메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 258, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 305-318

Cell death in denervated skeletal muscle is distinct from classical apoptosis

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Cell death; Denervation; Muscle fibers; Skeletal muscle

Indexed keywords

DNA; DNA FRAGMENT;

EID: 0034161884     PISSN: 0003276X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(20000301)258:3<305::AID-AR10>3.0.CO;2-A     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (151)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 84940621067 scopus 로고
    • Macrophages in the developing mammalian skeletal muscle: Evidence for muscle fiber death as a normal developmental event
    • Abood EA, Jones MM. 1991. Macrophages in the developing mammalian skeletal muscle: evidence for muscle fiber death as a normal developmental event. Acta Anat 140:201-212.
    • (1991) Acta Anat , vol.140 , pp. 201-212
    • Abood, E.A.1    Jones, M.M.2
  • 2
    • 0027191429 scopus 로고
    • In situ end labeling detects DNA strand breaks in apoptosis and other physiological and pathological states
    • Ansari B, Coates PJ, Greenstein BD, Hall PA. 1993. In situ end labeling detects DNA strand breaks in apoptosis and other physiological and pathological states. J Pathol 170:1-8.
    • (1993) J Pathol , vol.170 , pp. 1-8
    • Ansari, B.1    Coates, P.J.2    Greenstein, B.D.3    Hall, P.A.4
  • 3
    • 0024816995 scopus 로고
    • Muscle fiber loss and re-innervation after long-term denervation
    • Anzil AP, Wernig A, 1989. Muscle fiber loss and re-innervation after long-term denervation. J Neurocytol 18:833-845.
    • (1989) J Neurocytol , vol.18 , pp. 833-845
    • Anzil, A.P.1    Wernig, A.2
  • 4
    • 0003100740 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Molecular aspects and pathological perspective
    • Crocker J, editor. New York: John Wiley & Sons
    • Arends MJ, Harrison DJ. 1994. Apoptosis: molecular aspects and pathological perspective. In: Crocker J, editor. Molecular biology in histopathology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p 151-170.
    • (1994) Molecular Biology in Histopathology , pp. 151-170
    • Arends, M.J.1    Harrison, D.J.2
  • 5
    • 0025932984 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Mechanisms and roles in pathology
    • Arends MJ, Wyllie AH. 1991. Apoptosis: mechanisms and roles in pathology. Int Rev Exp Pathol 32:223-254.
    • (1991) Int Rev Exp Pathol , vol.32 , pp. 223-254
    • Arends, M.J.1    Wyllie, A.H.2
  • 6
    • 0023088406 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-activated protease activity in tenotomized muscle
    • Baker JH, Margolis RN. 1987. Calcium-activated protease activity in tenotomized muscle. Muscle Nerve 10:34-40.
    • (1987) Muscle Nerve , vol.10 , pp. 34-40
    • Baker, J.H.1    Margolis, R.N.2
  • 7
    • 0020333281 scopus 로고
    • The relation of programmed cell death to development and reproduction: Comparative studies and an attempt at classification
    • Beaulaton J, Lockshin RA. 1982. The relation of programmed cell death to development and reproduction: comparative studies and an attempt at classification. Int Rev Cytol 79:215-235.
    • (1982) Int Rev Cytol , vol.79 , pp. 215-235
    • Beaulaton, J.1    Lockshin, R.A.2
  • 8
    • 0028310855 scopus 로고
    • Axotomy results in delayed death and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in adult rats
    • Berkelaar M, Clarke, DB, Wang YC, Bray GM, Aguayo AJ. 1994. Axotomy results in delayed death and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in adult rats. J Neurosci 14:4368-4374.
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 4368-4374
    • Berkelaar, M.1    Clarke, D.B.2    Wang, Y.C.3    Bray, G.M.4    Aguayo, A.J.5
  • 9
    • 0025272539 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the length of the histological stages of apoptosis in normal liver and in altered hepatic foci of rats
    • Bursch W, Paffe S, Putz B, Barthel G, Schulte-Hermann R. 1990. Determination of the length of the histological stages of apoptosis in normal liver and in altered hepatic foci of rats. Carcinogenesis 11:847-853.
