Habitat alteration and the conservation of African primates: Case study of Kibale National Park, Uganda

American Journal of Primatology

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 169-185

  Chapman, Colin A ^a,b   Lambert, Joanna E ^b  

^a University of Florida ^*  (United States)

^b WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY   (United States)

Author keywords

Agricultural encroachment; Conservation; Logging; Refugia, resettlement; Restoration

Indexed keywords

FOREST CLEARANCE; HABITAT CONSERVATION; PRIMATE;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOMASS; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HUMAN; PRIMATE; TREE; UGANDA;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMALS; BIOMASS; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ENVIRONMENT; HUMANS; PRIMATES; TREES; UGANDA;

UGANDA;

ANIMALIA; MAMMALIA; PAN (APE); PRIMATES;

EID: 0034162743     PISSN: 02752565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(200003)50:3<169::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-P     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Baranga, J. 1991. Kibale Forest Game Corridor: man or wildlife? In: Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ, editors. Nature conservation: the role of corridors. London: Surrey Beatty and Sons, p 371-375.
2. Bennett EL, Dahaban Z. 1995.Wildlife responses to disturbances in Sarawak and their implications for forest management, p 66-86. In: ecology, conservation, and management of southeast asian rainforests. Primack RB, Lovejoy TE, editors. New Haven: Yale University Press.
3. Boulière F. 1985. Primate communities: their structure and role in tropical ecosystems. Int J Primatol 6:1-26.
4. Brown S, Lugo AE. 1990. Tropical secondary forests. J Tropical Ecol 6:1-32.
5. Buckland ST, Anderson DR, Burnham KP, Laake JL. 1993. Distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. London: Chapman & Hall.
6. Burnham KP, Anderson DR, Laake JL. 1980. Estimation of density from line-transect sampling of biological populations. Wildlife Monogr 72.
7. Butynski TM. 1990. Comparative ecology of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in high- and low-density subpopulations. Ecol Monogr 60:1-26.
8. Chapman CA. 1988. Patterns of foraging and range use by three species of neotropical primates. Primates 29:177-194.
9. Chapman CA. 1989. Ecological constraints on group size in three species of neotropical primates. Folia Primatol 73:1-9.
10. Chapman CA. 1990. Association patterns of male and female spider monkeys: the influence of ecology and sex on social organization. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 26:409-414.
11. Chapman CA, Balcomb, S.R, Gillespie, T, Skorupa, J, Struhsaker, T.T. Long-term effects of logging on African primate communities: a 28 year comparison from Kibale National Park, Uganda. Conserv Biol, in press.
12. Chapman CA, Chapman LJ. 1996. Exotic tree plantations and the regeneration of natural forest in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Conserv Biol 76:253-257.
13. Chapman CA, Chapman LJ. 1999. Forest restoration in abandoned agricultural land: a case study from East Africa. Conserv Biol 13:1301-1311.
14. Chapman CA, Chapman LJ. 1997. Forest regeneration in logged and unlogged forests of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Biotropica 29:396-412.
15. Chapman CA, Chapman LJ, Wrangham R, Isabirye-Basuta G, Ben-David K. 1997. Spatial and temporal variability in the structure of a tropical forest. African J Ecol 35:287-302, 1997.
16. Chapman CA, Fedigan LM, Fedigan L. 1988. A comparison of transect methods of estimating population densities of Costa Rican primates. Brenesia 30:67-80.
17. Chapman CA, Gautier-Hion A, Oates JF, Onderdonk DA. 1999. African primate communities: determinants of structure and threats to survival. In: Fleagle JG, Janson CH, Reed K, editors. Primate communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1-37.
18. Chapman CA, Onderdonk DA. 1998. Forests without primates: primate/plant codependency. Am J Primatol 45:127-141.
19. Clutton-Brock TH. 1975. Feeding behaviour of red colobus and black and white colobus in East Africa. Folia Primatol 23:165-207.
20. Cords M. 1987. Forest guenons and patas monkeys: male-male competition in one-male groups. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT, editors. Primate societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p 98-111.
