메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 4037-4049

Functional consequences of reduction in NMDA receptor glycine affinity in mice carrying targeted point mutations in the glycine binding site

Author keywords

Glycine site; Grin1; LTP; NMDA receptor; NMDAR1; Spatial memory

Indexed keywords

GLYCINE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR;

EID: 0034212705     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.20-11-04037.2000     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (97)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0031961764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of amino acid residues of the NR2A subunit that control glutamate potency in recombinant NR1/NR2A NMDA receptors
    • Anson LC, Chen PE, Wyllie DJA, Colquhoun D, Schoepfer R (1998) Identification of amino acid residues of the NR2A subunit that control glutamate potency in recombinant NR1/NR2A NMDA receptors. J Neurosci 18:581-589.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 581-589
    • Anson, L.C.1    Chen, P.E.2    Wyllie, D.J.A.3    Colquhoun, D.4    Schoepfer, R.5
  • 2
    • 0032531672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple limbic regions mediate the disruption of prepulsc inhibition produced in rats by the non-competitive NMDA antagonist dizolcilpine
    • Bakshi VP, Geyer MA (1998) Multiple limbic regions mediate the disruption of prepulsc inhibition produced in rats by the non-competitive NMDA antagonist dizolcilpine. J Neurosci 18:8394-8401.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 8394-8401
    • Bakshi, V.P.1    Geyer, M.A.2
  • 3
    • 0033026480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of prepulse inhibition and increases in locomotor activity by competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in rats
    • Bakshi VP, Tricklebank M, Neijt HC, Lehmann-Masten V, Geyer MA (1999) Disruption of prepulse inhibition and increases in locomotor activity by competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288:643-652.
    • (1999) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.288 , pp. 643-652
    • Bakshi, V.P.1    Tricklebank, M.2    Neijt, H.C.3    Lehmann-Masten, V.4    Geyer, M.A.5
  • 5
    • 0025974234 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic analysis of antagonist action at N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors
    • Benveniste M, Mayer ML (1991) Kinetic analysis of antagonist action at N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors. Biophys J 59:560-573.
    • (1991) Biophys J , vol.59 , pp. 560-573
    • Benveniste, M.1    Mayer, M.L.2
  • 6
    • 0032415129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycine uptake governs glycine site occupancy at NMDA receptors of excitatory synapses
    • Berger AJ, Dieudonne S, Ascher P (1998) Glycine uptake governs glycine site occupancy at NMDA receptors of excitatory synapses. J Neurophysiol 80:3336-3340.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.80 , pp. 3336-3340
    • Berger, A.J.1    Dieudonne, S.2    Ascher, P.3
  • 7
    • 0032441894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function by glycine transport
    • Bergeron R, Meyer TM, Coyle JT, Greene RW (1998) Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function by glycine transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:15730-15734.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 15730-15734
    • Bergeron, R.1    Meyer, T.M.2    Coyle, J.T.3    Greene, R.W.4
  • 8
    • 0027476024 scopus 로고
    • A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
    • Bliss TV, Collingridge GL (1993) A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature 361:31-39.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 31-39
    • Bliss, T.V.1    Collingridge, G.L.2
  • 9
    • 0027213413 scopus 로고
    • Two glycine transporter variants with distinct localization in the CNS and peripheral tissues are encoded by a common gene
    • Borowsky B, Mezey E, Hoffman BJ (1993) Two glycine transporter variants with distinct localization in the CNS and peripheral tissues are encoded by a common gene. Neuron 10:851-863.
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.10 , pp. 851-863
    • Borowsky, B.1    Mezey, E.2    Hoffman, B.J.3
  • 10
    • 0028948571 scopus 로고
    • The glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, L-701,324 reverses isolation-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition in the rat
    • Bristow LJ, Landon L, Saywell KL, Tricklebank MD (1995) The glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, L-701,324 reverses isolation-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition in the rat. Psychopharmacology 118:230-232.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.118 , pp. 230-232
    • Bristow, L.J.1    Landon, L.2    Saywell, K.L.3    Tricklebank, M.D.4
  • 11
    • 0018639079 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuleasc
    • Chirgwin JM, Przybyla AE, MacDonald RJ, Rutter WJ (1979) Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuleasc. Biochemistry 18:5294-5299.
