The history of health and medicine in contemporary Britain: Reflections on the role of audio-visual sources

Social History of Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 131-145

  Loughlin, Kelly ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Audio visual sources; Contemporary history; Health; Media; Medicine

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT; HISTORY; MASS MEDIUM; UNITED KINGDOM;

AUDIOVISUAL AIDS; GREAT BRITAIN; HISTORIOGRAPHY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; MASS MEDIA;

EID: 0034169008     PISSN: 0951631X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/shm/13.1.131     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. In 1988 the Society for the Social History of Medicine ran a workshop on 'medicine and film'; see 'Medicine and the Movies', Social History of Medicine, 2 (1989), 119-20. See also M. Shortland, Medicine and Film: A Checklist, Survey and Research Resource (Oxford, 1989), and T. Tansey, 'Film Sources in Medical History', Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 16 (1993), 148.
2. In 1988 the Society for the Social History of Medicine ran a workshop on 'medicine and film'; see 'Medicine and the Movies', Social History of Medicine, 2 (1989), 119-20. See also M. Shortland, Medicine and Film: A Checklist, Survey and Research Resource (Oxford, 1989), and T. Tansey, 'Film Sources in Medical History', Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 16 (1993), 148.
3. In 1988 the Society for the Social History of Medicine ran a workshop on 'medicine and film'; see 'Medicine and the Movies', Social History of Medicine, 2 (1989), 119-20. See also M. Shortland, Medicine and Film: A Checklist, Survey and Research Resource (Oxford, 1989), and T. Tansey, 'Film Sources in Medical History', Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 16 (1993), 148.
4. Sir Anthony Kenny, Report of the Working Party on Legal Deposit (Londqn, 1998). The draft from which the quote is taken is on the British Library's website (http://www.bl.uk/), p. 4.
5. The BUFVC operate an off-air recording agreement, which provides access to broadcast programmes for institutions of higher education. The BUFVC in association with the IHFC produce CD-ROMs and videos suitable for history teaching, which incorporate archival AV footage, e.g. The Origins of the Cold War (CD-ROM).
6. P. Catterall, 'History and Film and Television Archives', in D. Kirchner (ed.), The Researcher's Guide to British Film & Television Collections (London, 1997), p. 162.
7. On recent discussions about the potential of AV archival sources and developments in distributed access, see 'The proceedings of a one-day consultation meeting organized by the BUFVC on behalf of the Joint Information Systems Information Committee on electronic information, London 1996', text available on the BUFVC's web site (http://www.bufvc.ac.uk). On developments stemming from the 1996 consultation, see J. Stevenson, 'Upon Saint Crispin's Day', Viewfinder (The Magazine of the BUFVC) 35 (1999), 16-17. With particular reference to medical history, see K. Loughlin, 'The Image of Medicine', in A Healthy Heritage: Collecting for the Future of Medical History. Symposium held at The Wellcome Trust, London, 25-6 February 1999 (forthcoming).
8. On recent discussions about the potential of AV archival sources and developments in distributed access, see 'The proceedings of a one-day consultation meeting organized by the BUFVC on behalf of the Joint Information Systems Information Committee on electronic information, London 1996', text available on the BUFVC's web site (http://www.bufvc.ac.uk). On developments stemming from the 1996 consultation, see J. Stevenson, 'Upon Saint Crispin's Day', Viewfinder (The Magazine of the BUFVC) 35 (1999), 16-17. With particular reference to medical history, see K. Loughlin, 'The Image of Medicine', in A Healthy Heritage: Collecting for the Future of Medical History. Symposium held at The Wellcome Trust, London, 25-6 February 1999 (forthcoming).
9. On recent discussions about the potential of AV archival sources and developments in distributed access, see 'The proceedings of a one-day consultation meeting organized by the BUFVC on behalf of the Joint Information Systems Information Committee on electronic information, London 1996', text available on the BUFVC's web site (http://www.bufvc.ac.uk). On developments stemming from the 1996 consultation, see J. Stevenson, 'Upon Saint Crispin's Day', Viewfinder (The Magazine of the BUFVC) 35 (1999), 16-17. With particular reference to medical history, see K. Loughlin, 'The Image of Medicine', in A Healthy Heritage: Collecting for the Future of Medical History. Symposium held at The Wellcome Trust, London, 25-6 February 1999 (forthcoming).