    • (1990) Carcinogenesis , vol.11 , pp. 847-853
    • Bursch, W.1    Paffe, S.2    Putz, B.3    Barthel, G.4    Schulte-Hermann, R.5
  • 10
  • 11
    • 0343659019 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle regeneration
    • Oberpriller JO, Oberpriller JC and Mauro A, eds. New York: Harwood Academic Publishers
    • Carlson BM. 1991. Skeletal muscle regeneration. In: The Development and Regenerative Potential of Cardiac Muscle. Oberpriller JO, Oberpriller JC and Mauro A, eds. New York: Harwood Academic Publishers, 439-454.
    • (1991) The Development and Regenerative Potential of Cardiac Muscle , pp. 439-454
    • Carlson, B.M.1
  • 12
    • 0023732054 scopus 로고
    • Reinnervation of long-term denervated rat muscle freely grafted into an innervated limb
    • Carlson BM, Faulkner JA. 1988. Reinnervation of long-term denervated rat muscle freely grafted into an innervated limb. Exp Neurol 102:50-56.
    • (1988) Exp Neurol , vol.102 , pp. 50-56
    • Carlson, B.M.1    Faulkner, J.A.2
  • 13
    • 0026788002 scopus 로고
    • Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation
    • Cohen GM, Sun XM, Snowden RT, Dinsdale D, Skiletter DN. 1992. Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Biochem J 286:331-334.
    • (1992) Biochem J , vol.286 , pp. 331-334
    • Cohen, G.M.1    Sun, X.M.2    Snowden, R.T.3    Dinsdale, D.4    Skiletter, D.N.5
  • 14
    • 0026555808 scopus 로고
    • Internucleosomal DNA cleavage should not be the sole criterion for identifying apoptosis
    • Collins RJ, Harmon BV, Gobe GC, Kerr JFR. 1992. Internucleosomal DNA cleavage should not be the sole criterion for identifying apoptosis. Int J Radiat Biol 61:451-453.
    • (1992) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.61 , pp. 451-453
    • Collins, R.J.1    Harmon, B.V.2    Gobe, G.C.3    Kerr, J.F.R.4
  • 15
    • 0028818456 scopus 로고
    • Satellite cells and myonuclei in long-term denervated rat muscles
    • de Castro Rodrigues A, Schmalbruch H. 1995. Satellite cells and myonuclei in long-term denervated rat muscles. Anat Rec 243:430-437.
    • (1995) Anat Rec , vol.243 , pp. 430-437
    • De Castro Rodrigues, A.1    Schmalbruch, H.2
  • 16
    • 0030663451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internucleosomal DNA cleavage triggered by plasma membrane damage during necrotic cell death. Involvement of serine but not cysteine proteases
    • Dong Z, Saikumar P, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA. 1997. Internucleosomal DNA cleavage triggered by plasma membrane damage during necrotic cell death. Involvement of serine but not cysteine proteases. Am J Pathol 151:1205-1213.
    • (1997) Am J Pathol , vol.151 , pp. 1205-1213
    • Dong, Z.1    Saikumar, P.2    Weinberg, J.M.3    Venkatachalam, M.A.4
  • 18
    • 0028468558 scopus 로고
    • Internucleosomal cleavage of DNA as the sole criterion of apoptosis may be artifactual
    • Enright H, Hebbel RP, Nath KA. 1994. Internucleosomal cleavage of DNA as the sole criterion of apoptosis may be artifactual. J Lab Clin Med 124:63-68.
    • (1994) J Lab Clin Med , vol.124 , pp. 63-68
    • Enright, H.1    Hebbel, R.P.2    Nath, K.A.3
  • 19
    • 0027276494 scopus 로고
    • The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine induces morphological changes typical of apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells without concomitant DNA fragmentation
    • Falcieri E, Martelli AM, Bareggi R, Cataldi A, Cocco L. 1993. The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine induces morphological changes typical of apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells without concomitant DNA fragmentation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 193:19-25.
    • (1993) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.193 , pp. 19-25
    • Falcieri, E.1    Martelli, A.M.2    Bareggi, R.3    Cataldi, A.4    Cocco, L.5
  • 20
    • 0025847055 scopus 로고
    • Human ontogenesis: 3. Cell death in foetal muscle
    • Fidzianska A, Goebel HH. 1991. Human ontogenesis: 3. Cell death in foetal muscle. Acta Neuropathol 81:572-577.