21. Davies AG, Bennett EL, Waterman PG. 1988. Food selection by two southeast Asian colobine monkeys (Presbytis rubicunda and Presbytis melalophos) in relation to plant chemistry. Biol J Linnean Soc 34:33-56, 1988.
22. Defler TR, Pintor D. 1985. Censusing primates by transect in a forest of known primate density. Int J Primatol 6:243-259.
23. Eisenberg JF, Thorington, Jr RW. 1973. A preliminary analysis of a neotropical mammal fauna. Biotropica 5:150-161.
24. Estrada A, Coates-Estrada R. 1985. A preliminary study of resource overlap between howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and other arboreal mammals in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Am J Primatol 9:27-37.
25. Fa JE, Juste J, del Val J.P, Castroviejo J. 1995. Impact of market hunting on mammal species in Equatorial Guinea. Conserv Biol 9:1107-1115.
26. Fairgrieve C. 1995. The comparative ecology of blue monkeys (cercopithecus mitis stuhlmannii) in logged and unlogged forest, budongo forest reserve Uganda: the effects of logging on habitat and population density. Ph.D. dissertation. Edinburgh, Scotland: University of Edinburgh.
27. Fimbel C. 1994a. Ecological correlates of species success in modified habitats may be disturbance- and site-specific: the primates of Tiwai Island. Conserv Biol 8:106-113.
28. Fimbel C. 1994b. The relative use of abandoned farm clearings and old forest habitats by primates and a forest antelope at Tiwai, Sierra Leone, West Africa. Biol Conserv 70:277-286.
29. Galat G, Galat-Luong A. 1985. La communauté de primates diurnes de la foret de Tai, Cote d'Ivoire. Revue D'ecologia (Terre Et Vie) 40:3-32.
30. Ganzhorn JU. 1992. Leaf chemistry and the biomass of folivorous primates in tropical forests: test of a hypothesis. Oecologia 91:540-547.
31. Ghiglieri MP. 1979. The socioecology of chimpanzees in kibale forest, Uganda. Ph.D. dissertation. Davis: University of California.
32. Ghiglieri, M.P. 1984. The chimpanzees of kibale forest. New York: Columbia University Press.
33. Glander K, Fedigan LM, Fedigan L, Chapman CA. 1991. Field methods for capture and measurement of three monkey species in Costa Rica. Folia Primatol 57:70-82.
34. Glanz WE. 1982. The terrestrial mammal fauna of Barro Colorado Island: censuses and long-term changes. In: Leigh, Jr EG, Rand AS, Windsor DM, editors. The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, p 455-468.
35. Hall JS, White LJT, Inogwabini B, Omari I, Simons Morland H, Williamson EA, Saltonstall K, Walsh P, Sikubwabo C, Bonny D, Kiswele KP, Vedder A, Freeman K. 1998. Survey of Grauer's gorillas (Gorilla gorilla graueri) and Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthi) in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park lowland sector and adjacent forest in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Int J Primatol 19:201-235.
36. Hart TB, Hart JA, Hall J. 1996. Conservation in the declining nation state: a view from Eastern Zaire. Conserv Biol 10:685-686.
37. Harvey, P.H, Martin, R.D, Glutton-Brock, T.H. 1987. Life histories in comparative perspective. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT, editors. Primate societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p 181-196.
38. Hashimoto C. 1995. Population census of the chimpanzees in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda: comparison between methods with nest counts. Primates 36:477-488.
39. Howard PC. 1991. Nature conservation in uganda's tropical forest reserves. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
40. IUCN. 1987. IUCN directory of afrotropical protected areas. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
41. Johns AD. 1986. Effects of selective logging on the behavioral ecology of West Malaysian primates. Ecology 67:684-694.
42. Johns AD. 1988. Effects of "selective" timber extraction on rain forest structure and composition and some consequences for frugivores and folivores. Biotropica 20:31-37.
43. Johns AD. 1992. Vertebrate responses to selective logging: implications for the design of logging systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 335:437-442.
44. Johns AG. 1997. Timber production and biodiversity conservation in tropical rain forests. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