    • (1979) Biochemistry , vol.18 , pp. 5294-5299
    • Chirgwin, J.M.1    Przybyla, A.E.2    MacDonald, R.J.3    Rutter, W.J.4
  • 12
    • 0025944430 scopus 로고
    • Activation kinetics reveal the number of glutamate and glycine binding sites on the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
    • Clements JD, Westbrook GL (1991) Activation kinetics reveal the number of glutamate and glycine binding sites on the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Neuron 7:605-613.
    • (1991) Neuron , vol.7 , pp. 605-613
    • Clements, J.D.1    Westbrook, G.L.2
  • 13
    • 0029917198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pentameric subunit stoichiometry of a neuronal glutamate receptor
    • Ferrer-Montiel AV, Montal M (1996) Pentameric subunit stoichiometry of a neuronal glutamate receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:2741-2744.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 2741-2744
    • Ferrer-Montiel, A.V.1    Montal, M.2
  • 14
    • 0031443289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ro 25-6981, a highly potent and selective blocker of W-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing the NR2B subunit. Characterization in vitro
    • Fischer G, Mutel V, Trube G, Malherbe P, Kew JNC, Mohacsi E, Heitz M-P, Kemp JA (1997) Ro 25-6981, a highly potent and selective blocker of W-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing the NR2B subunit. Characterization in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283:1285-1292.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.283 , pp. 1285-1292
    • Fischer, G.1    Mutel, V.2    Trube, G.3    Malherbe, P.4    Kew, J.N.C.5    Mohacsi, E.6    Heitz, M.-P.7    Kemp, J.A.8
  • 16
    • 0030862847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive NMDA and strychnine-insensitive glycine-site antagonists disrupt prepulse inhibition
    • Furuya Y, Ogura H (1997) Competitive NMDA and strychnine-insensitive glycine-site antagonists disrupt prepulse inhibition. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 57:909-913.
    • (1997) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.57 , pp. 909-913
    • Furuya, Y.1    Ogura, H.2
  • 17
    • 0021895138 scopus 로고
    • A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties
    • Grynkiewicz G, Poenic M, Tsien RY (1985) A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. J Biol Chem 260:3440-3450.
    • (1985) J Biol Chem , vol.260 , pp. 3440-3450
    • Grynkiewicz, G.1    Poenic, M.2    Tsien, R.Y.3
  • 18
    • 0027280936 scopus 로고
    • Independent control of immunoglobulin switch recombination at individual switch regions evidenced through Cre-loxP-mediated gene targeting
    • Gu H, Zou YR, Rajewsky K (1993) Independent control of immunoglobulin switch recombination at individual switch regions evidenced through Cre-loxP-mediated gene targeting. Cell 73:1155-1164.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 1155-1164
    • Gu, H.1    Zou, Y.R.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 19
    • 0033578892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical evidence for the co-association of three N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) R2 subunits in recombinant NMDA receptors
    • Hawkins LM, Chazot PL, Stephenson FA (1999) Biochemical evidence for the co-association of three N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) R2 subunits in recombinant NMDA receptors. J Biol Chem 274:27211-27218.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 27211-27218
    • Hawkins, L.M.1    Chazot, P.L.2    Stephenson, F.A.3
  • 20
    • 0029893942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glycine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1: Identification of novel determinants of co-agonist potentiation in the extracellular M3-M4 loop region
    • Hirai H, Kirsch J, Laube B, Betz H, Kuhse J (1996) The glycine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1: identification of novel determinants of co-agonist potentiation in the extracellular M3-M4 loop region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:6031-6036.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 6031-6036
    • Hirai, H.1    Kirsch, J.2    Laube, B.3    Betz, H.4    Kuhse, J.5
  • 21
  • 23
    • 0014424692 scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive observational assessment: Ia. A systematic, quantitative procedure for assessing the behavioral and psychologic state of the mouse
    • Irwin S (1968) Comprehensive observational assessment: Ia. A systematic, quantitative procedure for assessing the behavioral and psychologic state of the mouse. Psychopharmacologia 13:222-257.
