Field evaluation of neem and canola oil for the selective control of the honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) mite parasites Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) and acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology

Volumn 93, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 559-567

  Melathopoulos, Adony P ^a   Winston, Mark L ^a   Whittington, Robin ^a   Higo, Heather ^a   Le Doux, Monique ^a  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acarapis woodi; Acaricide; Canola oil; Mite; Neem; Varroa jacobsoni

Indexed keywords

ACYLGLYCEROL; CANOLA OIL; MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; NEEM OIL; TERPENE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BEE; INSECT CONTROL; METHODOLOGY; MITE; PARASITOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BEES; FATTY ACIDS, MONOUNSATURATED; GLYCERIDES; MITES; TERPENES; TICK CONTROL;

EID: 0034202922     PISSN: 00220493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Bailey, L., and B. V. Ball. 1992. Honey bee pathology, 2nd ed. Academic, San Diego, CA.
2. Burgett, M., and I. Burikam. 1985. Number of adult honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) occupying a comb: a standard for estimating colony populations. J. Econ. Entomol. 78: 1154-1156.
3. Calderone, N. W., and H. Shimanuki. 1995. Evaluation of four seed-derived oils as controls for Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 805-809.
4. Calderone, N. W., and M. Spivak. 1995. Plant extracts used for control of the parasitic mites Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) in colonies of the western honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 1211-1215.
5. Calderone, N. W., W. T. Wilson, and M. Spivak. 1997. Plant extracts used for control of the parasitic mites Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) and Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 90: 1080-1086.
6. [CAPA] Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists. 1995. A guide to managing bees for crop pollination. CAPA, Guelph, Ontario.
7. Cox, R. L., W. T. Wilson, D. L. Maki, and A. Stoner. 1986. Chemical control of the honey bee tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi. Am. Bee J. 126: 828.
8. Delaplane, K. S. 1992. Controlling tracheal mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in colonies of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) with vegetable oil and menthol. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 2118-2124.
9. Downey, D. L., T. Higo, and M. L. Winston. 2000. Honey bee colony mortality and productivity with single and dual infestation of parasitic mite species. Insectes Soc. (in press).
10. Eischen, F. A. 1987. Overwintering performance of honey bee colonies heavily infested with Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Apidologie 18: 293-303.
11. Eischen, F.A, J. S. Pettis, and A. Dietz. 1987. A rapid method of evaluating compounds for the control of Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Am. Bee J. 127: 99-101.
12. Eischen, F. A, W. T. Wilson, D. Hurley, and D. Cardosa-Tamez. 1988. Cultural practices that reduce populations of Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Am. Bee J. 128: 209-211.
13. Eischen, F. A., D. Cardoso-Tamez, W. T. Wilson, and A. Dietz. 1989. Honey production of honey bee colonies infested with Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Apidologie 20: 1-8.
14. Ellis, M. D., M. Spivak, and M. Reed. 1998. An evaluation of coumaphos impregnated plastic strips for Varroa control in the Midwest. Am. Bee J. 138: 293-294.
15. Feldlaufer, M. F., J. S. Pettis, J. P. Kochansky, and H. Shimanuki. 1997. A gel formulation of formic acid for the control of parasitic mites of honey bees. Am. Bee J. 137: 661-663.
16. Feng, R., and M. B. Isman. 1995. Selection for resistance to azadirachtin in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Experientia 51: 831-833.
17. Ferrer-Dufol, M., A. I. Martinez-Vinuales, and C. Sanchez-Adedo. 1991. Comparative tests of fluvalinate and flumethrin to control Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. J. Apic. Res. 30: 103-106.
18. Finley. J., S. Camazine, and M. Frazier. 1997. The epidemic of honey bee colony losses during the 1995-1996 season. Am. Bee J. 136: 805-808.
19. Frazier, M. T., J. Finley, B. McPheron, W. Harkness, and G. Stiles. 1995. Evaluating honey bee lines for tracheal mite resistance in the northeastern United States. Am. Bee. J. 135: 635-638.
20. Gary, N. E., R. E. Page, and K. Lorenzen. 1989. Effect of age of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) on tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) infestation. Exp. and Appl. Acarol. 7: 153-160.
21. Graham, J. M. 1997. The hive and the honey bee. Dadant and Sons, Hamilton, IL.
22. Guzman, L. I. de, T. E. Rinder, and J. A. Stelzer. 1999. Occurance of two genotypes of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in North America. Apidologie 30: 31-36.
23. Harbo, J. R. 1993. Field and laboratory tests that associate heat with mortality of tracheal mites. J. Apic. Res. 32: 159-165.
24. Herbert, E. W., H. Shimanuki, and J. C. Matthenius. 1988a. An evaluation of menthol placement in hives of honey bees for the control of Acarapis woodi. Am. Bee. J. 128: 185-187.
25. Herbert, E. W., P. C. Witherell, and H. Shimanuki. 1988b. Control of Varroa jacobsoni on honey bees in queen cages and small laboratory cages using amitraz, fluvalinate and Apitol. Am. Bee J. 128: 289-292.