45. Jones WT, Bush BB. 1988. Darting and marking techniques for an arboreal forest monkey, Cercopithecus ascanius. Am J Primatol 14:83-89.
46. Kasenene JM. 1987. The influence of mechanized selective logging, felling intensity and gap-size on the regeneration of a tropical moist forest in the Kibale Forest Reserve, Uganda. Ph.D. dissertation. Michigan: Michigan State University.
47. Kelker GH. 1945. Measurement and interpretation of forces that determine populations of managed deer. Ph.D. dissertation. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan.
48. Kingston B. 1967. Working plan for kibale and itwara central forest reserves. Entebbe, Uganda, Uganda Forest Department, 1967.
49. Klein LL, Klein D. 1997. Feeding behavior of the Columbian spider monkey, In: Glutton-Brock TH, editor. Primate ecology. London: Academic Press. p153-181.
50. Lanly JP. 1982. Tropical forest resources. Forestry Paper 30, Rome, Italy: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
51. Lwanga JS. Group fission in blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni): effect on the socioecology in Kibale Forest, Uganda. M.Sc. Thesis. Kampala, Uganda: Makerere University.
52. Marchesi P, Marchesi N, Fruth B, Boesch C. 1995. Census and distribution of chimpanzees in Cote D'Ivoire. Primates 36:591-607.
53. MISR (Makerere Institute for Social Research). 1989. Settlement in forest reserves game reserves and national parks. Kampala, Uganda: Makerere University Press.
54. Mittermeier, R.A, Cheney, D.L. 1987. Conservation of primates and their habitats. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT, editors. Primate societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p 477-490.
55. Mittermeier RA, van Roosmalen MGM. 1981. Preliminary observations on habitat utilization and diet in eight Surinam monkeys. Folia Primatol 36:1-39.
56. National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). 1997. Kabarole district environment profile. Kampala, Uganda: NEMA.
57. National Research Council. 1981. Techniques for the study of primate population ecology. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
58. Oates JF. 1996. Habitat alteration, hunting and the conservation of folivorous primates in African forests. Austral J Ecol 21:1-9.
59. Oates JF 1974. The ecology and behaviour of the black and white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza ruppell) in east africa. Ph.D. dissertation. London: University of London.
60. Oates JF, Davies AG, Delson E. 1996. The diversity of living colobines. In: Colobine monkeys: their ecology, behaviour and evolution. Davies AG Oates JF, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p 45-73.
61. Oates JF, Whitesides GH, Davies AG, Waterman PG, Green SM, Dasilva GL, Mole S. 1990. Determinants of variation in tropical forest primate biomass: new evidence from West Africa. Ecology. 71:328-343.
62. Onderdonk DA. 1998. Coping with forest fragmentation: the primates of kibale national park, Uganda. M.Sc. thesis. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida.
63. van Orsdol KG. 1986. Agricultural encroachment in Uganda's Kibale Forest. Oryx 20:115-117.
64. Osmaston HA. 1959. Working plan for the kibale and itwara forests. Entebbe, Uganda: Uganda Forest Department.
65. Peres CA. 1993. Structure and spatial organization of an Amazonian terre firme primate community. J Tropical Ecol 9:259-276.
66. Plumptre AJ, Reynolds V. 1994a. The effect of selective logging on the primate populations in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. J Appl Ecol 31:631-641.
67. Plumptre AJ, Reynolds V. 1994b. the contribution of fruit eating primates to seed dispersal and natural regeneration after selective logging: Final report of ODA (R4738).
68. Plumptre AJ, Reynolds V. 1996. Censusing chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Int J Primatol 17:85-99.
69. Plumptre AJ, Reynolds V. 1997. Nesting behavior of chimpanzees: implications for censuses. Int J Primatol 18:475-485.
70. Pope TR. 1996. Socioecology, population fragmentation, and patterns of genetic loss in endangered primates. In: Avise JC, Hamrick JL, editors. Conservation genetics: case histories from nature. New York: Chapman and Hall, p 119-159.
71. Raemaekers, J, Chivers, D.J. 1980. Socioecology of Malayan forest primates. In: Chivers DJ, editor. Malayan forest primates: ten years study in tropical rain forest. New York: Plenum Press, p 29-61.
