Localization of the polymer phase in bitumen/polymer blends by field emission cryo-scanning electron microscopy

Energy and Fuels

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 575-584

  Wilson, A ^a   Fuchs, G ^b   Scramoncin, C ^c   Martin, D ^c   Planche, J P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^b ARKEMA   (France)

^c Centre de Recherches ELF ANTAR   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034193928     PISSN: 08870624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ef9902303     Document Type: Article

References (19)

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19. Sub-cooled nitrogen is a slush of liquid and solid nitrogen which is readily made by lowering the temperature of liquid nitrogen to below its boiling point (t = -196°C), by placing it under a rotary pump vacuum and sub-cooling it (t = -202°C). Because the formed slush is below its boiling point, sub-cooled nitrogen has superior heat-transfer characteristics and thus as a cryogen its cooling rate is far faster than that of the liquid.