10. See, for example, L. Jordanova, Nature Displayed: Gender, Science and Medicine, 1760-1820 (London, 1999).
11. There is a vast literature detailing the particularities of modern media such as cinema, television, and home video. See, for example, A. Goodwin and G. Whannel (eds.), Understanding Television (London, 1990); S. Cubitt, Timeshift: On Video Culture (London, 1991); B. Mullen, Consuming Television: Television and its Audiences (Cambridge, MA, 1997); C. MacCabe, The Eloquence of the Vulgar: Language, Cinema and the Politics of Culture (London, 1999).
12. There is a vast literature detailing the particularities of modern media such as cinema, television, and home video. See, for example, A. Goodwin and G. Whannel (eds.), Understanding Television (London, 1990); S. Cubitt, Timeshift: On Video Culture (London, 1991); B. Mullen, Consuming Television: Television and its Audiences (Cambridge, MA, 1997); C. MacCabe, The Eloquence of the Vulgar: Language, Cinema and the Politics of Culture (London, 1999).
13. There is a vast literature detailing the particularities of modern media such as cinema, television, and home video. See, for example, A. Goodwin and G. Whannel (eds.), Understanding Television (London, 1990); S. Cubitt, Timeshift: On Video Culture (London, 1991); B. Mullen, Consuming Television: Television and its Audiences (Cambridge, MA, 1997); C. MacCabe, The Eloquence of the Vulgar: Language, Cinema and the Politics of Culture (London, 1999).
14. There is a vast literature detailing the particularities of modern media such as cinema, television, and home video. See, for example, A. Goodwin and G. Whannel (eds.), Understanding Television (London, 1990); S. Cubitt, Timeshift: On Video Culture (London, 1991); B. Mullen, Consuming Television: Television and its Audiences (Cambridge, MA, 1997); C. MacCabe, The Eloquence of the Vulgar: Language, Cinema and the Politics of Culture (London, 1999).
15. On the history of British film and film making, see R. Lowe; The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Documentary and Educational Films of the 1930s (London, 1979); R. Lowe, The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Films of Comment and Persuasion of the 1930s (London, 1979); J. Hill, Sex, Class and Realism: British Cinema, 1956-1963 (London, 1986); P. Swann, The British Documentary Film Movement, 1926-1946 (Cambridge, 1989); I. Aitken, Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Film Movement (London, 1992). On films of medical interest see, e.g., Shortland, Medicine and Film.
16. On the history of British film and film making, see R. Lowe; The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Documentary and Educational Films of the 1930s (London, 1979); R. Lowe, The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Films of Comment and Persuasion of the 1930s (London, 1979); J. Hill, Sex, Class and Realism: British Cinema, 1956-1963 (London, 1986); P. Swann, The British Documentary Film Movement, 1926-1946 (Cambridge, 1989); I. Aitken, Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Film Movement (London, 1992). On films of medical interest see, e.g., Shortland, Medicine and Film.
17. On the history of British film and film making, see R. Lowe; The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Documentary and Educational Films of the 1930s (London, 1979); R. Lowe, The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Films of Comment and Persuasion of the 1930s (London, 1979); J. Hill, Sex, Class and Realism: British Cinema, 1956-1963 (London, 1986); P. Swann, The British Documentary Film Movement, 1926-1946 (Cambridge, 1989); I. Aitken, Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Film Movement (London, 1992). On films of medical interest see, e.g., Shortland, Medicine and Film.
18. On the history of British film and film making, see R. Lowe; The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Documentary and Educational Films of the 1930s (London, 1979); R. Lowe, The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Films of Comment and Persuasion of the 1930s (London, 1979); J. Hill, Sex, Class and Realism: British Cinema, 1956-1963 (London, 1986); P. Swann, The British Documentary Film Movement, 1926-1946 (Cambridge, 1989); I. Aitken, Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Film Movement (London, 1992). On films of medical interest see, e.g., Shortland, Medicine and Film.
19. On the history of British film and film making, see R. Lowe; The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Documentary and Educational Films of the 1930s (London, 1979); R. Lowe, The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Films of Comment and Persuasion of the 1930s (London, 1979); J. Hill, Sex, Class and Realism: British Cinema, 1956-1963 (London, 1986); P. Swann, The British Documentary Film Movement, 1926-1946 (Cambridge, 1989); I. Aitken, Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Film Movement (London, 1992). On films of medical interest see, e.g., Shortland, Medicine and Film.