72. Redford KH. 1992. The empty forest. Bioscience 42:412-422.
73. Richards PW. 1996. The tropical rain forest (2nd edition). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
74. Rodman PS. 1978. Diets, densities, and distributions of Bornean primates In: Montgomery GG, editor. The ecology of arboreal folivores. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, p 465-478.
75. Skorupa JP. 1987. Do line-transect surveys systematically underestimate primate densities in logged forests? Am J Primatol 13:1-9.
76. Skorupa JP. 1988. The effect of selective timber harvesting on rain-forest primates in Kibale Forest, Uganda. Ph.D. dissertation: University of California, Davis.
77. Skorupa JP, Kasenene JM. 1984. Tropical forest management: can rates of natural treefalls help guide us? Oryx 18:96-101.
78. Struhsaker TT. 1975. The red colobus monkey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
79. Struhsaker TT. 1976. A further decline in numbers of Amboseli vervet monkeys. Biotropica 8:211-214.
80. Struhsaker TT. 1997. Ecology of an african rain forest: logging in kibale and the conflict between conservation and exploitation. Gainesville, Florida: The University Presses of Florida.
81. Struhsaker TT, Kasenene JM, Gaither Jr. JC, Larsen N, Musango S, Bancroft R. 1989. Tree mortality in the Kibale Forest, Uganda: a case study of dieback in a tropical rainforest adjacent to exotic conifer plantations. Forest Ecol Manage 29:165-185.
82. Struhsaker TT, Leland L. 1979. Socioecology of five sympatric monkey species in the Kibale Forest, Uganda, p 158-228. In: Advances in the study of behaviour, Vol 9. Rosenblatt J, Hinde RA, Beer C, Busnel MC, editors. New York: Academic Press.
83. Symington M. 1988. Demography, ranging patterns, and activity budgets of black spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus chamek) in the Manu National Park, Peru. Am J Primatol 15:45-67.
84. Terborgh J. 1983. Five new world primates. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
85. Terborgh J. 1992. Diversity and the tropical rain forest. New York: Scientific American Library.
86. Terborgh J, van Schaik CP. 1987. Convergence vs. nonconvergence in primate communities, p 205-226. In: Organization of communities, past and present. Gee JHR, Giller PS, editors. Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
87. Thomas SC. 1991. Population densities and patterns of habitat use among anthropoid primates of the Ituri Forest, Zaire. Biotropica 23:68-83.
88. Tutin CEG, Fernandez M. 1984. Nationwide census of gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan t. troglodytes) populations in Gabon. Am J Primatol 6:313-336, 1984.
89. Tutin CEG, White LJT, Mackanga-Missandzou A. 1997. The use by rain forest mammals of natural forest fragments in an equatorial African savanna. Conserv Biol 11:1190-1203.
90. Uhl C. 1987. Factors controlling succession following slash-and-burn agriculture in Amazonia. J Ecol 75:377-407.
91. Waser PM. 1987. Interactions among primate species. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT, editors. Primate societies. Chicago: Chicago University Press, p 210-226.
92. Weisenseel K, Chapman CA, Chapman LJ. 1993. Nocturnal primates of Kibale Forest: effects of selective logging on prosimian densities, Primates 34:445-450.
93. White LJT. 1994. The effects of commercial mechanized selective logging on a transect in lowland rainforest in the Lope Reserve, Gabon. J Tropical Ecol 10:313-322.
94. Whitesides GH, Dates JF, Green SM, Kluberdanz RP. 1988. Estimating primate densities from transects in a West African rain forest: a comparison of techniques. J Anim Ecol 57:345-367.
95. Wilkie, D.S, Sidle, J.G, Boundzanga, G.C. 1992. Mechanized logging, market hunting, and a bank loan in Congo. Conserv Biol 6:570-580.
96. Wilkie DA, Curran B, Tshombe R, Morelli GA. 1998. Modeling sustainability of subsistence farming and hunting in the Ituri Forest of Zaire. Conserv Biol 12:137-147.
97. Wrangham, R.W, Chapman, C.A, Chapman, L.J. 1994. Seed dispersal by forest chimpanzees in Uganda. J Tropical Ecol 10:355-368.
98. Zanne AE. 1998. Expediting indigenous tree regeneration in African grasslands: plantations and the effects of distance and isolation from seed sources. M.Sc. thesis. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida.