Intravenous sedation in pediatric dentistry using Midazolam, Nalbuphine and Droperidol

Pediatric Dentistry

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 113-119

  Milnes, Alan R ^b   Maupomé, Gerardo ^a   Cannon, Jennifer ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; DROPERIDOL; INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC AGENT; MIDAZOLAM; NALBUPHINE;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENTAL ANESTHESIA; DENTAL CARE; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; INFANT; INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA; METHODOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROSPECTIVE STUDY;

ADOLESCENT; ANESTHESIA, DENTAL; ANESTHESIA, INTRAVENOUS; ANESTHETICS, COMBINED; ANESTHETICS, INTRAVENOUS; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; DENTAL CARE FOR CHILDREN; DROPERIDOL; HUMANS; INFANT; MIDAZOLAM; NALBUPHINE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 0034149881     PISSN: 01641263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Moore PA, Houpt M: Sedative Drug Therapy in Pediatric Dentistry. In: Management of Pain and Anxiety in Dental Practice. Dionne RA, Phero JC EDS, New York: Elsevier, 1991.
2. Coté C: Sedation for the pediatric patient: a review. Pediatr Clin NA 41:31-58, 1994.
3. Coté C, Alderfer RJ, Notterman DA, Fanta KB: Sedation disasters: adverse drug reports in pediatrics. Anesthesiol 83(3A):A1183, 1995.
4. Maliviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Tait AR: Adverse events and risk factors associated with the sedation of children by nonanesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 85:1207-13, 1997.
5. Nathan JE: Managing behavior of pre-cooperative children. Dental Clin NA 39:789-816, 1995.
6. Badalaty MM, Houpt MI, Koenigsberg SR, Maxwell KC, DesJardin PJ: A comparison of chloral hydrate and diazepam sedation in young children. Pediatr Dent 12:33-37, 1990.
7. Saarnivaara L, Lindgren L, Klemola UM: Comparison of chloral hydrate and midazolam by mouth as premedicants in children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. Brit J Anesth 61:390-396, 1988.
8. McCann W, Wilson S, Larsen P, Stehle B: The effects of nitrous oxide on behaviour and physiological parameters during conscious sedation with a moderate dose of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine. Pediatr Dent 18:35-41, 1996.
9. Flaitz CM, Nowak AJ: Evaluation of the sedative effect of rectally administered diazepam for the young dental patient. Pediatr Dent 7:292-96, 1985.
10. Holm-Knudsen R, Clausen TG: Rectal administration of midazolam versus diazepam for pre-anesthetic sedation in children. Anesth Prog 37:29-31, 1990.
11. Shane SA, Fuchs SM, Khine H: Efficacy of rectal midazolam for the sedation of preschool children undergoing laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med 24:1065-73, 1994.
12. Streisand JB, Stanley TH, Hague B, van Vreeswijk H, Ho GH, Pace NL: Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate premedication in children. Anesth Analg 69:28-34, 1989.
13. Schutzman SA, Burg, J, Liebelt E et al.: Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for premedication of children undergoing laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med 24:1059-64, 1994.
14. Abrams R, Morrison JE, Villasenor A, Hencmann D, Da Fonseca M, Mueller W: Safety and effectiveness of intranasal administration of sedative medications (ketamine, midazolam, or sufentanil) for urgent brief pediatric dental procedures. Anesth Prog 40:6366, 1993.
15. Theroux MC, West DW, Corddry DH, Hyde PM, Bachrach SJ, Cronan KM, Kettrick RG: Efficacy of intranasal midazolam in facilitating suturing of lacerations in preschool children in the emergency department. Pediatr. 91:624-627, 1993.
16. Connors K, Terndrup TE: Nasal versus oral midazolam for sedation of anxious children undergoing laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med 24:1074-79, 1994.
17. Bates BA, Schutzman SA, Fleisher GR: A comparison of intranasal sufentanil and midazolam to intramuscular meperidine, promethazine and chlorpromazine for conscious sedation in children. Ann Emerg Med 24:646-651, 1994.
18. Wilson S: A review of important elements in sedation study methodology. Pediatr Dent 17:406-412, 1995.
19. Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients during and after Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Committee on Drugs, American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatrics 89:1110-1115, 1992.
20. Guidelines for the elective use of pharmacologic conscious sedation and deep sedation in pediatric dental patients. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatr Dent Spec. Iss. 19:48-53, 1997.
21. Varela CD, Lorfing KC, Schmidt TL: Intravenous sedation for the closed reduction of fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg 77A:340-345, 1995.
22. Squires RH, Morriss F, Schluterman S, Drews B, Gaylen L, Brown K: Efficacy, safety and cost of intravenous sedation versus general anesthesia in children undergoing endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc 41:99-104, 1995.
23. Chuang E, Wenner WJ, Piccoli DA, Altschuler SM, Liacouras CA: Intravenous sedation in pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 42: 156-160, 1995.
24. Sievers TD, Yee JD, Foley ME, Blanding PJ, Berde CB: Midazolam for conscious sedation during pediatric oncology procedures: safety and recovery parameters. Pediatrics 88:1172-1179, 1991.
