Environmentally adapted lubricants in Swedish forest industry - A critical review and case study

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 116-124

  Norrby, T ^a   Kopp, M ^a  

^a STATOIL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Forestry; Lubricants; Sweden

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034192692     PISSN: 00368792     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/00368790010326438     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Svensk Maskinprovning AB, the Swedish Machinery Testing Institute, Head Office: Fyrisborgsgatan 3, SE-754 50 Uppsala. Tel: +46 18 56 15 00; Fax: +46 018 12 72 44; Internet: http://www.sp.se/smp/
2. Göteborg Council Environmental Secretariat, Postgatan 8, SE-411 13 Göteborg, Sweden. Tel: +46 31 613 530; Fax + 46 31 613 544; E-mail: ms@ms.goteborg.se.
3. Toed, L., "Sweden pursues 'clean' hydraulic fluids", Lubes 'n' Greases, November 1998, p. 42.
4. SP, PO Box 857, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden. Tel: +46 33 16 50 00; Fax +46 33 13 55 02. The SP list is published on the Internet: http://www.sp.se/ certprod/hydraul.htm
5. Athanassiadis, D., Lindestav, G., Wästerlund, I., "Fuel, hydraulic oil and lubricant consumption in Swedish mechanized harvesting operations", 1996, Journal of Forest Engineering, Vol. 10 No. 1 (1999), pp. 59-66, and references cited therein.
6. Anonymous "Die Papierkette soll sich schließen", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 13 April 1999, Nr 85, p. 23.
7. EMAS: Eco Management and Audit Scheme, the EU system for environmental management.
8. Östen Thoresson, Korsnos Skog, Sweden, personal communication 1999.
9. Bo Morenius, Stora Enso Skog, Sweden, personal communication 1999.
10. Sören Bergek, SCA, Sweden, personal communication 1999.
11. Johansson, L., Maskinprovningarnas miljöoljeprojekt, Drn 30, pp. 28-90, Statens Maskinprovningar, Umeå (1995) (in Swedish only).
12. Johansson, L., Miljöanpassade hydrauloljor 1995-1997, PU 041/9S, SMP Provning, P.O. Box 4053, 904 03 Umeå (1997) (in Swedish only).
13. Ahlbom, J. and Duus, U., "Rena Smörjan", a report from Kemikalieinspektionen, the Swedish National Chemical Inspectorate, (1992), Nr. 8, ISSN: 0284-1185.
14. SIS, PO Box 6455, SE 113 82 Stockholm. Tel: + 46(0)8 610 3000; Fax: +46(0)8 30 7757.
15. Sales statistic of lubricants in Sweden 1996-9. Statistics Sweden, SCB, PO Box 24300, SE-104 51 Stockholm, Sweden. http://www.scb.se/ indexeng.htm
16. Anonymous, "HydraWay Bio Pa 46 offers the best of both oils", Chemical Reactions, Vol. 16 No. 20, (1997). Published by Amoco Chemicals.
17. Andersson, B., Fluid Scandinavia, March 1999, Vol. 1 No. 6, (in Swedish only);
18. Jansson, O., Rantén, A., Myhrman, D., Jaakkola, S. and Bergek, S., "Five shorter articles regarding the 'oil war' in the forest", in Svensk Skogsteknik, May 1999, Vol. 2, pp. 14-17, (in Swedish only) ISSN: 0284-1843.
19. Information sheet of the German environmental label scheme "Blue Angel", Current fact and figures, status January 1999. Umweltsbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency), PO Box 33 00 22, D-14191 Berlin, Scetion III 1.3. Internet: http://www.blauerengel.de
20. RAL-UZ 79, "Biologisch schnell abbaubare Hydraulikflüssigkeiten", Blauer Engel/Blue Angel German eco-label. RAL German Institute for Quality Assurance and Certification (Deutches Institut für Gutesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V.).
21. Battersby, N.S., Fieldwick, P.A., Ablitt, T., Lee, S.A. and Moys, G. R., "The interpretation of CEC L-33-T-82 biodegradability test data", Chemosphere, Vol. 28, 1994, pp. 787-800.
22. Dr Thomas Bünemann, Uniquema, the Netherlands, personal communication 1999.
23. VDMA 24 568: "Fluidtechnik/Biologisch schnell abbaubare Druckflüssigkeiten/Technische Mindestanforderungen" VDMA-Einheitsblatt (1994).
24. Ecolabelling of lubricating oils, Nordic Ecolabelling Criteria Document 5 September 1997-4, September 2000, Version 2.0
25. Information regarding the European Eco-Label can be retrieved from: European Commission, DG XI E-4, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels. Tel: +32 2 299 11 11; Fax: +32 2 295 56 84; E-mail: ecolabel@dg11.cec.se; Internet: http:// europa.eu.int/comm/dg11/ecolabel/index.htm
26. IS Miljömärkning AB, PO Box 6455, SE-113 82 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: +46 8 610 30 00; Fax: +46 8 34 20 10; E-mail: blomman@sis.se
27. Hässler, R., Mahlmann, I. and Schoenheit, I., "Assessing the success of the German Eco-label", Texte 61, 1998, Umweltsbundesamt, ISSN 0722-186X.
28. See, for instance EU DG Xl: http://europa.eu.int/ comm/dg11/agend21/implem.htm "Towards sustainability" a European Community programme of policy and action in relation to the environment and sustainable development, COM(92) 23 final, 27.3.92.
29. Wightman, P.S., Eavis, R.M., Walker, K.C., Batchelor, S.E. and Carruthers, S.P., "A comparative LCA of hydraulic lubricants made from mineral oil and rapeseed oil", Sixth Symposium on Renewable Resources for the Chemical Industry, March 1999, Bonn, Germany.
30. Våg, C, Marby, A., Kopp, M., Furberg, L. and Norrby, T., A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Manufacturing of Base Fluids for Lubricants, Presented at the 12th International Colloquium Tribology 2000-Plus January 11-13, 2000.
31. Amon, R. et al., "Plant/crop-based renewable resources 2020 - A vision to enhance US economic security through renewable plant/crop-based resource use", DOE/GO-10097-385, January 1998. McLaren, J. et al., "The technology roadmap for plant/crop-based renewable resources 2020". DOE/ GO-10099-706, February 1999. The full text is available on the Internet: http://www.oit.doe.gov/ agriculture/
32. Amon, R. et al., "Plant/crop-based renewable resources 2020 - A vision to enhance US economic security through renewable plant/crop-based resource use", DOE/GO-10097-385, January 1998. McLaren, J. et al., "The technology roadmap for plant/crop-based renewable resources 2020". DOE/ GO-10099-706, February 1999. The full text is available on the Internet: http://www.oit.doe.gov/ agriculture/