    • (1968) Psychopharmacologia , vol.13 , pp. 222-257
    • Irwin, S.1
  • 24
    • 0023091647 scopus 로고
    • Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons
    • Johnson JW, Ascher P (1987) Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons. Nature 325:529-531.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.325 , pp. 529-531
    • Johnson, J.W.1    Ascher, P.2
  • 25
    • 0027469106 scopus 로고
    • The glycine site of the NMDA receptor -five years on
    • Kemp JA, Leeson PD (1993) The glycine site of the NMDA receptor -five years on. Trends Pharmacol Sci 14:20-25.
    • (1993) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.14 , pp. 20-25
    • Kemp, J.A.1    Leeson, P.D.2
  • 26
    • 0003119165 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the agonist-dependency of the block produced by uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists on rat cortical slices
    • Kemp JA, Marshall GR, Priestley T (1991) A comparison of the agonist-dependency of the block produced by uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists on rat cortical slices. Mol Pharmacol 1:65-70.
    • (1991) Mol Pharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 65-70
    • Kemp, J.A.1    Marshall, G.R.2    Priestley, T.3
  • 27
    • 0032521090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in NMDA receptor glycine affinity and ifenprodil sensitivity reveal three distinct populations of NMDA receptors in individual rat cortical neurons
    • Kew JNC, Richards JG, Mutel V, Kemp JA (1998) Developmental changes in NMDA receptor glycine affinity and ifenprodil sensitivity reveal three distinct populations of NMDA receptors in individual rat cortical neurons. J Neurosci 18:1935-1943.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 1935-1943
    • Kew, J.N.C.1    Richards, J.G.2    Mutel, V.3    Kemp, J.A.4
  • 28
    • 0023754192 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for glycine in activation of NMDA-receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Kleckner NW, Dingledine R (1988) Requirement for glycine in activation of NMDA-receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Science 241:835-837.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 835-837
    • Kleckner, N.W.1    Dingledine, R.2
  • 29
    • 0031974244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A characterisation of anxiolytic-like actions induced by the novel NMDA/glycine site antagonist, L-701,324
    • Kotlinska J, Liljequist S (1998) A characterisation of anxiolytic-like actions induced by the novel NMDA/glycine site antagonist, L-701,324. Psychopharmacology 135:175-181.
    • (1998) Psychopharmacology , vol.135 , pp. 175-181
    • Kotlinska, J.1    Liljequist, S.2
  • 30
    • 0030944443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the strychnine-insensitive glycine binding site in the nucleus accumbens and anterodorsal striatum in sensorimotor gating: A behavioural and microdialysis study
    • Kretschmer BD, Koch M (1997) Role of the strychnine-insensitive glycine binding site in the nucleus accumbens and anterodorsal striatum in sensorimotor gating: a behavioural and microdialysis study. Psychopharmacology 130:131-138.
    • (1997) Psychopharmacology , vol.130 , pp. 131-138
    • Kretschmer, B.D.1    Koch, M.2
  • 31
    • 0030815925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACEA 1021, a glycine site antagonist with minor psychotomimetic and amnestic effects in rats
    • Kretschmer BD, Kratzer U, Beithecker K, Koch M (1997) ACEA 1021, a glycine site antagonist with minor psychotomimetic and amnestic effects in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 331:109-116.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.331 , pp. 109-116
    • Kretschmer, B.D.1    Kratzer, U.2    Beithecker, K.3    Koch, M.4
  • 32
    • 0028284469 scopus 로고
    • Mutational analysis of the glycine-binding site of the NMDA receptor: Structural similarity with bacterial amino acid-binding proteins
    • Kuryatov A, Laube B, Betz H, Kuhse J (1994) Mutational analysis of the glycine-binding site of the NMDA receptor: structural similarity with bacterial amino acid-binding proteins. Neuron 12:1291-1300.
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.12 , pp. 1291-1300
    • Kuryatov, A.1    Laube, B.2    Betz, H.3    Kuhse, J.4
  • 35
    • 0023856872 scopus 로고
    • Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the induction of synaptic potentiation by burst stimulation patterned after the hippocampal theta-rhythm
    • Larson J, Lynch G (1988) Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the induction of synaptic potentiation by burst stimulation patterned after the hippocampal theta-rhythm. Brain Res 441:111-118.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.441 , pp. 111-118
    • Larson, J.1    Lynch, G.2
  • 36
    • 0030991790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of agonist discrimination by NMDA receptor subunits: Analysis of the glutamate binding site on the NR2B subunit
    • Laube B, Hirai H, Sturgess M, Betz H, Kuhse J (1997) Molecular determinants of agonist discrimination by NMDA receptor subunits: analysis of the glutamate binding site on the NR2B subunit. Neuron 18:493-503.