    • (1991) Acta Neuropathol , vol.81 , pp. 572-577
    • Fidzianska, A.1    Goebel, H.H.2
  • 21
    • 0003182742 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis of skeletal muscle fibers
    • Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C, editors. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Franzini-Armstrong C, Fischman DA. 1994. Morphogenesis of skeletal muscle fibers. In: Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C, editors. Myology, basic and clinical. New York: McGraw-Hill; p 74-96.
    • (1994) Myology, Basic and Clinical , pp. 74-96
    • Franzini-Armstrong, C.1    Fischman, D.A.2
  • 23
    • 0015590678 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural and cytochemical features of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers following denervation
    • Gauthier GF, Dunn RA. 1973. Ultrastructural and cytochemical features of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers following denervation. J Cell Sci 12:525-547.
    • (1973) J Cell Sci , vol.12 , pp. 525-547
    • Gauthier, G.F.1    Dunn, R.A.2
  • 24
    • 0026648674 scopus 로고
    • Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation
    • Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA. 1992. Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol 119:493-501.
    • (1992) J Cell Biol , vol.119 , pp. 493-501
    • Gavrieli, Y.1    Sherman, Y.2    Ben-Sasson, S.A.3
  • 25
    • 0028136653 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation between cellular apoptosis and necrosis by combined use of in situ tailing and nick translation techniques
    • Gold R, Schmied M, Giegerich G, Breitschopf H, Hartung HP, Toyka KV, Lassmann H. 1994. Differentiation between cellular apoptosis and necrosis by combined use of in situ tailing and nick translation techniques. Lab Invest 71:219-225.
    • (1994) Lab Invest , vol.71 , pp. 219-225
    • Gold, R.1    Schmied, M.2    Giegerich, G.3    Breitschopf, H.4    Hartung, H.P.5    Toyka, K.V.6    Lassmann, H.7
  • 26
    • 0017639076 scopus 로고
    • Die myotubenrückbildung in den muskelanlagen der menschlichen
    • Grim M. 1977. Die Myotubenrückbildung in den Muskelanlagen der menschlichen Hand Verh Anat Ges 71:1239-1243.
    • (1977) Hand Verh Anat Ges , vol.71 , pp. 1239-1243
    • Grim, M.1
  • 27
    • 0018101002 scopus 로고
    • Acid phosphatase in normal and sarcolytic myotubes in muscle anlagen of the human hand
    • Grim M. 1978. Acid phosphatase in normal and sarcolytic myotubes in muscle anlagen of the human hand. Histochemistry 56:307-316.
    • (1978) Histochemistry , vol.56 , pp. 307-316
    • Grim, M.1
  • 28
    • 0002609547 scopus 로고
    • Trophic interactions between nerve and muscle
    • Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C, editors. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Grinnell AD. 1994. Trophic interactions between nerve and muscle. In: Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C, editors. Myology, basic and clinical. New York: McGraw-Hill. p 303-332.
    • (1994) Myology, Basic and Clinical , pp. 303-332
    • Grinnell, A.D.1
  • 29
    • 0004900713 scopus 로고
    • Morphological changes in the denervated muscle
    • Gutmann E, editor. Prague: Publishing House of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
    • Gutmann E, Zelena J. 1962. Morphological changes in the denervated muscle. In: Gutmann E, editor. The denervated muscle. Prague: Publishing House of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. p 57-102.
    • (1962) The Denervated Muscle , pp. 57-102
    • Gutmann, E.1    Zelena, J.2
  • 30
    • 0002236961 scopus 로고
    • Rate of denervation muscle atrophy
    • Gutmann E, editor. Prague: Publishing House of Czechoslovac Academy of Sciences
    • Hnik P. 1962. Rate of denervation muscle atrophy. In: Gutmann E, editor. The denervated muscle. Prague: Publishing House of Czechoslovac Academy of Sciences. p 341-371.
    • (1962) The Denervated Muscle , pp. 341-371
    • Hnik, P.1
  • 31
    • 0015117787 scopus 로고
    • Shrinkage necrosis: A distinct mode of cellular death
    • Kerr JFR. 1971. Shrinkage necrosis: a distinct mode of cellular death. J Pathol 105:13-20.
    • (1971) J Pathol , vol.105 , pp. 13-20
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1
  • 32
    • 0015383455 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-range implications in tissue kinetics
    • Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. 1972. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-range implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26:239-257.
