Dinucleotide repeat expansion in the CTLA-4 gene leads to T cell hyper-reactivity via the CD28 pathway in myasthenia gravis

Journal of Neuroimmunology

Volumn 105, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 69-77

  Huang, Deren ^a   Giscombe, Ricardo ^a   Zhou, Yihua ^a   Pirskanen, Ritva ^b   Lefvert, Ann Kari ^a  

^a Center for Molecular Medicine   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Co stimulatory molecules; Gene regulation; T lymphocytes

Indexed keywords

CD28 ANTIGEN; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; DINUCLEOTIDE; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; MICROSATELLITE DNA; TELOMERASE;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE; GENE CONTROL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MONONUCLEAR CELL; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ANTIGENS, CD; ANTIGENS, CD28; ANTIGENS, CD3; ANTIGENS, DIFFERENTIATION; CELLS, CULTURED; DINUCLEOTIDE REPEATS; HUMANS; IMMUNOCONJUGATES; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-2; T-LYMPHOCYTES; TELOMERASE;

EID: 0034212144     PISSN: 01655728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00191-0     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Åhlberg R., Yi Q., Pirskanen R., Matell G., Swerup C., Rieber E.P., et al. Treatment of myasthenia gravis with anti-CD4 antibody: Improvement correlates to decreased T cell autoreactivity. Neurology. 44:1994;1732-1737.
2. Alegre M.-L., Noel P.J., Eisfelder B.J., Chuang E., Clark M.R., Reiner S.L., et al. Regulation of surface and intracellular expression of CTLA-4 on mouse T cells. J. Immunol. 157:1996;4762-4770.
3. Allison J.P., Krummel M.F. The Yin and Yang of T cell costimulation. Science. 270:1995;932-933.
4. Balasa B., Deng C., Lee J., Bradley L.M., Dalton D.K., Christadoss P., et al. Interferon γ (IFN-γ) is necessary for genesis of acetylcholine receptor-induced clinical experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in mice. J. Exp. Med. 186:1997;385-391.
5. Blackburn E.H. Telomerase. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61:1992;113-129.
6. Bodnar A.G., Kim N.W., Effros R.B., Chiu C.-P. Mechanism of telomerase induction during T cell activation. Exp. Cell. Res. 228:1996;58-64.
7. Bodnar A.G., Ouellette M., Frolkis M., Holt S.E., Chiu C.-P., Morin G.B., et al. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science. 279:1998;349-352.
8. Broccoli D., Young J.W., de Lange T. Telomerase activity in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;9082-9086.
9. Buchkovich K.J., Greider C.W. Telomerase regulation during entry into the cell cycle in normal human T cells. Mol. Biol. Cell. 7:1996;1443-1454.
10. Carlesimo M., Pontesilli O., Varani A.R., Bernardi M.L., Mazzone A.M., Rosso R., et al. CD28 costimulation and T-lymphocyte proliferative responses in HIV-1 infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 109:1997;406-411.
11. Cerdan C., Martin Y., Courcoul M., Brailly H., Mawas C., Birg F., et al. Prolonged IL-2 receptor α/CD25 expression after T cell activation via the adhesion molecules CD2 and CD28: demonstration of combined transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. J. Immunol. 149:1992;2255-2261.
12. Chambers C.A., Allison J.P. Co-stimulation in T cell responses. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9:1997;396-404.
13. + T cells. Immunity. 7:1997;885-895.
14. Counter C.M., Gupta J., Harley C.B., Leber B., Bacchetti S. Telomerase activity in normal leukocytes and hematologic malignancies. Blood. 85:1995;2315-2320.
15. Cross A.H., Girard T.J., Giacoletto K.S., Evans R.J., Keeling R.M., Lin R.F., et al. Long-term inhibition of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using CTLA-4-Fc supports a key role for CD28 costimulation. J. Clin. Invest. 95:1995;2783-2789.
16. Dariavach P., Mattei M.G., Golstein P., Lefranc M.P. Human Ig superfamily CTLA-4 gene: chromosomal localization and identity of protein sequence between murine and human CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domains. Eur. J. Immunol. 18:1988;1901-1905.
17. Fallarino F., Fields P.E., Gajewski T.F. B7-1 Engagement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibits T cell activation in the absence of CD28. J. Exp. Med. 188:1998;205-210.
18. Finn P.W., He H., Wang Y., Wang Z., Guan G., Listman J., et al. Synergistic induction of CTLA-4 expression by costimulation with TCR plus CD28 signals mediated by increased transcriptional and messanger ribonucleic acid stability. J. Immunol. 158:1997;4074-4081.