25. Parker RI, Mahan RA, Giugliano D, Parker MM: Efficacy and safety of intravenous midazolam and ketamine as sedation for therapeutic and diagnostic procedures in children. Pediatrics 99:427-431, 1997.
26. Wright SW, Chudnofsky CR, Dronen SC, Kothari R, Birrer P, Blanton DM, Bruner A: Comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation in the emergency department. Annals Emerg. Med. 22:201-205, 1993.
27. Pohlgeers AP, Friedland LR, Keegan-Jones L: Combination fentanyl and diazepam for pediatric conscious sedation. Academic Emerg Med 2:879-883, 1995.
28. Barr ES, Wynn RL: IV sedation in pediatric dentistry: an alternative to general anesthesia. Pediatr Dent 14:251-255, 1992.
29. Veerkamp JSJ, Porcelijn T, Gruthuysen RJM: Intravenous sedation for outpatient treatment of child dental patients: an exploratory study. J. Dent. Child. 64:48-54, 1997.
30. Fisbaugh DF, Wilson S, Preisch JW, Weaver JM: Relationship of tonsil size on and airway blockage maneuver in children during sedation. Pediatr. Dent. 19:277-281, 1997.
31. Paradise JL, Bernard BS, Colborn DK, Janosky JE: Assessment of adenoidal obstruction in children: clinical signs versus roentgenographic findings. Pediatr. 101-979-986, 1998.
32. Frankl SN, Shiere FR, Fogels HR: Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? J. Dent. Child. 29:150-163, 1962.
33. Lochary M, Wilson S, Griffen A, Coury D: Temperament as a predictor of behaviour for conscious sedation in dentistry. Pediatr. Dent. 15:348-352. 1993.
34. Rohlfing GK, Dilley DC, Lucas WJ, Vann WF: The effect of supplemental oxygen on apnea and oxygen saturation during pediatric conscious sedation. Pediatr. Dent 20:8-16, 1998.
35. Liu S-Y., Lee T-S, Bongard F: Accuracy of capnography in nonintubated surgical patients. Chest 102:1512-1515, 1992.
36. Hart LS, Berns SD, Houck CS, Boenning DA: The value of end-tidal CO2 monitoring when comparing three methods of conscious sedation for children undergoing painful procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 13:189-193, 1997.
37. Shannon M, Albers G, Burkhart K, Liebelt E, Kelley M, McCubbin MM, Hoffman J, Massarella J: Safety and efficacy of flumazenil in the reversal of benzodiazepine-induced conscious sedation. J. Pediatr. 131:582-586, 1997.
38. Payne K, Mattheyse FJ, Liebenberg D, Dawes T: Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in pediatric patients. European J. Clin. Pharmacol. 37:267-272, 1989.
39. Garzone PD, Korboth PD: Pharmacokinetics of the newer benzodiazepines. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 16:337-364, 1989.
40. Rey E, Delauney L, Pons G, Murat I, Richard MO, Saint-Maurice C, Olive G: Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in children: comparative study of intranasal and intravenous administration. European J. Clin. Pharmacol. 41:355-357, 1991.
41. Milgrom P, Weinstein P, Fiset L, Beirne OR: The anxiolytic effects of intravenous sedation using midazolam alone or in multiple drug techniques. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 52:219-224, 1994.
42. Gal TJ, DiFazio CA, Moscicki J: Analgesic and respiratory depressant activity of nalbuphine: a comparison with morphine. Anesthesiol 57:367-374, 1982.
43. Stambaugh JE: Evaluation of nalbuphine: efficacy and safety in the management of chronic pain associated with advanced malignancy. Curr Ther Res 31:393-397, 1982.
44. Beaver WT, Feise GA, Robb D: Analgesic effect of intramuscular and oral nalbuphine in postoperative pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 29:174-180, 1981.
45. Jaillon P, Gardin ME, Lecocq B, Richard MO, Meignan S, Blondel Y et al.: Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine in infants, young healthy volunteers and elderly patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46:226-233, 1989.
46. Moore PA, Finder RL, Jackson DL: Multidrug intravenous sedation: determinants of the sedative dose of midazolam. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endol. 84:5-10, 1997.
47. Yaster M, Nichols DG, Deshpande JK, Wetzel RC: Midazolam-fentanyl intravenous sedation in children: case report of respiratory arrest. Pediatrics 86:463-467, 1990.
48. Ingebo KR, Rayborn NJ, Hecht RM, Shelton MT, Silber GH, Shub MD: Sedation in children: adequacy of two-hour fasting. J Pediatr. 131:155-158, 1997.
49. Lunn DV, Lauder GR, Williams AR, Pickering RM, McQuillan PJ: Low-dose droperidol reduces postoperative vomiting in pediatric day surgery. Brit. J. Anesth. 74:509-511, 1995.
50. Grunwald Z; Torjman M; Schieren H; Bartkowski RR: The pharmacokinetics of droperidol in anesthetized children. Anesth. Anal. 76:1238-1242, 1993.
51. Abramowitz MD; Oh TH; Epstein BS: The antiemetic effect of droperidol following outpatient strabismus surgery. Anesthesiol. 59:579-583, 1983.
52. Lerman J; Eustis S; Smith DR: Effect of droperidol pretreatment on post-anesthetic vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Anesthesiol. 65:322-325, 1986.
53. Tolia V, Fleming SL, Kauffman RE: Randomized, double-blind trial of midazolam and diazepam for endoscopic sedation in children. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 14:141-147, 1990.
54. Gremse DA, Kumar S, Sacks AI: Conscious sedation with high-dose midazolam for pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy. South Med. J. 90:821-825, 1997.
55. Andrus CH, Dean PA, Ponsky JL: Evaluation of safe, effective intravenous sedation for utilization in endoscopic procedures. Surg. Endosc. 4:179-183, 1990.