20. On the history of British film and film making, see R. Lowe; The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Documentary and Educational Films of the 1930s (London, 1979); R. Lowe, The History of the British Film, 1929-1939: Films of Comment and Persuasion of the 1930s (London, 1979); J. Hill, Sex, Class and Realism: British Cinema, 1956-1963 (London, 1986); P. Swann, The British Documentary Film Movement, 1926-1946 (Cambridge, 1989); I. Aitken, Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Film Movement (London, 1992). On films of medical interest see, e.g., Shortland, Medicine and Film.
21. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
22. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
23. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
24. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
25. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
26. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
27. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
28. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
29. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
30. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
31. On the history of broadcasting in Britain, see A. Briggs' multi-volume The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: The Birth of Broadcasting (Oxford, 1961), The Golden Age of Wireless (Oxford, 1965), The War of Words (Oxford, 1970), Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1979), Competition (Oxford, 1995). On independent television in Britain, see B. Sendell, Independent Television in Britain: Origins and Foundations, 1946-1962 (London, 1982), idem., Expansion and Change, 1958-1968 (London, 1983); J. Potter, Independent Television in Britain: Politics and Control, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1989), Companies and Programmes, 1968-1980 (Basingstoke, 1990); P. Bonner and L. Aston, Independent Television in Britain: ITV and the IBA, 1981-1992 (Basingstoke, 1998). See also P. Scannell and D. Cardiff, A Social History of British Broadcasting, 1922-1939: Serving the Nation (Oxford, 1991).
32. On television documentary, see, J. Corner (ed.), Popular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural History (London, 1991); idem., The Art of Record: A Critical Introduction to Documentary (Manchester, 1996). On news and current affairs, see G. Wyndham Goldie, Facing the Nation: Television and Politics, 1936-1976 (London, 1977); M. Schudson, 'The Politics of Narrative Form: The Emergence of News Conventions in Print and Television', Daedalus, 3 (1982), 97-112; B. Winston, 'The CBS Evening News, 7 April 1949: Creating an Ineffable Television Form', in J. Eldridge (ed.), Getting the Message: News, Truth and Power (London, 1994),pp. 181-209. On the interview, see J. Comer, 'The Interview as Social Encounter', in P. Scannell (ed.), Broadcast Talk (London, 1991), pp. 31-47.
33. On television documentary, see, J. Corner (ed.), Popular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural History (London, 1991); idem., The Art of Record: A Critical Introduction to Documentary (Manchester, 1996). On news and current affairs, see G. Wyndham Goldie, Facing the Nation: Television and Politics, 1936-1976 (London, 1977); M. Schudson, 'The Politics of Narrative Form: The Emergence of News Conventions in Print and Television', Daedalus, 3 (1982), 97-112; B. Winston, 'The CBS Evening News, 7 April 1949: Creating an Ineffable Television Form', in J. Eldridge (ed.), Getting the Message: News, Truth and Power (London, 1994),pp. 181-209. On the interview, see J. Comer, 'The Interview as Social Encounter', in P. Scannell (ed.), Broadcast Talk (London, 1991), pp. 31-47.
34. On television documentary, see, J. Corner (ed.), Popular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural History (London, 1991); idem., The Art of Record: A Critical Introduction to Documentary (Manchester, 1996). On news and current affairs, see G. Wyndham Goldie, Facing the Nation: Television and Politics, 1936-1976 (London, 1977); M. Schudson, 'The Politics of Narrative Form: The Emergence of News Conventions in Print and Television', Daedalus, 3 (1982), 97-112; B. Winston, 'The CBS Evening News, 7 April 1949: Creating an Ineffable Television Form', in J. Eldridge (ed.), Getting the Message: News, Truth and Power (London, 1994),pp. 181-209. On the interview, see J. Comer, 'The Interview as Social Encounter', in P. Scannell (ed.), Broadcast Talk (London, 1991), pp. 31-47.
