The effect of employee uniforms on employee satisfaction

Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 86-95

  Nelson, Kathy ^a   Bowen, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034164860     PISSN: 00108804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0010-8804(00)88902-8     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. 1 M.R. Solomon, "Dress for Effect," Psychology Today, Vol. 20, No. 4 (1986), pp. 20-28.
2. 2 S.C. Ludicke, "'90s Uniforms Project Image to Guests," Lodging, Vol. 4 (1990), pp. 77-78.
3. 3 D.M. Pogoda, "The New Pan Am Gets a New Look," Women's Wear Daily, Vol. 174, No. 55 (1997), p. 23.
4. 4 S.J. Lennon and F.G. Miller, "Salience of Physical Appearance in Impression Formation," Home Economics Research Journal, Vol. 13 (1984), pp. 95-104.
5. 5 M. Lapitsky and C.M. Smith, "Impact of Clothing on Impressions of Personal Characteristics and Writing Ability," Home Economics Research Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4 (1981), pp. 327-355.
6. 6 Solomon, pp. 20-28.
7. 7 A. Rafaeli, "Dress and Behavior of Customer-contact Employees: A Framework for Analysis," Advances in Services Marketing and Management, Vol. 2 (1993), pp. 175-211.
8. 8 L. Jamieson, "Outfitting Staff with Style," Canadian Hotel and Restaurant, Vol. 11 (1988), pp. 26-28.
9. 9 L.R. Kennon and J.S. Reynolds, "Foodservice Industry Uniforms: The Influence on Perceptions of Social Class," Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, Vol. 5, No. 1 (1994), p. 57.
10. 10 Rafaeli, pp. 175-211. Also see: P. Fussell, Class (New York: Ballantine Books, 1983); and John Molloy, Dress for Success (New York: Harper & Row, 1975).
11. 10 Rafaeli, pp. 175-211. Also see: P. Fussell, Class (New York: Ballantine Books, 1983); and John Molloy, Dress for Success (New York: Harper & Row, 1975).
12. 10 Rafaeli, pp. 175-211. Also see: P. Fussell, Class (New York: Ballantine Books, 1983); and John Molloy, Dress for Success (New York: Harper & Row, 1975).
13. 11 A. Rafaeli and M.G. Pratt, "Tailored Meanings: On the Meaning and Impact of Organizational Dress," Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1993), pp. 32-55.
14. 12 Joseph Durocher, "Uniforms: Styles Have Changed but the Purpose Is the Same," Restaurant Business, Vol. 7 (1990), pp. 94-96.
15. 13 D. Biagini, "Uniform Diversity," Hotel and Resort Industry, Vol. 16, No. 10 (1993), p. 50.
16. 14 R. Petit, "Nice Shoes, but Do They Have Anti-lock Brakes?," Hospitality, Vol. 5 (1993), p. 144.
17. 15 M.L. Rosencranz, "Clothing Symbolism," Journal of Home Economics, Vol. 54 (1962), pp. 13-22.
18. 16 Anthony Marshall, "Hotel Security Should Wear Appropriate Uniforms," Hotel & Motel Management, Vol. 213, No. 10 (1998), p. 10.
19. 17 Rafaeli, pp. 175-211.
20. 18 S.M. Forsythe, "Effect of Applicant's Clothing on Interviewer's Decision to Hire," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 20 (1990), pp. 1579-1595.
21. 19 G.E. Goll, "Marketing Your Values: A Method for Conducting a Value Inventory Analysis," Journal of Restaurant and Foodservice Marketing, Vol. 1, No. 2 (1994), p. 15.
22. 20 N. Joseph, Uniforms and Nonuniforms: Communication through Clothing (New York: Greenwood Press, 1986), p. 40.
23. 21 Jamieson, pp. 26-28.
24. 22 For example, see: P.N. Hamid, "Style of Dress as a Perceptual Cue in Impression Formation," Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 26 (1968), pp. 904-906; K. Gibbons, "Communication Aspects of Women's Clothes and Their Relation to Fashionability," British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 8 (1969), pp. 301-312; H.I. Douty, "Influences of Clothing on Perception of Persons," Journal of Home Economics, Vol. 55 (1963), pp. 197-202; Rosencranz, p. 18; and T.E. Lasswell and P.F. Parshall, "The Perception of the Social Class from Photographs," Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 46 (1961), pp. 407-414.
25. 22 For example, see: P.N. Hamid, "Style of Dress as a Perceptual Cue in Impression Formation," Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 26 (1968), pp. 904-906; K. Gibbons, "Communication Aspects of Women's Clothes and Their Relation to Fashionability," British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 8 (1969), pp. 301-312; H.I. Douty, "Influences of Clothing on Perception of Persons," Journal of Home Economics, Vol. 55 (1963), pp. 197-202; Rosencranz, p. 18; and T.E. Lasswell and P.F. Parshall, "The Perception of the Social Class from Photographs," Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 46 (1961), pp. 407-414.