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.18 , pp. 493-503
    • Laube, B.1    Hirai, H.2    Sturgess, M.3    Betz, H.4    Kuhse, J.5
  • 37
    • 0032523002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a tetrameric structure of recombinant NMDA receptors
    • Laube B, Kuhse J, Betz H (1998) Evidence for a tetrameric structure of recombinant NMDA receptors. J Neurosci 18:2954-2961.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 2954-2961
    • Laube, B.1    Kuhse, J.2    Betz, H.3
  • 38
    • 0028173680 scopus 로고
    • Whisker-related neuronal patterns fail to develop in the trigeminal brainstem nuclei of NMDAR1 knockout mice
    • Li Y, Erzurumlu RS, Chen C, Jhaveri S, Tonegawa S (1994) Whisker-related neuronal patterns fail to develop in the trigeminal brainstem nuclei of NMDAR1 knockout mice. Cell 76:427-437.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 427-437
    • Li, Y.1    Erzurumlu, R.S.2    Chen, C.3    Jhaveri, S.4    Tonegawa, S.5
  • 41
    • 0028343648 scopus 로고
    • Developmental and regional expression in the rat brain and functional properties of four NMDA receptors
    • Monyer H, Burnashev N, Laurie DJ, Sakmann B, Seeburg PH (1994) Developmental and regional expression in the rat brain and functional properties of four NMDA receptors. Neuron 12:529-540.
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.12 , pp. 529-540
    • Monyer, H.1    Burnashev, N.2    Laurie, D.J.3    Sakmann, B.4    Seeburg, P.H.5
  • 42
    • 0019957779 scopus 로고
    • Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions
    • Morris RG, Garrud P, Rowlins JN, O'Keefe J (1982) Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Nature 297:681-683.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.297 , pp. 681-683
    • Morris, R.G.1    Garrud, P.2    Rowlins, J.N.3    O'Keefe, J.4
  • 43
    • 0022650213 scopus 로고
    • Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. AP5
    • Morris RG, Anderson E, Lynch GS, Baudry M (1986) Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. AP5. Nature 319:774-776.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 774-776
    • Morris, R.G.1    Anderson, E.2    Lynch, G.S.3    Baudry, M.4
  • 44
    • 0031969962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro binding properties in rat brain of [3H] Ro 25-6981, a potent and selective antagonist of NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits
    • Mutel V, Buchy D, Klingelschmidt A, Messer J, Bleuel Z, Kemp JA, Richards JG (1998) In vitro binding properties in rat brain of [3H] Ro 25-6981, a potent and selective antagonist of NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits. J Neurochem 70:2147-2155.
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.70 , pp. 2147-2155
    • Mutel, V.1    Buchy, D.2    Klingelschmidt, A.3    Messer, J.4    Bleuel, Z.5    Kemp, J.A.6    Richards, J.G.7
  • 45
    • 0030722469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stoichiometry of recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels inferred from single-channel current patterns
    • Premkumar LS, Auerbach A (1997) Stoichiometry of recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channels inferred from single-channel current patterns. J Gen Physiol 110:485-502.
    • (1997) J Gen Physiol , vol.110 , pp. 485-502
    • Premkumar, L.S.1    Auerbach, A.2
  • 46
    • 0027732736 scopus 로고
    • Agonist response kinetics of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in neurons cultured from rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum: Evidence for receptor heterogeneity
    • Priestley T, Kemp JA (1993) Agonist response kinetics of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in neurons cultured from rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum: evidence for receptor heterogeneity. Mol Pharmacol 44:1252-1257.
