At the source of western science: The organization of experimentalism at the Accademia del Cimento (1657-1667)

Notes and Records of the Royal Society

Volumn 54, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 131-151

  Beretta, Marco ^a  

^a Istituto e Museo di Storia Della Scienza   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; EUROPE; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HISTORY; ITALY; RESEARCH;

EUROPE; HISTORY, 17TH CENTURY; ITALY; RESEARCH; SOCIETIES, SCIENTIFIC; WESTERN WORLD;

EID: 0034180423     PISSN: 00359149     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2000.0104     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. A fundamental contribution to the investigation and focus on this fundamental theme is provided in the recent volume edited by T. Frängsmyr, Salomon's house revisited, the organization and institutionalization of science (Canton MA, Science History Publications/USA, 1990), which presents the papers of an international conference promoted by the Nobel Foundation, held in Stockholm in the summer of 1989.
2. A fundamental contribution to the investigation and focus on this fundamental theme is provided in the recent volume edited by T. Frängsmyr, Salomon's house revisited, the organization and institutionalization of science (Canton MA, Science History Publications/USA, 1990), which presents the papers of an international conference promoted by the Nobel Foundation, held in Stockholm in the summer of 1989.
3. See, for example, S. Shapin, 'The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England', Isis 79, 373-404 (1988) and Michael Hunter, Establishing the new science: the experience of the early Royal Society (Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 1989).
4. See, for example, S. Shapin, 'The house of experiment in seventeenth-century England', Isis 79, 373-404 (1988) and Michael Hunter, Establishing the new science: the experience of the early Royal Society (Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 1989).
5. R. Hahn, The anatomy of a scientific institution. The Paris Academy of Sciences 1666-1803 (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1971); A. Stroup, A company of scientists. Botany, patronage, and community at the seventeenth-century Parisian Royal Academy of Sciences (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990); E. Brian and C. Demeulenaere-Douyère (eds), Histoire et mémoire de l'Académie des Sciences. Guide de recherches (Paris, Lavoisier TEC & DOC, 1996).
6. R. Hahn, The anatomy of a scientific institution. The Paris Academy of Sciences 1666-1803 (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1971); A. Stroup, A company of scientists. Botany, patronage, and community at the seventeenth-century Parisian Royal Academy of Sciences (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990); E. Brian and C. Demeulenaere-Douyère (eds), Histoire et mémoire de l'Académie des Sciences. Guide de recherches (Paris, Lavoisier TEC & DOC, 1996).
7. R. Hahn, The anatomy of a scientific institution. The Paris Academy of Sciences 1666-1803 (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1971); A. Stroup, A company of scientists. Botany, patronage, and community at the seventeenth-century Parisian Royal Academy of Sciences (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990); E. Brian and C. Demeulenaere-Douyère (eds), Histoire et mémoire de l'Académie des Sciences. Guide de recherches (Paris, Lavoisier TEC & DOC, 1996).
8. A nearly complete bibliography of the Cimento can be reduced to the following works: G. Abetti and P. Pagnini (eds) L'Accademia del Cimento (Florence, S.A.G. Barbèra Editore, 1942); Celebrazione della Accademia del Cimento nel tricentinario della fondazione (Pisa, Domus Galileiana, 1958); M. Celeste Cantù and M. L. Righini Bonelli, Accademia del Cimento (Nardini, Florence, 1967); W. E. Knowles Middleton, The experimenters: a study of the Accademia del Cimento (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971); M. L. Righini Bonelli and A. van Helden, Divini and Campani. A forgotten chapter in the Accademia del Cimento Florence, Giunti, 1981; P. Galluzzi, 'L'Accademia del Cimento: "gusti" del principe, filosofia e ideologia dell'esperimento', Quaderni Storici 48, 788-844 (1981). All of these studies draw extensively from the primary sources cited in G. Targioni Tozzetti's work Notizie degli aggrandimenti delle scienze fisiche accaduti in Toscana nel corso di LX del secolo XVII, 3 vols (Florence 1780).