26. 22 For example, see: P.N. Hamid, "Style of Dress as a Perceptual Cue in Impression Formation," Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 26 (1968), pp. 904-906; K. Gibbons, "Communication Aspects of Women's Clothes and Their Relation to Fashionability," British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 8 (1969), pp. 301-312; H.I. Douty, "Influences of Clothing on Perception of Persons," Journal of Home Economics, Vol. 55 (1963), pp. 197-202; Rosencranz, p. 18; and T.E. Lasswell and P.F. Parshall, "The Perception of the Social Class from Photographs," Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 46 (1961), pp. 407-414.
27. 22 For example, see: P.N. Hamid, "Style of Dress as a Perceptual Cue in Impression Formation," Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 26 (1968), pp. 904-906; K. Gibbons, "Communication Aspects of Women's Clothes and Their Relation to Fashionability," British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 8 (1969), pp. 301-312; H.I. Douty, "Influences of Clothing on Perception of Persons," Journal of Home Economics, Vol. 55 (1963), pp. 197-202; Rosencranz, p. 18; and T.E. Lasswell and P.F. Parshall, "The Perception of the Social Class from Photographs," Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 46 (1961), pp. 407-414.
28. 22 For example, see: P.N. Hamid, "Style of Dress as a Perceptual Cue in Impression Formation," Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 26 (1968), pp. 904-906; K. Gibbons, "Communication Aspects of Women's Clothes and Their Relation to Fashionability," British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 8 (1969), pp. 301-312; H.I. Douty, "Influences of Clothing on Perception of Persons," Journal of Home Economics, Vol. 55 (1963), pp. 197-202; Rosencranz, p. 18; and T.E. Lasswell and P.F. Parshall, "The Perception of the Social Class from Photographs," Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 46 (1961), pp. 407-414.
29. 23 Joseph, p. 10.
30. 24 Rafaeli and Pratt, pp. 32-35.
31. 25 H. Markus and Z. Kunda, "Stability and Malleability of the Self-concept," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 51 (1986), pp. 858-866; H. Markus and E. Wurf, "The Dynamic Self-concept: A Social Psychological Perspective," American Review of Psychology, Vol. 38 (1987), pp. 299-337.
32. 25 H. Markus and Z. Kunda, "Stability and Malleability of the Self-concept," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 51 (1986), pp. 858-866; H. Markus and E. Wurf, "The Dynamic Self-concept: A Social Psychological Perspective," American Review of Psychology, Vol. 38 (1987), pp. 299-337.
33. 26 Rafaeli, p. 191.
34. 27 See: S. Milgram, Obedience to Authority (New York: Harper & Row, 1974); and P.G. Zimbardo, "The Human Choice: Individuation, Reason and Order versus Deindividuation, Impulse and Chaos," in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. W.J. Arnold and D. Levine (Lincoln: Nebraska University Press, 1969), pp. 327-347.
35. 27 See: S. Milgram, Obedience to Authority (New York: Harper & Row, 1974); and P.G. Zimbardo, "The Human Choice: Individuation, Reason and Order versus Deindividuation, Impulse and Chaos," in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. W.J. Arnold and D. Levine (Lincoln: Nebraska University Press, 1969), pp. 327-347.
36. 28 Joseph, p. 10.
37. 29 S. B. Wehrenberg, "Front-line Interpersonal Skills a Must in Today's Service Economy," Personnel Journal, Vol. 66, No. 1 (1987), pp. 115-118.
38. 30 R. Normann, Service Management: Strategy and Leadership in Service Businesses (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984), p. 33.
39. 31 C. Barbee and V. Bott, "Customer Treatment as a Mirror of Employee Treatment," SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 2 (1991), pp. 27-31.
40. 32 C.S. Smith, L.M. Kendall, and C.L. Hulin, "The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement: A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes," (Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1991).
41. 33 Chosen from the National Association of Uniform Manufacturers & Distributors 1996 Membership Directory & Resource Guide.
42. 34 For a summary of factor analysis, see: Robert C. Lewis, "Isolating Differences in Hotel Attributes," Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 3 (November 1984), p. 67; or A. Parasuraman, Marketing Research (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1991).
43. 34 For a summary of factor analysis, see: Robert C. Lewis, "Isolating Differences in Hotel Attributes," Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 3 (November 1984), p. 67; or A. Parasuraman, Marketing Research (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1991).
44. Tailoring 0
45. 36 Rafaeli, p. 185.