26. Hoppe, H., W. Ritter, and E.W.C. Stephen. 1989. The control of parasitic mites: Varroa jacobsoni, Acarapis woodi, and Tropilaelaps clareae with formic acid. Am. Bee J. 129: 739-742.
27. Imdorf, A., S. Bogdanov, R. I. Ochoa, and N. Calderone. 1999. Use of essential oils for the control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in honey bee colonies. Apidologie 30: 209-228.
28. Jacobson, M. 1995. Toxicity of neem to vertebrates and side effects on beneficial and other ecologically important non-target organisms: toxicity to vertebrates, pp. 484-495. In H. Schmutterer [ed.], The neem tree source of unique products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry, and other purposes. Weinheim, New York.
29. Jones, D. 1984. Use, misuse and role of multiple comparison procedures in ecological and agricultural entomology. Environ. Entomol. 13: 635-649.
30. Koeniger, N., and S. Fuchs. 1989. Eleven years with Varroa-experiences, retrospects and prospects. Bee World 70: 148-159.
31. Kraus, B., and S. Berg. 1994. Effect of lactic acid treatment during winter in temperate climate upon Varroa jacobsoni Oud. and the bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 18: 459-468.
32. Kraus, B., and R. E. Page. 1995. Effect of Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata, Varroidae) on feral Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in California. Environ. Entomol. 24: 1473-1480.
33. Lurson, R. O. 1989. The commercialization of neem, pp. 155-168. In M. Jacobson [ed.], 1988 Focus on phytochemical pesticides, vol. I. The neem tree. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
34. Le Conte, Y., M. E. Colin, A. Paris, and D. Crauser. 1998. Oil spraying as potential control of Varroa jacobsoni. J. Apic. Res. 37: 291-293.
35. Li, M., D. L. Nelson, and P. Sporns. 1993. Determination of menthol in honey by gas chromatography. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int. 76: 1289-1295.
36. Martin, S., A. Hogarth, J. Breda, and J. Perrett. 1998. A scientific note on Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans and the collapse of Apis mellifera L. colonies in the United Kingdom. Apidologie 29: 369-370.
37. Matheson, A. 1994. The impact of varroa infestation on bee-keeping, pp. 27-31. In A. Matheson [ed.], New perspectives on Varroa. International Bee Research Association, Cardiff, UK.
38. Melathopoulos, A. P., M. L. Winston, R. Whittington, T. Smith, C. Lindberg, A. Mukai, and M. Moore. 2000. Comparative laboratory toxicity of neem pesticides to honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), their mite parasites Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) and Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and brood pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Ascophaera apis. J. Econ. Entomol. (in press).
39. Milani, N. 1999. The resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Oud to acaricides. Apidologie 30: 229-234.
40. Milani, N., and M. Iob. 1998. Plastic strips containing organophosphorous acaricides to control Varroa jacobsoni: a preliminary experiment. Am. Bee J. 135: 612-615.
41. Naumann, K., and M. B. Isman. 1996. Toxicity of a neem (Azdirachta indica A. Juss) insecticide to larval honey bees. Am. Bee J. 136: 518-520.
42. Otis, G. W., J. B. Bath, D. L. Randall, and G. M. Grant. 1988. Studies of the honey bee tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) during winter. Can. J. Zool. 66: 2122-2127.
43. Page, R. E., and N. E. Gary. 1990. Genotypic variation in susceptibility of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to infestation by tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 8: 275-283.
44. Rembold, H., G. K. Sharma, Ch. Czoppelt, and H. Schmutterer. 1980. Evidence of growth disruption in insects without feeding inhibition by neem seed fractions. Z. Pflanznkr. Pflanzenschutz. 87: 290-297.
45. Robinson, W. S., R. Nowogrodzki, and R. A. Morse. 1989. The value of honey bees as pollinators of U.S. crops, part II. Am. Bee J. 129: 477-487.
46. Sammataro, D., S. Cobey, B. H. Smith, and G. R. Needham. 1994. Controlling tracheal mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) with vegetable oil. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 910-916.
47. SAS Institute. 1997. A guide to statistics and data analysis using JMP and JMP IN software. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
48. Sheppard, W. S. 1989. A history of the introduction of honey bee races into the United States. Am. Bee J. 129: 617-619, 664-667.
49. Smith, A. W., R. E. Page, and G. R. Needham. 1990. Vegetable oil disrupts the dispersal of tracheal mites, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), to young host bees. Am. Bee J. 130: 44-46.
50. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rolf. 1981. Biometry 2nd Edition. Freeman, San Francisco, CA.
51. Steel, R.O.G., and J. H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, Columbus, OH.
52. Sundaram, M. S., and J. Curry. 1994. Initial deposits and persistence of azadirachtin in fir and oak foliage after spray application of 'Margosan-O' formulation. Pestic. Sci. 41: 129-138.
53. Wallner, K. 1999. Varroacides and their residues in bee products. Apidologie 3: 235-248.
54. Westcott, L. C., and M. L. Winston. 1998. Chemical acaricides in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies; do they cause nonlethal effects? Can. Entomol. 131:1-9.
55. Wilson, W. T., J. Baxter, J. Ibarra, and R. Reiners. 1998. Miticides impregnated in plastic for control of Varroa jacobsoni. Am. Bee J. 138:300-301.
56. Winston, M. L. 1987. The biology of the honey bee. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.