9. A nearly complete bibliography of the Cimento can be reduced to the following works: G. Abetti and P. Pagnini (eds) L'Accademia del Cimento (Florence, S.A.G. Barbèra Editore, 1942); Celebrazione della Accademia del Cimento nel tricentinario della fondazione (Pisa, Domus Galileiana, 1958); M. Celeste Cantù and M. L. Righini Bonelli, Accademia del Cimento (Nardini, Florence, 1967); W. E. Knowles Middleton, The experimenters: a study of the Accademia del Cimento (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971); M. L. Righini Bonelli and A. van Helden, Divini and Campani. A forgotten chapter in the Accademia del Cimento Florence, Giunti, 1981; P. Galluzzi, 'L'Accademia del Cimento: "gusti" del principe, filosofia e ideologia dell'esperimento', Quaderni Storici 48, 788-844 (1981). All of these studies draw extensively from the primary sources cited in G. Targioni Tozzetti's work Notizie degli aggrandimenti delle scienze fisiche accaduti in Toscana nel corso di LX del secolo XVII, 3 vols (Florence 1780).
10. A nearly complete bibliography of the Cimento can be reduced to the following works: G. Abetti and P. Pagnini (eds) L'Accademia del Cimento (Florence, S.A.G. Barbèra Editore, 1942); Celebrazione della Accademia del Cimento nel tricentinario della fondazione (Pisa, Domus Galileiana, 1958); M. Celeste Cantù and M. L. Righini Bonelli, Accademia del Cimento (Nardini, Florence, 1967); W. E. Knowles Middleton, The experimenters: a study of the Accademia del Cimento (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971); M. L. Righini Bonelli and A. van Helden, Divini and Campani. A forgotten chapter in the Accademia del Cimento Florence, Giunti, 1981; P. Galluzzi, 'L'Accademia del Cimento: "gusti" del principe, filosofia e ideologia dell'esperimento', Quaderni Storici 48, 788-844 (1981). All of these studies draw extensively from the primary sources cited in G. Targioni Tozzetti's work Notizie degli aggrandimenti delle scienze fisiche accaduti in Toscana nel corso di LX del secolo XVII, 3 vols (Florence 1780).
11. A nearly complete bibliography of the Cimento can be reduced to the following works: G. Abetti and P. Pagnini (eds) L'Accademia del Cimento (Florence, S.A.G. Barbèra Editore, 1942); Celebrazione della Accademia del Cimento nel tricentinario della fondazione (Pisa, Domus Galileiana, 1958); M. Celeste Cantù and M. L. Righini Bonelli, Accademia del Cimento (Nardini, Florence, 1967); W. E. Knowles Middleton, The experimenters: a study of the Accademia del Cimento (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971); M. L. Righini Bonelli and A. van Helden, Divini and Campani. A forgotten chapter in the Accademia del Cimento Florence, Giunti, 1981; P. Galluzzi, 'L'Accademia del Cimento: "gusti" del principe, filosofia e ideologia dell'esperimento', Quaderni Storici 48, 788-844 (1981). All of these studies draw extensively from the primary sources cited in G. Targioni Tozzetti's work Notizie degli aggrandimenti delle scienze fisiche accaduti in Toscana nel corso di LX del secolo XVII, 3 vols (Florence 1780).
12. A nearly complete bibliography of the Cimento can be reduced to the following works: G. Abetti and P. Pagnini (eds) L'Accademia del Cimento (Florence, S.A.G. Barbèra Editore, 1942); Celebrazione della Accademia del Cimento nel tricentinario della fondazione (Pisa, Domus Galileiana, 1958); M. Celeste Cantù and M. L. Righini Bonelli, Accademia del Cimento (Nardini, Florence, 1967); W. E. Knowles Middleton, The experimenters: a study of the Accademia del Cimento (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971); M. L. Righini Bonelli and A. van Helden, Divini and Campani. A forgotten chapter in the Accademia del Cimento Florence, Giunti, 1981; P. Galluzzi, 'L'Accademia del Cimento: "gusti" del principe, filosofia e ideologia dell'esperimento', Quaderni Storici 48, 788-844 (1981). All of these studies draw extensively from the primary sources cited in G. Targioni Tozzetti's work Notizie degli aggrandimenti delle scienze fisiche accaduti in Toscana nel corso di LX del secolo XVII, 3 vols (Florence 1780).