    • (1993) Mol Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 1252-1257
    • Priestley, T.1    Kemp, J.A.2
  • 47
    • 0028823737 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological properties of recombinant human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors comprising NR1a/NR2A and NR1a/NR2B subunit assemblies expressed in permanently transfected mouse fibroblast cells
    • Priestley T, Laughton P, Myers J, Le Bourdelles B, Kerby J, Whiting PJ (1995) Pharmacological properties of recombinant human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors comprising NR1a/NR2A and NR1a/NR2B subunit assemblies expressed in permanently transfected mouse fibroblast cells. Mol Pharmacol 48:841-848.
    • (1995) Mol Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 841-848
    • Priestley, T.1    Laughton, P.2    Myers, J.3    Le Bourdelles, B.4    Kerby, J.5    Whiting, P.J.6
  • 48
    • 0026772797 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of a glycine transporter reveal colocalization with NMDA receptors
    • Smith KE, Borden LA, Hartig PR, Branchek T, Weinshank RL (1992) Cloning and expression of a glycine transporter reveal colocalization with NMDA receptors. Neuron 8:927-935.
    • (1992) Neuron , vol.8 , pp. 927-935
    • Smith, K.E.1    Borden, L.A.2    Hartig, P.R.3    Branchek, T.4    Weinshank, R.L.5
  • 49
    • 0026766877 scopus 로고
    • Structures and properties of 7 isoforms of the NMDA receptor generated by alternative splicing
    • Sugihara H, Moriyoshi K, Ishii T, Masu M, Nakanishi S (1992) Structures and properties of 7 isoforms of the NMDA receptor generated by alternative splicing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 185:826-832.
    • (1992) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.185 , pp. 826-832
    • Sugihara, H.1    Moriyoshi, K.2    Ishii, T.3    Masu, M.4    Nakanishi, S.5
  • 50
    • 0030919910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of NMDA receptor activation by a glycine transporter co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes
    • Supplisson S, Bergman C (1997) Control of NMDA receptor activation by a glycine transporter co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Neurosci 17:4580-4590.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 4580-4590
    • Supplisson, S.1    Bergman, C.2
  • 51
    • 0030446363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory
    • Tsien JZ, Huerta PT, Tonegawa S (1996) The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory. Cell 87:1327-1338.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 1327-1338
    • Tsien, J.Z.1    Huerta, P.T.2    Tonegawa, S.3
  • 52
    • 0028921951 scopus 로고
    • Identification of amino acids in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit that contribute to the glycine binding site
    • Wafford KA, Kathoria M, Bain CJ, Marshall G, Le Bourdelles B, Kemp JA, Whiting PJ (1995) Identification of amino acids in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit that contribute to the glycine binding site. Mol Pharmacol 47:374-380.
    • (1995) Mol Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 374-380
    • Wafford, K.A.1    Kathoria, M.2    Bain, C.J.3    Marshall, G.4    Le Bourdelles, B.5    Kemp, J.A.6    Whiting, P.J.7
  • 53
    • 0027092373 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in distribution of NMDA receptor channel subunit mRNAs
    • Watanabe M, Inoue Y, Sakimura K, Mishina M (1992) Developmental changes in distribution of NMDA receptor channel subunit mRNAs. NeuroReport 3:1138-1140.
    • (1992) NeuroReport , vol.3 , pp. 1138-1140
    • Watanabe, M.1    Inoue, Y.2    Sakimura, K.3    Mishina, M.4
  • 54
    • 0028009515 scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of amino acids in extracellular fluid after opening of the blood-brain barrier by intracarotid infusion of protamine sulfate
    • Westergren I, Nystrom B, Hamberger A, Nordborg C, Johansson B (1994) Concentrations of amino acids in extracellular fluid after opening of the blood-brain barrier by intracarotid infusion of protamine sulfate. J Neurochem 62:159-165.
    • (1994) J Neurochem , vol.62 , pp. 159-165
    • Westergren, I.1    Nystrom, B.2    Hamberger, A.3    Nordborg, C.4    Johansson, B.5
  • 55
    • 0002429430 scopus 로고
    • Production of targeted embryonic stem cell clones
    • (Joyner AL, ed), Oxford: IRL
    • Wurst W, Joyner AL (1993) Production of targeted embryonic stem cell clones. In: Gene targeting, a practical approach (Joyner AL, ed), pp 34-61. Oxford: IRL.
    • (1993) Gene Targeting, a Practical Approach , pp. 34-61
    • Wurst, W.1    Joyner, A.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.