19. Fraser J.D., Irving B.A., Crabtree G.R., Weiss A. Regulation of interleukin-2 gene enhancer activity by the T cell accessory molecule CD28. Science. 251:1991;313-316.
20. Green J.M., Noel P.J., Sperling A.I., Walnunas T.L., Gray G.S., Bluestone J.A., et al. Absence of B7-dependent responses in CD28-deficient mice. Immunity. 1:1994;501-508.
21. Gu D., Wogensen L., Calcutt A.A., Xia C., Zhu S., Merlie J.P., et al. Myasthenia gravis-like syndrome induced by expression of interferon γ in the neuromuscular junction. J. Exp. Med. 181:1995;547-557.
22. Hiyama K., Hirai Y., Kyoizumi S., Akiyama M., Hiyama E., Piatyszek M.A., et al. Activation of telomerase in human lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells. J. Immunol. 155:1995;3711-3715.
23. Hohlfeld R., Toyka K.V., Heininger K., Gross-Wilde H., Kalies I. Autoimmune human T lymphocytes specific for acetylcholine receptor. Nature. 310:1984;244-246.
24. Huang D., Liu L., Norén K., Xia S., Trifunovic J., Pirskanen R., et al. Genetic association of Ctla-4 to myasthenia gravis with thymoma. J. Neuroimmunol. 88:1998;192-198.
25. Huang, D., Giscombe, R., Zhou, Z., Lefvert, A.K., 1999. Polymorphisms in CTLA-4 but not TNF-α or IL-1β genes are associated with Wegener's granulomatosis. J. Rheumatol., in press.
26. Iwama H., Ohyashiki K., Ohyashiki J.H., Hayashi S., Yahata N., Ando K., et al. Telomeric length and telomerase activity vary with age in peripheral blood cells obtained from normal individuals. Hum. Genet. 102:1998;397-402.
27. Kim N.W., Piatyszek M.A., Prowse K.R., Harley C.B., West M.D., Ho P.L.C., et al. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science. 266:1994;2011-2015.
28. Kosciolek B.A., Rowley P.T. Human lymphocyte telomerase is genetically regulated. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer. 21:1998;124-130.
29. Kotsa K., Watson P.F., Weetman A.P. A CTLA-4 gene polymorphism is associated with both Graves' disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism. Clin. Endocriol. 46:1997;551-554.
30. Krummel M.F., Allison J.P. CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation. J. Exp. Med. 182:1995;459-465.
31. Leach D.R., Krummel M.F., Allison J.P. Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade. Science. 271:1996;1734-1736.
32. Levisette M.G., Padrid P.A., Szot G.L., Mittal N., Meehan S.M., Wardrip C.L., et al. Immunosuppressive effects of human CTLA4Ig in a non-human primate model of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation. J. Immunol. 159:1997;5187-5191.
33. Lin H., Rathmell J.C., Gray G.S., Thompson C.B., Leiden J.M., Alegre M.-L. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) blockade accelerates the acute rejection of cardiac allografts in CD28-deficient mice: CTLA4 can function independently of CD28. J. Exp. Med. 188:1998;199-204.
34. Lindstrom J., Einarson B., Tzartos S. Production and assay of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor. Meth. Enzymol. 74:1981;432-460.
35. Linsley P.S., Bradshaw J., Greene J., Peach R., Bennett K.L., Mittler R.S. Intracellular trafficking of CTLA-4 and focal localization towards sites of TCR engagement. Immunity. 4:1996;535-543.
36. Linsley P.S., Greene J.L., Tan P., Bradshaw J., Ledbetter J.A., Anasetti C., et al. Coexpression and functional cooperation of CTLA-4 and CD28 on activated T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 176:1992;1595-1604.
37. Lovett-Racke A.E., Trotter J.L., Lauber J., Perrin P.J., June C.H., Racke M.K. Decreased dependence of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells on CD28-mediated costimulation in multiple sclerosis patients. J. Clin. Invest. 101:1998;725-730.
38. Marron M.P., Raffel L.J., Garchon H.-J., Jacob C.O., Serrano-Rios M., Larrad M.T.M., et al. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with CTLA4 polymorphisms in multiple ethnic groups. Human Mol. Gen. 6:1997;1275-1282.
39. Maselli R.A., Richman D.P., Wollman R.L. Inflammation at the neuromuscular junction in myasthenia gravis. Neurology. 41:1991;1497-1504.
40. McIntosh K.R., Linsley P.S., Bacha P.A., Drachman D.B. Immunotherapy of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: selective effects of CTLA4Ig and synergistic combination with an IL2-diphtheria toxin fusion protein. J. Neuroimmunol. 87:1998;136-146.
41. Miller S.D., Vanderlugt C.L., Lenschow D.J., Pope J.G., Karandikar N.J., dal Canto M.C., et al. Blockade of CD28/B7-1 interaction prevents epitope spreading and clinical relapses of murine EAE. Immunity. 3:1995;739-745.