    • (1972) Br J Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 239-257
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Wyllie, A.H.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 33
    • 0016379549 scopus 로고
    • An electron-microscope study of cell deletion in the anuran tadpole tail during spontaneous metamorphosis with special reference to apoptosis of striated muscle fibers
    • Kerr JFR, Harmon B, Searle J. 1974. An electron-microscope study of cell deletion in the anuran tadpole tail during spontaneous metamorphosis with special reference to apoptosis of striated muscle fibers. J Cell Sci 14:571-585.
    • (1974) J Cell Sci , vol.14 , pp. 571-585
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Harmon, B.2    Searle, J.3
  • 35
    • 0027225992 scopus 로고
    • Macrophages are required for cell death and tissue remodeling in the developing mouse eye
    • Lang RA, Bishop JM. 1993. Macrophages are required for cell death and tissue remodeling in the developing mouse eye. Cell 74:453-462.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 453-462
    • Lang, R.A.1    Bishop, J.M.2
  • 36
    • 0027437541 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear events of apoptosis in vitro in cell-free mitotic extracts: A model system for analysis of the active phase of apoptosis
    • Lazebnik YA, Cole S, Cooke CA, Nelson WG, Earnshaw WC. 1993. Nuclear events of apoptosis in vitro in cell-free mitotic extracts: a model system for analysis of the active phase of apoptosis. J Cell Biol 123:7-22.
    • (1993) J Cell Biol , vol.123 , pp. 7-22
    • Lazebnik, Y.A.1    Cole, S.2    Cooke, C.A.3    Nelson, W.G.4    Earnshaw, W.C.5
  • 37
    • 0002411631 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death and apoptosis
    • Tomei LD, Cope FO, editors. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    • Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z. 1991. Programmed cell death and apoptosis. In: Tomei LD, Cope FO, editors. Apoptosis: the molecular basis of cell death. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. p 47-60.
    • (1991) Apoptosis: The Molecular Basis of Cell Death , pp. 47-60
    • Lockshin, R.A.1    Zakeri, Z.2
  • 38
    • 0000333168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of cell death and its relationship to aging
    • Holbrook MJ, Martin GR, Lockshin RA, editors. New York: Wiley-Liss
    • Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z. 1996. The biology of cell death and its relationship to aging. In: Holbrook MJ, Martin GR, Lockshin RA, editors. Cellular aging and cell death. New York: Wiley-Liss. p 167-180.
    • (1996) Cellular Aging and Cell Death , pp. 167-180
    • Lockshin, R.A.1    Zakeri, Z.2
  • 39
    • 0014504125 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial cell death in the embryonic chick ventricle
    • Manasek FJ. 1969. Myocardial cell death in the embryonic chick ventricle. J Embryol Exp Morphol 21:271-284.
    • (1969) J Embryol Exp Morphol , vol.21 , pp. 271-284
    • Manasek, F.J.1
  • 40
    • 0028929542 scopus 로고
    • Muscle cell death during the development of head and neck muscles in the chick embryo
    • McClearn D, Medville R, Noden D. 1995. Muscle cell death during the development of head and neck muscles in the chick embryo. Dev Dynam 202:367-377.
    • (1995) Dev Dynam , vol.202 , pp. 367-377
    • McClearn, D.1    Medville, R.2    Noden, D.3
  • 41
    • 0014683632 scopus 로고
    • Electron-microscopic structure of denervated skeletal muscle
    • Miledi R, Slater CR. 1969. Electron-microscopic structure of denervated skeletal muscle. Proc R Soc [B] 174:253-269.
    • (1969) Proc R Soc [B] , vol.174 , pp. 253-269
    • Miledi, R.1    Slater, C.R.2
  • 42
    • 0010654462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death during development of animals
    • Holbrook NJ, Martin GR, Lockshin RA, editors. New York: Wiley-Liss
    • Milligan CE, Schwartz LM. 1996. Programmed cell death during development of animals. In: Holbrook NJ, Martin GR, Lockshin RA, editors. Cellular aging and cell death. New York: Wiley-Liss. p 181-208.
    • (1996) Cellular Aging and Cell Death , pp. 181-208
    • Milligan, C.E.1    Schwartz, L.M.2
  • 43
    • 0015452611 scopus 로고
    • Detection and measurement of single-strand breaks in nuclear DNA in fixed lens sections
    • Modak SP, Bollum FJ. 1972. Detection and measurement of single-strand breaks in nuclear DNA in fixed lens sections. Exp Cell Res 75:307-313.
