Internationalism and nationalism: The Rockefeller Foundation, public health, and malaria in Italy, 1923-1951

Parassitologia

Volumn 42, Issue 1-2, 2000, Pages 127-134

  Stapleton, Darwin H ^a  

^a Rockefeller Archive Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Alberto Missiroli; Istituto Superiore di Sanit ; Italy; Lewis Hackett; Rockefeller Foundation; Stazione Sperimentale per la Lotta Antimalarica

Indexed keywords

ART; ARTICLE; HISTORY; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; ITALY; MALARIA; NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION; PUBLIC HEALTH;

FOUNDATIONS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; ITALY; MALARIA; PORTRAITS; PUBLIC HEALTH;

EID: 0034208870     PISSN: 00482951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author, and are not intended to represent the current views or policies of the Rockefeller Foundation. The Rockefeller Archive Center is a division of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.
2. Pauline A. Mead (1955). The Rockefeller Foundation: operations and research in the control and eradication of malaria. Rockefeller Foundation, New York, pp 22-26, 68-70, 72. This typescript is in the library of the Rockefeller Archive Center [hereafter RAC].
3. Lutrario to Wickliffe Rose, 30 December 1922, Hackett files, box 13, RG 9, Rockefeller Foundation Archives [hereafter RFA].
4. Bernardino Fantini (1994). La scoperta dei meccanismi di trasmissione e la lotta contro la malaria in Italia. Medicina nei Secoli Arte e Scienza 6: 181-212.
5. Lewis W. Hackett [hereafter LWH] diary, 29 January 1924, folder 382, box 59, series 2, RG 5, RFA, RAC, Sleepy Hollow, NY; LWH to F.F. Russell, 2 August 1924, folder 3, box 1, LWH Papers, RAC.
6. English translation of the obituary notice for Alberto Missiroli that appeared in Rivista di Malariologia 13 (Jan 1952): Missiroli, Alberto - Biography, folder, box 3, John Z. Bowers Papers, RAC.
7. Greer Williams (1969). The plague killers. Scribner's, New York, pp 110-122.
8. LWH to F.F. Russell, 13 April 1927, folder 3959, box 311, series 1.2, RG 5, RFA.
9. LWH to LER, 6 February 1927, folder 5, box 1, Hackett Papers.
10. In December 1925 Mussolini told the Italian parliament that 'life is about struggle, daring, and determination', and about the same time initiated various public campaigns for the increase of agricultural and industrial production. Christopher Duggan (1994). A concise history of Italy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 214-215.
11. Edward R. Embree to F. Elisabeth Crowell, 17 March 1923, folder 55, box 4, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
12. LWH diary, 22 February 1924, folder 382, box 59, series 2, RG 5, RFA. See also LWH to W V King, 22 March 1924, and LWH to M.F. Boyd, 22 March 1924, folder 3, box 1, LWH Papers.
13. LWH to F.F. Russell, 18 August 1927, folder 3961, box 312, series 1.2, RG 5, RFA.
14. E.g., F.F. Russell to LWH, 3 November 1927, folder 3962, box 312, series 1.2, RG 5, RFA.
15. E.g., Selksar M. Gunn to Max Mason, 11 March 1930, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1, 1, RFA.
16. LWH to F.F. Russell, 2 August 1924, folder 3, box 1, LWH Papers.
17. LWH to F.F. Russell, 2 September 1924, folder 4, box 1, LWH Papers.
18. LWH to F.F. Russell, 18 October 1924, folder 4, box 1, LWH Papers.
19. LWH to S.T. Darling, 18 October 1924, folder 4, box 1, LWH Papers.
20. F.F. Russell to LWH, 17 November 1924, folder 4, box 1, LWH Papers.
21. LWH memorandum 'Stazione Sperimentale per la Lotta Antimalarica', attached to LWH to F.F. Russell, 19 January 1927, folder 3958, box 311, series 1.2, RG 5, RFA: 'Annual report of the work of the International Health Board in Italy during 1925', box 257, RG 5, RFA.
22. LWH to F.F. Russell, 19 May 1927, folder 3960, box 311, series 1.2, RG 5, RFA; G K Strode diary, 17 February 1929, RG 12.1, RFA.
23. Selksar Gunn diary, 14 January 1927, 5 February 1930, RG 12.1, RFA; Wickliffe Rose to F.F. Russell, 2 May 1930, extract in LWH files, box 13, RG 9, RFA; G K Strode diary, 11 May 1933, RG 12.1, RFA.
24. LWH to S.R. Christophers, 7 January 1927, attached to LWH to F.F. Russell, 8 January 1927, folder 3958, box 311, series 1.2, RG 5, RFA.
25. LWH memorandum 'Stazione Sperimentale: annual report of the malaria experiment station in Italy (Stazione Sperimentale per la Lotta Antimalarica) for the year 1926', box 247, RG 5, RFA; extract from the minutes of the Scientific Directors 'Control and investigations of specific diseases: malaria [1932]', c. October 1931, folder 72, box 6, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
26. LWH (1931). Recent developments in the control of malaria in Italy, South Med J 24 (May): 426-430 (quote from p 8 of reprint copy of the essay).
27. G.K. Strode to F.F. Russell, 16 April 1928, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
28. Raymond B. Fosdick (1952). The story of the Rockefeller Foundation, Harper, New York, pp 41-43.
29. Paul Weindling (1993). Public health and political stabilisation: the Rockefeller Foundation in Central and Eastern Europe between the two World Wars. Minerva 31 (Autumn): 255.