42. Nagvekar N., Moody A.-M., Moss P., Roxanis I., Curnow J., Beeson D., et al. A pathogenetic role for the thymoma in myasthenia gravis: autosensitization of IL-4-producing T cell clones recognizing extracellular acetylcholine receptor epitopes presented by minority class II isotypes. J. Clin. Invest. 101:1998;2268-2277.
43. Nistico L., Buzzetti R., Pritchard L.E., Van der Auwera B., Giovannini C., Bosi E., et al. The CTLA-4 gene region of chromosome 2q33 is linked to, and associated with, type 1 diabetes. Human Mol. Gen. 5:1996;1075-1080.
44. Pan C., Xue B.-H., Ells T.M., Peace D.J., Diaz M.O. Changes in telomerase activity and telomere length during human T lymphocyte senescence. Exp. Cell. Res. 231:1997;346-353.
45. Sagerstrom C.G., Kerr E.M., Allison J.P., Davis M.M. Activation and differentiation requirements of primary T cells in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;8987-8991.
46. Shahinian A., Pfeffer K., Lee K.P., Kundig T.M., Kishihara K., Wakeham A., et al. Differential T cell costimulatory requirements in CD28-deficient mice. Science. 261:1993;609-612.
47. Shaw G., Kamen R. A conserved AU sequence from the 3′ untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation. Cell. 46:1986;659-667.
48. Thompson C.B., Lindsten T., Ledbetter J.A., Kunkel S.L., Young H.A., Emerson S.G., et al. CD28 activation pathway regulates the production of multiple T-cell-derived lymphokines/cytokines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:1989;1333-1337.
49. Tivol E.A., Borriello F., Schweitzer A.N., Lynch W.P., Bluestone J.A., Sharpe A.H. Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4. Immunity. 3:1995;541-547.
50. Tivol E.A., Boyd S.D., McKeon S., Borriello F., Nickerson P., Strom T.B., et al. CTLA4Ig prevents lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction in CTLA-4-deficient mice. J. Immunol. 158:1997;5091-5094.
51. Toyooka K., Maruo S., Iwahori T., Yamamoto N., Tai X., Abe T., et al. CD28 co-stimulatory signals induce IL-2 receptor expression on antigen-stimulated virgin T cells by an IL-2-independent mechanism. Int. Immunol. 8:1996;159-169.
52. Truffault F., Cohen-Kaminsky S., Khalil I., Levasseur P., Berrih-Aknin S. Altered intrathymic T cell repertoire in human myasthenia gravis. Ann. Neurol. 41:1997;731-741.
53. Turka L.A., Linsley P.S., Lin H., Brady W., Leiden J.M., Wei R.-Q., et al. T-cell activation by the CD28 ligand B7 is required for cardiac allograft rejection in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:1992;11102-11105.
54. Waldmann T.A. The IL-2/IL-2 receptor system: a target for rational immune intervention. Immunol. Today. 14:1993;264-270.
55. Walunas T.L., Bakker C.Y., Bluestone J.A. CTLA-4 ligation blocks CD28-dependent T cell activation. J. Exp. Med. 183:1996;2541-2550.
56. Waterhouse P., Penninger J.M., Timms E., Wakeham A., Shahinian A., Lee K.P., et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4. Science. 270:1995;985-988.
57. Weinberg R.A. Telomerase: Bumps on the road to immortality. Nature. 396:1998;23-24.
58. Weng N.-P., Levine B.L., June C.H., Hodes R.J. Human naive and memory T lymphocytes differ in telomeric length and replicative potential. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;11091-11094.
59. Weng N., Levine B.L., June C.H., Hodes R.J. Regulated expression of telomerase activity in human T lymphocyte development and activation. J. Exp. Med. 183:1996;2471-2479.
60. Weng N., Levine B.L., June C.H., Hodes R.J. Regulation of telomerase RNA template expression in human T lymphocyte development and activation. J. Immunol. 158:1997;3215-3220.
61. Xu D., Gruber A., Peterson C., Pisa P. Telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase components in acute myelogenous leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol. 95:1998;1367-1375.
62. Yanagawa T., Hidaka Y., Guimaraes V., Soliman M., DeGroot L.J. CTLA-4 gene polymorphism associated with Graves' disease in a Caucasian population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Met. 80:1995;41-45.
63. Yi Q., Lefvert A.K. Idiotypic and antiidiotypic T and B lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis. J. Immunol. 149:1992;3423-3426.
64. Yi-qun Z., Lorre K., de Boer M., Ceuppens J.L. B7-blocking agents, alone or in combination with cyclosporine A, induce antigen-specific anergy of human memory T cells. J. Immunol. 158:1997;4734-4740.