    • (1972) Exp Cell Res , vol.75 , pp. 307-313
    • Modak, S.P.1    Bollum, F.J.2
  • 44
    • 0023222410 scopus 로고
    • Maturation, dystrophic changes and the continuous production of fibers in skeletal muscle regenerating in the absence of nerve
    • Mussini I, Favaro G, Carraro U. 1987. Maturation, dystrophic changes and the continuous production of fibers in skeletal muscle regenerating in the absence of nerve. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 46:315-331.
    • (1987) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 315-331
    • Mussini, I.1    Favaro, G.2    Carraro, U.3
  • 46
    • 0027217084 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic death in epithelial cells: Cleavage of DNA to 300 and/or 50 kb fragments prior to or in absence of internucleosomal fragmentation
    • Oberhammer F, Wilson JW, Dive C, Morris ID, Hickman JA, Wakeling AE, Walker PR, Sikorska M. 1993. Apoptotic death in epithelial cells: cleavage of DNA to 300 and/or 50 kb fragments prior to or in absence of internucleosomal fragmentation. EMBO J 12:3679-3688.
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 3679-3688
    • Oberhammer, F.1    Wilson, J.W.2    Dive, C.3    Morris, I.D.4    Hickman, J.A.5    Wakeling, A.E.6    Walker, P.R.7    Sikorska, M.8
  • 47
    • 0026058318 scopus 로고
    • Cell death during development of the nervous system
    • Oppenheim RW. 1991. Cell death during development of the nervous system. Ann Rev Neurosci 453-501.
    • (1991) Ann Rev Neurosci , pp. 453-501
    • Oppenheim, R.W.1
  • 48
    • 85012650875 scopus 로고
    • An electron microscope study of denervation atrophy in red and white skeletal muscle fibers
    • Pellegrino C, Franzini C. 1963. An electron microscope study of denervation atrophy in red and white skeletal muscle fibers. J Cell Biol 17:327-349.
    • (1963) J Cell Biol , vol.17 , pp. 327-349
    • Pellegrino, C.1    Franzini, C.2
  • 49
    • 0022137716 scopus 로고
    • Neural control of phenotypic expression in mammalian muscle fibers
    • Pette D, Vrbova G. 1985. Neural control of phenotypic expression in mammalian muscle fibers. Muscle Nerve 8:676-689.
    • (1985) Muscle Nerve , vol.8 , pp. 676-689
    • Pette, D.1    Vrbova, G.2
  • 50
    • 0017228158 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural differences during embryonic cell death in normal and peripherally deprived ciliary ganglia
    • Pilar G, Landmesser I. 1976. Ultrastructural differences during embryonic cell death in normal and peripherally deprived ciliary ganglia. J Cell Biol 68:339-356.
    • (1976) J Cell Biol , vol.68 , pp. 339-356
    • Pilar, G.1    Landmesser, I.2
  • 51
    • 0028041471 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic cell death induced by optic nerve lesion in the neonatal rat
    • Rabacchi SA, Bonfant L, Liu XH, Maffei L. 1994. Apoptotic cell death induced by optic nerve lesion in the neonatal rat. J Neurosci 14: 5292-5301.
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 5292-5301
    • Rabacchi, S.A.1    Bonfant, L.2    Liu, X.H.3    Maffei, L.4
  • 52
    • 0027373764 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival. Lessons from the nervous system
    • Raff MC, Barres BA, Burne JF, Cloes HS, Ishizaki Y, Jakobson MD. 1993. Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival. Lessons from the nervous system. Science 262:695-700.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 695-700
    • Raff, M.C.1    Barres, B.A.2    Burne, J.F.3    Cloes, H.S.4    Ishizaki, Y.5    Jakobson, M.D.6
  • 53
    • 0029557213 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in development
    • Sanders RJ, Wride MA. 1995. Programmed cell death in development. Int Rev Cytol 163:105-173.
    • (1995) Int Rev Cytol , vol.163 , pp. 105-173
    • Sanders, R.J.1    Wride, M.A.2
  • 55
    • 0015319006 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the effect of denervation in developing muscle. II. The lysosomal system
    • Schiaffino S, Hanzlikova V. 1972. Studies on the effect of denervation in developing muscle. II. The lysosomal system. J Ultrastr Res 39:1-14.