35. On television documentary, see, J. Corner (ed.), Popular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural History (London, 1991); idem., The Art of Record: A Critical Introduction to Documentary (Manchester, 1996). On news and current affairs, see G. Wyndham Goldie, Facing the Nation: Television and Politics, 1936-1976 (London, 1977); M. Schudson, 'The Politics of Narrative Form: The Emergence of News Conventions in Print and Television', Daedalus, 3 (1982), 97-112; B. Winston, 'The CBS Evening News, 7 April 1949: Creating an Ineffable Television Form', in J. Eldridge (ed.), Getting the Message: News, Truth and Power (London, 1994),pp. 181-209. On the interview, see J. Comer, 'The Interview as Social Encounter', in P. Scannell (ed.), Broadcast Talk (London, 1991), pp. 31-47.
36. On television documentary, see, J. Corner (ed.), Popular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural History (London, 1991); idem., The Art of Record: A Critical Introduction to Documentary (Manchester, 1996). On news and current affairs, see G. Wyndham Goldie, Facing the Nation: Television and Politics, 1936-1976 (London, 1977); M. Schudson, 'The Politics of Narrative Form: The Emergence of News Conventions in Print and Television', Daedalus, 3 (1982), 97-112; B. Winston, 'The CBS Evening News, 7 April 1949: Creating an Ineffable Television Form', in J. Eldridge (ed.), Getting the Message: News, Truth and Power (London, 1994),pp. 181-209. On the interview, see J. Comer, 'The Interview as Social Encounter', in P. Scannell (ed.), Broadcast Talk (London, 1991), pp. 31-47.
37. On television documentary, see, J. Corner (ed.), Popular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural History (London, 1991); idem., The Art of Record: A Critical Introduction to Documentary (Manchester, 1996). On news and current affairs, see G. Wyndham Goldie, Facing the Nation: Television and Politics, 1936-1976 (London, 1977); M. Schudson, 'The Politics of Narrative Form: The Emergence of News Conventions in Print and Television', Daedalus, 3 (1982), 97-112; B. Winston, 'The CBS Evening News, 7 April 1949: Creating an Ineffable Television Form', in J. Eldridge (ed.), Getting the Message: News, Truth and Power (London, 1994),pp. 181-209. On the interview, see J. Comer, 'The Interview as Social Encounter', in P. Scannell (ed.), Broadcast Talk (London, 1991), pp. 31-47.
38. On medical film and television see M. Essex-Lopresti: 'Centenary of the Medical Film', Lancet, 349 (1997), 819-20; idem., 'The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part I' Journal of 'Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 7-12; idem., The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part II, The Second Half-Century' Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 48-55. For information on medical drama, see J. Turrow, Playing Doctor: Television, Storytelling and Medical Power (Oxford, 1989) and R. Nelson, TV Drama in Transition: Forms, Values and Cultural Change (New York, 1997).
39. On medical film and television see M. Essex-Lopresti: 'Centenary of the Medical Film', Lancet, 349 (1997), 819-20; idem., 'The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part I' Journal of 'Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 7-12; idem., The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part II, The Second Half-Century' Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 48-55. For information on medical drama, see J. Turrow, Playing Doctor: Television, Storytelling and Medical Power (Oxford, 1989) and R. Nelson, TV Drama in Transition: Forms, Values and Cultural Change (New York, 1997).
40. On medical film and television see M. Essex-Lopresti: 'Centenary of the Medical Film', Lancet, 349 (1997), 819-20; idem., 'The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part I' Journal of 'Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 7-12; idem., The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part II, The Second Half-Century' Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 48-55. For information on medical drama, see J. Turrow, Playing Doctor: Television, Storytelling and Medical Power (Oxford, 1989) and R. Nelson, TV Drama in Transition: Forms, Values and Cultural Change (New York, 1997).
41. On medical film and television see M. Essex-Lopresti: 'Centenary of the Medical Film', Lancet, 349 (1997), 819-20; idem., 'The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part I' Journal of 'Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 7-12; idem., The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part II, The Second Half-Century' Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 48-55. For information on medical drama, see J. Turrow, Playing Doctor: Television, Storytelling and Medical Power (Oxford, 1989) and R. Nelson, TV Drama in Transition: Forms, Values and Cultural Change (New York, 1997).
42. On medical film and television see M. Essex-Lopresti: 'Centenary of the Medical Film', Lancet, 349 (1997), 819-20; idem., 'The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part I' Journal of 'Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 7-12; idem., The Medical Film, 1897-1997: Part II, The Second Half-Century' Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 21 (1998), 48-55. For information on medical drama, see J. Turrow, Playing Doctor: Television, Storytelling and Medical Power (Oxford, 1989) and R. Nelson, TV Drama in Transition: Forms, Values and Cultural Change (New York, 1997).
