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For most measurements, mid-IR neutral density filters were used to avoid saturating the detector/electronics. At the highest pulsed current level, the average power was measured using a thermopile detector. The peak power was then calculated using the measured duty cycle. This procedure established the calibration between the lock-in signal and the peak power for a particular pulse width. Care must be taken to ensure that the detection system response is linear with optical power at each pulse width. Bewley, Felix, Vurgaftman, Olafsen, Aifer, and Meyer [Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 625 (1999)] consider a number of important issues relating to pulsed power determinations when the excitation pulse width is faster than the detector/amplifier response time.
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