13. A nearly complete bibliography of the Cimento can be reduced to the following works: G. Abetti and P. Pagnini (eds) L'Accademia del Cimento (Florence, S.A.G. Barbèra Editore, 1942); Celebrazione della Accademia del Cimento nel tricentinario della fondazione (Pisa, Domus Galileiana, 1958); M. Celeste Cantù and M. L. Righini Bonelli, Accademia del Cimento (Nardini, Florence, 1967); W. E. Knowles Middleton, The experimenters: a study of the Accademia del Cimento (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971); M. L. Righini Bonelli and A. van Helden, Divini and Campani. A forgotten chapter in the Accademia del Cimento Florence, Giunti, 1981; P. Galluzzi, 'L'Accademia del Cimento: "gusti" del principe, filosofia e ideologia dell'esperimento', Quaderni Storici 48, 788-844 (1981). All of these studies draw extensively from the primary sources cited in G. Targioni Tozzetti's work Notizie degli aggrandimenti delle scienze fisiche accaduti in Toscana nel corso di LX del secolo XVII, 3 vols (Florence 1780).
14. A nearly complete bibliography of the Cimento can be reduced to the following works: G. Abetti and P. Pagnini (eds) L'Accademia del Cimento (Florence, S.A.G. Barbèra Editore, 1942); Celebrazione della Accademia del Cimento nel tricentinario della fondazione (Pisa, Domus Galileiana, 1958); M. Celeste Cantù and M. L. Righini Bonelli, Accademia del Cimento (Nardini, Florence, 1967); W. E. Knowles Middleton, The experimenters: a study of the Accademia del Cimento (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971); M. L. Righini Bonelli and A. van Helden, Divini and Campani. A forgotten chapter in the Accademia del Cimento Florence, Giunti, 1981; P. Galluzzi, 'L'Accademia del Cimento: "gusti" del principe, filosofia e ideologia dell'esperimento', Quaderni Storici 48, 788-844 (1981). All of these studies draw extensively from the primary sources cited in G. Targioni Tozzetti's work Notizie degli aggrandimenti delle scienze fisiche accaduti in Toscana nel corso di LX del secolo XVII, 3 vols (Florence 1780).
15. In the case of The Royal Society 'in addition to the disappearance or dislocations of records that had once belonged to the archive, we are faced with the problem that some records have survived, but not in the original form'. M. Feingold, 'Of records and grandeur: the Archive of the Royal Society', in M. Hunter (ed.), Archives of the Scientific Revolution. The formation and exchange of ideas in seventeenth century Europe, p. 178 (Woodbridge, 1998). The case of the early period of the Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris is even more problematic as has been illustrated by C. Demeulenaere-Douyère and D. J. Sturdy, 'Images versus reality: the Archives of the French Académie des Sciences', in M. Hunter, op. cit., pp. 185-208.
16. In the case of The Royal Society 'in addition to the disappearance or dislocations of records that had once belonged to the archive, we are faced with the problem that some records have survived, but not in the original form'. M. Feingold, 'Of records and grandeur: the Archive of the Royal Society', in M. Hunter (ed.), Archives of the Scientific Revolution. The formation and exchange of ideas in seventeenth century Europe, p. 178 (Woodbridge, 1998). The case of the early period of the Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris is even more problematic as has been illustrated by C. Demeulenaere-Douyère and D. J. Sturdy, 'Images versus reality: the Archives of the French Académie des Sciences', in M. Hunter, op. cit., pp. 185-208.
17. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, Manoscritti Galileiani, vol. 283, f. 27r-27v.
18. It is interesting to note that the composition of the Saggi, the contents of which were completed in 1661, was discussed and debated until 1667 and that the Cimento manuscripts contain two different versions of the work and a large number of variations and modifications proposed at different times by the academicians.
19. Quoted by Middleton, op. cit., note 4, p. 333.
20. Manoscritti Galileiani, op. cit., note 6, vol. 275, f. 126v-127r.
21. Ibid., vol. 276, f. 2v.
22. Ibid., vol. 278, f. 82r-82v.