43. On feminist film theory, see D. Pribram, Female Spectators: Looking at Film and Television (London, 1988); see also Corner, The Art of Record.
44. On feminist film theory, see D. Pribram, Female Spectators: Looking at Film and Television (London, 1988); see also Corner, The Art of Record.
45. See the reading of 1940s Hollywood films by M. A. Doane, 'The Clinical Eye: Medical Discourses in the "Women's Film" of the 1940s', in M. Alverado and J. Thompson (eds.), The Media Reader (London, 1993), pp. 275-94.
46. On audience power and diversity, see E. Seiter, H. Horchers, G. Kreutzner and E. Warth (eds.), Remote Control: Television, Audiences and Cultural Power (London, 1989).
47. cinema, see D. Docherty, D. Morrison and M. Tracey, The Last Picture Show? Britain's Changing Film Audience (London, 1987). On television, see R. Silvey, Who's Listening? The Story of BBC Audience Research (London, 1974).
48. cinema, see D. Docherty, D. Morrison and M. Tracey, The Last Picture Show? Britain's Changing Film Audience (London, 1987). On television, see R. Silvey, Who's Listening? The Story of BBC Audience Research (London, 1974).
49. The Hurt Mind. An Enquiry into some of the effects of the series of five television broadcasts about mental illness and its treatment' (London, BBC Audience Research Report, May 1957); 'Your Life in Their Hands. An enquiry into the effects of the television series broadcast in the spring of 1958' (London, BBC Audience Research Report, November 1958).
50. The Hurt Mind. An Enquiry into some of the effects of the series of five television broadcasts about mental illness and its treatment' (London, BBC Audience Research Report, May 1957); 'Your Life in Their Hands. An enquiry into the effects of the television series broadcast in the spring of 1958' (London, BBC Audience Research Report, November 1958).
51. G. Lawrence, Object Lessons in the Museum Medium', in S. Pearce (ed.), Objects of Knowledge (London, 1990), pp. 103-24.
52. On the type of programme represented by YLITH, and its potential to undermine the doctor-patient relationship, see 'Disease Education by the BBC', British Medical Journal, I (1958), 510-11.
53. Lawrence, Object Lessons', p. 120.
54. P. Scannell, 'Public Service Broadcasting and Modem Public Life', Media, Culture & Society, 11 (1989), 135-66, p. 149.
55. Scannell, 'Public Service Broadcasting', p. 149.
56. On television documentary in the 1950s, see N. Swallow, 'Documentary Programmes in Television', The Listener, 66 (1961), 717-22, and P. Scannell, The Social Eye of Television', Media, Culture & Society, 1 (1979), 97-106.
57. On television documentary in the 1950s, see N. Swallow, 'Documentary Programmes in Television', The Listener, 66 (1961), 717-22, and P. Scannell, The Social Eye of Television', Media, Culture & Society, 1 (1979), 97-106.
58. Corner, The Art of Record, p. 87.
59. Lawrence, Object Lessons', p. 120.
60. T. Boon, 'Film and the Contestation of Public Health in Interwar Britain' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1999).
61. See, e.g., T. Boon, 'The Smoke Menace: Cinema, Sponsorship and the Social Relations of Science in 1937', in M. Shortland (ed.). Science and Nature: Essays in the History of Environmental Sciences (Oxford, 1993), pp. 57-88; T. Boon, 'Agreement and Disagreement in the Making of "World of Plenty"', in David Smith (ed.), Nutrition in Britain: Science, Scientists and Politics in the Twentieth Century (London, 1996), pp. 166-89.
62. See, e.g., T. Boon, 'The Smoke Menace: Cinema, Sponsorship and the Social Relations of Science in 1937', in M. Shortland (ed.). Science and Nature: Essays in the History of Environmental Sciences (Oxford, 1993), pp. 57-88; T. Boon, 'Agreement and Disagreement in the Making of "World of Plenty"', in David Smith (ed.), Nutrition in Britain: Science, Scientists and Politics in the Twentieth Century (London, 1996), pp. 166-89.