    • (1972) J Ultrastr Res , vol.39 , pp. 1-14
    • Schiaffino, S.1    Hanzlikova, V.2
  • 56
    • 0025775562 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of long-term denervated rat soleus muscle and the effect of chronic electrical stimulation
    • Schmalbruch H, Al-Amood WS, Lewis DM. 1991. Morphology of long-term denervated rat soleus muscle and the effect of chronic electrical stimulation. J Physiol 441:233-241.
    • (1991) J Physiol , vol.441 , pp. 233-241
    • Schmalbruch, H.1    Al-Amood, W.S.2    Lewis, D.M.3
  • 57
    • 0028278119 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the morphology of denervated with aneurally regenerated soleus muscle of rat with aneurally regenerated soleus muscle of rat
    • Schmalbruch H, Lewis DM. 1994. A comparison of the morphology of denervated with aneurally regenerated soleus muscle of rat with aneurally regenerated soleus muscle of rat. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 15:256-266.
    • (1994) J Muscle Res Cell Motil , vol.15 , pp. 256-266
    • Schmalbruch, H.1    Lewis, D.M.2
  • 58
    • 0027994239 scopus 로고
    • Cell nucleus and DNA fragmentation are not required for apoptosis
    • Schulze-Osthoff K, Walczak H, Droge W, Krammer PH. 1994. Cell nucleus and DNA fragmentation are not required for apoptosis. J Cell Biol 127:15-20.
    • (1994) J Cell Biol , vol.127 , pp. 15-20
    • Schulze-Osthoff, K.1    Walczak, H.2    Droge, W.3    Krammer, P.H.4
  • 59
    • 0026443574 scopus 로고
    • Insect muscle as a model for programmed cell death
    • Schwartz LM. 1992. Insect muscle as a model for programmed cell death. J Neurobiol 23:1312-1326.
    • (1992) J Neurobiol , vol.23 , pp. 1312-1326
    • Schwartz, L.M.1
  • 60
    • 0027291521 scopus 로고
    • Selective repression of actin and myosin heavy chain expression during the programmed death of insect skeletal muscle
    • Schwartz LM, Jones ME, Kosz L, Kuah K. 1993. Selective repression of actin and myosin heavy chain expression during the programmed death of insect skeletal muscle. Dev Biol 158:448-455.
    • (1993) Dev Biol , vol.158 , pp. 448-455
    • Schwartz, L.M.1    Jones, M.E.2    Kosz, L.3    Kuah, K.4
  • 62
    • 0028929328 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and genes of cellular suicide
    • Steller H. 1995. Mechanisms and genes of cellular suicide. Science 267:1445-1449.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1445-1449
    • Steller, H.1
  • 63
    • 0015794273 scopus 로고
    • Normal and denervated muscle, a morphometric study of fine structure
    • Stonnington HH, Engel AG. 1973. Normal and denervated muscle, a morphometric study of fine structure. Neurology 23:714-724.
    • (1973) Neurology , vol.23 , pp. 714-724
    • Stonnington, H.H.1    Engel, A.G.2
  • 64
    • 0026773069 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic cell death and tissue remodeling during mouse mammary gland involution
    • Strange R, Li F, Saurer S, Burkhardt A, Friis RR. 1992. Apoptotic cell death and tissue remodeling during mouse mammary gland involution. Development 115:49-58.
    • (1992) Development , vol.115 , pp. 49-58
    • Strange, R.1    Li, F.2    Saurer, S.3    Burkhardt, A.4    Friis, R.R.5
  • 65
    • 0029188831 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death during mammary gland involution
    • Schwartz LM, Osborne BA, editors. San Diego-New York: Academic Press
    • Strange R, Friis RR, Bemis LT, Jon Geske F. 1995. Programmed cell death during mammary gland involution. In: Schwartz LM, Osborne BA, editors. Cell death. San Diego-New York: Academic Press. p 355-368.