30. Ibidem, pp 253-254.
31. G.K. Strode to F.F. Russell, 16 April 1928, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
32. F.F. Russell to G.K. Strode, 25 May 1928, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
33. LWH to F.F. Russell, 17 July 1928, with attached memorandum of conversations between A. Messea and LWH, 5-11 July 1928, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
34. LWH to G.K. Strode, 15 January 1930, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
35. R. Arpinati to LWH, 23 December 1929, attached to LWH to G.K. Strode, 15 January 1930, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
36. F.F. Russell to W.A. Sawyer, 8 February 1930, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
37. W.A. Sawyer to G.K. Strode, 6 March 1930, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA. The plans are in the map and drawing collection in the RFA.
38. Selksar M. Gunn to Max Mason, 11 March 1930, folder 5, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
39. Minutes of the trustees of the Rockefeller Foundation, 16 April 1930, RFA.
40. C. Patragnani to LWH, 29 September 1935, attached to R. Letort to George J. Beal, 22 October 1935, folder 7, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
41. LWH to G.K. Strode, 12 May 1931, folder 6, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
42. Gaetano Basile to John D. Rockefeller, Jr, 21 April 1934, and John D. Rockefeller, Jr to Gaetano Basile, 23 April 1934, folder 7, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
43. Excerpt, Jerome D. Greene to Max Mason, 20 October 1933, folder 6, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
44. LWH diary, 2 February 1924, RG 12.1, RFA.
45. LWH to F.F. Russell, 24 January 1927, folder 3958, box 311, series 1.2, RG 5, RFA.
46. Walter Laqueur (1996). Fascism: past, present, future. Oxford University Press, New York, p 28; Paul Weindling (1988). The Rockefeller Foundation and german biomedical sciences, 1920-40: from educational philanthropy to international science policy. In: Science, politics and the public good. Essays in honour of Margaret Gowing (Nicolaas A. Rupke, ed). Macmillan Press, London, pp 134-135.
47. Walter Laqueur (1996). Fascism: past, present, future. Oxford University Press, New York, p 28; Paul Weindling (1988). The Rockefeller Foundation and german biomedical sciences, 1920-40: from educational philanthropy to international science policy. In: Science, politics and the public good. Essays in honour of Margaret Gowing (Nicolaas A. Rupke, ed). Macmillan Press, London, pp 134-135.
48. Ibidem, pp 133-137.
49. LWH to W.A. Sawyer, 9 December 1938, folder 7, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
50. LWH to W.A. Sawyer, 7 February 1939, folder 7, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
51. Extract from Trustees' Bulletin, October 1946; excerpt of G.K. Strode to Johannes Bauer, 29 October 1946; excerpt of J B Grant to C.C. Payne, 13 October 1948; excerpt, RRS diary entry, 18 January 1951, all in folder 8, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA; P. Moreshini, E.J. Pampana (1949). Commission for the study of the public health services in Italy: the anti-malaria organization report, folder 17, box 2, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
52. Extract from Trustees' Bulletin, October 1946; excerpt of G.K. Strode to Johannes Bauer, 29 October 1946; excerpt of J B Grant to C.C. Payne, 13 October 1948; excerpt, RRS diary entry, 18 January 1951, all in folder 8, box 1, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA; P. Moreshini, E.J. Pampana (1949). Commission for the study of the public health services in Italy: the anti-malaria organization report, folder 17, box 2, series 751, RG 1.1, RFA.
53. Darwin H. Stapleton (1998). The dawn of DDT and its experimental use by the Rockefeller Foundation in Mexico, 1943-1952. Parassitologia 40 (June): 149-158.
54. Paul F. Russell (1944). Memorandum on malaria and its control in liberated Italy, 1 Jan-30 Sept, folder 101, box 12, series 700, RG 1.2, RFA.
55. Soper F.L., Knipe F.W., Casini G., Riehl L.A., Rubino A. (1947). Reduction of Anopheles density effected by the pre-season spraying of building interiors with DDT in kerosene, at Castel Volturno, Italy, in 1944-45 and in the Tiber Delta in 1945. Am J Trop Med 27: 177-200.
56. UNRRA Italian mission: proposed 5-year malaria control program. 2 October 1946, attached to Frederick W. Knipe to Charles N. Leach, 21 January 1947, folder 106, box 12, series 700, RG 1.2, RFA; Alberto Missiroli (1948). Anopheles control in the Mediterranean Area. Proc Fourth Intern Congresses on Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Washington: US government printing office 2: 1566-1575.
57. UNRRA Italian mission: proposed 5-year malaria control program. 2 October 1946, attached to Frederick W. Knipe to Charles N. Leach, 21 January 1947, folder 106, box 12, series 700, RG 1.2, RFA; Alberto Missiroli (1948). Anopheles control in the Mediterranean Area. Proc Fourth Intern Congresses on Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Washington: US government printing office 2: 1566-1575.