63. I. Schneider, 'Images of the Mind: Psychiatry in the Commercial Film', American Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (1977), 615, cited in M. A. Doane, 'The Clinical Eye', p. 281.
64. I. Schneider, 'Images of the Mind: Psychiatry in the Commercial Film', American Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (1977), 615, cited in M. A. Doane, 'The Clinical Eye', p. 281.
65. G. Tuchman, Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality (New York, 1978), P. Schlesinger, Putting "Reality" Together: BBC News (London, 1978).
66. G. Tuchman, Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality (New York, 1978), P. Schlesinger, Putting "Reality" Together: BBC News (London, 1978).
67. On media-centrism, see P. Schlesinger, 'Rethinking the Sociology of Journalism: Source Strategies and the Limits of Media Centrism', in M. Ferguson (ed.), Public Communication: The New Imperatives (London, 1990). For recent studies of Source media interactions, see A. Hansen (ed.), The Mass Media and Environmental Issues (Leicester, 1993); D. Miller, J. Kitzinger, K. Williams and P. Beharrell, The Circuit of Mass Communication (London, 1998).
68. On media-centrism, see P. Schlesinger, 'Rethinking the Sociology of Journalism: Source Strategies and the Limits of Media Centrism', in M. Ferguson (ed.), Public Communication: The New Imperatives (London, 1990). For recent studies of Source media interactions, see A. Hansen (ed.), The Mass Media and Environmental Issues (Leicester, 1993); D. Miller, J. Kitzinger, K. Williams and P. Beharrell, The Circuit of Mass Communication (London, 1998).
69. On media-centrism, see P. Schlesinger, 'Rethinking the Sociology of Journalism: Source Strategies and the Limits of Media Centrism', in M. Ferguson (ed.), Public Communication: The New Imperatives (London, 1990). For recent studies of Source media interactions, see A. Hansen (ed.), The Mass Media and Environmental Issues (Leicester, 1993); D. Miller, J. Kitzinger, K. Williams and P. Beharrell, The Circuit of Mass Communication (London, 1998).
70. T. Boon, 'Chewing over the Nutritional Value of Food Films to the Social History of Medicine', transcript of paper presented at a meeting of the Society for the Social History of Medicine, 19 April 1996.
71. S. Hilgartner, 'The Dominant View of Popularization: Conceptual Problems, Political Uses', Social Studies of Science, 20 (1990), 519-39.
72. A number of post-war health education films, including Better Dead and Junkie, are listed in Catalogue of Young People's Views of Health on Film, 1946-1997 (unpublished, Health Education Authority, 1997).
73. On Death in the West, see D. Elstein, 'Smoking and the Media', Media, Culture & Society, 1 (1979), 271-6.
74. On Death in the West, see D. Elstein, 'Smoking and the Media', Media, Culture & Society, 1 (1979), 271-6.
75. This is not to suggest that such activity was a post-war phenomenon; as Boon's work demonstrates, coalitions of science, activism, and AV media were present in the inter-war years. See also G. Crothall, 'Images of Regeneration: Film Propaganda and British Slum Clearance Campaigns, 1933-1938', Historical Joumal of Film, Radio & Television, 19 (1999), 339-58.
76. On AIDS and the media, see Miller et al., The Circuit of Mass Communication. On AIDS, the media and policy, see V. Berridge, 'Aids, the Media and Health Policy' Health Education Journal, 50 (1991), 179-85, and V. Berridge, AIDS in the UK: the Making of Policy, 1981-1994 (Oxford, 1996).
77. On AIDS and the media, see Miller et al., The Circuit of Mass Communication. On AIDS, the media and policy, see V. Berridge, 'Aids, the Media and Health Policy' Health Education Journal, 50 (1991), 179-85, and V. Berridge, AIDS in the UK: the Making of Policy, 1981-1994 (Oxford, 1996).
78. On AIDS and the media, see Miller et al., The Circuit of Mass Communication. On AIDS, the media and policy, see V. Berridge, 'Aids, the Media and Health Policy' Health Education Journal, 50 (1991), 179-85, and V. Berridge, AIDS in the UK: the Making of Policy, 1981-1994 (Oxford, 1996).
79. For media content analysis of AIDS, see P. Beharrell, 'News Variations', in Miller et al., The Circuit of Mass Communication, pp. 46-67, and D. Miller and P. Beharrell, 'AIDS and Television News', ibid., pp. 68-90.
