. See, for example, Applebaum, "Secret Agent Man"; J. Michael Waller, "Portrait of Putin's Past," Perspective (January/February 2000): 1, 10-13.
43. Komsomolskaia pravda (January 26, 2000).
44. Kalugin, First Directorate, p. 293.
45. On Chereksov and the Nikitin case, see Knight, "Security Services and the Decline of Democracy," pp. 23-25. Also see an interview with Cherkesov about his KGB career in Smena (March 18, 1993): 3.
46. Chernyak, "Putin's Men."
47. See Putin's comments on Babitskii in First Person, pp. 169-75.
48. As quoted in Amelia Gentleman, "KGB Returns to Stalk Russians," Observer (UK) (April 23, 2000).
49. As quoted by Robyn Dixon, "Journalists Under Pressure to Follow Kremlin's Lead," Los Angeles Times (February 8, 2000).
50. Jen Tracy, "Russia's Electronic Police Get Carte Blanche," St. Petersburg Times (January 14, 2000).
51. Julie Corwin, "Putin Seeks Greater Control of Regions," RFE/RL Daily Report (April 5, 2000).
52. Kovalev, "Putin's War," p. 8.