    • (1995) Cell Death , pp. 355-368
    • Strange, R.1    Friis, R.R.2    Bemis, L.T.3    Jon Geske, F.4
  • 66
  • 67
    • 0028943734 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease
    • Thompson C. 1995. Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Science 267:1456-1462.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Thompson, C.1
  • 68
    • 0027339397 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in C3H/10T 1/2 mouse embryonic cells: Evidence for internucleosomal DNA modification in the absence of double strand cleavage
    • Tomei LD, Shapiro JP, Cope FO. 1993. Apoptosis in C3H/10T 1/2 mouse embryonic cells: Evidence for internucleosomal DNA modification in the absence of double strand cleavage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:853-857.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 853-857
    • Tomei, L.D.1    Shapiro, J.P.2    Cope, F.O.3
  • 69
    • 0028007265 scopus 로고
    • DNA fragmentation during programmed cell death in the chick limb buds
    • Tone S, Tanaka S, Minatogawa Y, Kido R. 1994. DNA fragmentation during programmed cell death in the chick limb buds. Exp Cell Res 215:234-236.
    • (1994) Exp Cell Res , vol.215 , pp. 234-236
    • Tone, S.1    Tanaka, S.2    Minatogawa, Y.3    Kido, R.4
  • 70
    • 84982059949 scopus 로고
    • Atrophy and degeneration in skeletal muscle
    • Tower S. 1935. Atrophy and degeneration in skeletal muscle. Am J Anat. 56:1-43.
    • (1935) Am J Anat. , vol.56 , pp. 1-43
    • Tower, S.1
  • 71
    • 0032522984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiber apoptosis in developing rat muscles is regulated by activity, neuregulin
    • Trachtenberg JT. 1998. Fiber apoptosis in developing rat muscles is regulated by activity, neuregulin. Dev Biol 196:193-203.
    • (1998) Dev Biol , vol.196 , pp. 193-203
    • Trachtenberg, J.T.1
  • 72
    • 0026645504 scopus 로고
    • Genome digestion is a dispensable consequence of physiological cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
    • Ucker DS, Obermiller PS, Eckhart W, Apgar JR, Berger NA, Meyers J. 1992. Genome digestion is a dispensable consequence of physiological cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biol 12:3060-3069.
    • (1992) Mol Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 3060-3069
    • Ucker, D.S.1    Obermiller, P.S.2    Eckhart, W.3    Apgar, J.R.4    Berger, N.A.5    Meyers, J.6
  • 73
    • 0028326952 scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary perspective on apoptosis
    • Vaux DL, Haecker G, Strasser A. 1994. An evolutionary perspective on apoptosis. Cell 76:777-779.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 777-779
    • Vaux, D.L.1    Haecker, G.2    Strasser, A.3
  • 76
    • 0024377789 scopus 로고
    • Cell death by apoptosis during involution of the lactating breast in mice and rats
    • Walker NI, Bennet RE, Kerr JF. 1989. Cell death by apoptosis during involution of the lactating breast in mice and rats. Am J Anat 185:19-32.
    • (1989) Am J Anat , vol.185 , pp. 19-32
    • Walker, N.I.1    Bennet, R.E.2    Kerr, J.F.3
  • 77
    • 0017758022 scopus 로고
    • Cell death in developing skeletal muscle: Histochemistry and ultrastructure
    • Webb JN. 1977. Cell death in developing skeletal muscle: histochemistry and ultrastructure. J Pathol 123:175-180.
    • (1977) J Pathol , vol.123 , pp. 175-180
    • Webb, J.N.1
  • 79
    • 0027172322 scopus 로고
    • Molecular regulation of apoptosis: Genetic controls on cell death
    • Williams GT, Smith CA. 1993. Molecular regulation of apoptosis: genetic controls on cell death. Cell 74:777-779.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 777-779
    • Williams, G.T.1    Smith, C.A.2
  • 81
    • 0027495786 scopus 로고
    • In situ labeling of granule cells for apoptosis-associated DNA fragmentation reveals different mechanisms of cell loss in developing cerebellum
    • Wood KA, Dipasquale B, Youle RJ. 1993. In situ labeling of granule cells for apoptosis-associated DNA fragmentation reveals different mechanisms of cell loss in developing cerebellum. Neuron 11:621-632.
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.11 , pp. 621-632
    • Wood, K.A.1    Dipasquale, B.2    Youle, R.J.3
  • 83
    • 0027419446 scopus 로고
    • Delayed internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in programmed cell death
    • Zakeri ZF, Quaglino D, Latham T, Lockshin RA. 1993. Delayed internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in programmed cell death. FASEB J 7:470-478.
    • (1993) FASEB J , vol.7 , pp. 470-478
    • Zakeri, Z.F.1    Quaglino, D.2    Latham, T.3    Lockshin, R.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.