80. For media content analysis of AIDS, see P. Beharrell, 'News Variations', in Miller et al., The Circuit of Mass Communication, pp. 46-67, and D. Miller and P. Beharrell, 'AIDS and Television News', ibid., pp. 68-90.
81. Berridge, 'Aids, the Media and Health Policy', p. 182.
82. Ibid., p. 179.
83. See, e.g., D. Miller, 'Risk, Science and Policy: Definitional Struggles, Information Management, the Media and BSE', Social Science and Medicine (Special Historical Issue), 49 (1999), 239-56.
84. These two cases are covered by A. Karpf, Doctoring the Media: The Reporting of Health and Medicine (London, 1988) pp. 232-5.
85. See ibid., pp. 170-5.
86. On professional anonymity, see A. Morrice, "'The Medical Pundits": Doctors and Indirect Advertising in the Lay Press 1922-1927', Medical History, 38 (1994), 255-80.
87. The British National Film Catalogue (London, 1963-).
88. Catalogue of Medical Films, Royal Society of Medicine and the Scientific Film Association (London, 1948), Catalogue of Medical Films, Scientific Film Association (London, 1952), B. Chibnall (ed.). National Film Archive Catalogue, Volume One; Medicine and Allied Sciences (London, 1966).
89. Catalogue of Medical Films, Royal Society of Medicine and the Scientific Film Association (London, 1948), Catalogue of Medical Films, Scientific Film Association (London, 1952), B. Chibnall (ed.). National Film Archive Catalogue, Volume One; Medicine and Allied Sciences (London, 1966).
90. Catalogue of Medical Films, Royal Society of Medicine and the Scientific Film Association (London, 1948), Catalogue of Medical Films, Scientific Film Association (London, 1952), B. Chibnall (ed.). National Film Archive Catalogue, Volume One; Medicine and Allied Sciences (London, 1966).
91. On the BBC archive, see J. Kavanagh, 'The BBC's Written Archives as a Source for Media History', Media History, 5 (1999), 81-6.
92. J. Ballantyne (ed.), Researcher's Guide to British Newsreels, 3 volumes (London, 1983, 1988, 1993).
93. National Film Archive Catalogue, Volume One; Non-Fiction Films (London, 1980), S. Baker and O. Terris (eds.), A for Andromeda to Zoo Time: The Holdings of the National Film and Television Archive, 1936-1979 (London, 1994); E. Burrows, J. Moat, D. Sharp, and L. Wood (eds.), The British Cinema Source Book (London, 1995).
94. National Film Archive Catalogue, Volume One; Non-Fiction Films (London, 1980), S. Baker and O. Terris (eds.), A for Andromeda to Zoo Time: The Holdings of the National Film and Television Archive, 1936-1979 (London, 1994); E. Burrows, J. Moat, D. Sharp, and L. Wood (eds.), The British Cinema Source Book (London, 1995).
95. National Film Archive Catalogue, Volume One; Non-Fiction Films (London, 1980), S. Baker and O. Terris (eds.), A for Andromeda to Zoo Time: The Holdings of the National Film and Television Archive, 1936-1979 (London, 1994); E. Burrows, J. Moat, D. Sharp, and L. Wood (eds.), The British Cinema Source Book (London, 1995).
96. Moving Images of Medical Science and History: A Catalogue of Film and Video Titles held by The Wellcome Trust and Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine (London, 1992), and Catalogue of Films and Videos in the British Medical Association (London, 1993).
97. Moving Images of Medical Science and History: A Catalogue of Film and Video Titles held by The Wellcome Trust and Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine (London, 1992), and Catalogue of Films and Videos in the British Medical Association (London, 1993).
98. D. Kirchner (ed.), Researcher's Guide to British Film & Television Collections, 5th edition (London, 1997). This book is organized alphabetically by the name of the organization holding the footage, and also includes a useful subject index.
99. On this project, see V. Berridge and K. Loughlin, Catalogue of Young People's Views of Health on Film, 1947-1997; A Follow-up Report (unpublished, Health Education Authority, 1997).
100. Sir Anthony Kenny, Report of the Working Party an Legal Deposit (London, 1998), available on the British Library's website (http://www.bl.uk/), p. 12.