The affective bases for the gendering of traits: Comparing the United States and Canada

Social Psychology Quarterly

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 34-48

  Langford, Tom ^a   Mackinnon, Neil J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034144712     PISSN: 01902725     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2695879     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Aiken, Leona S. and Stephen G. West. 1991. Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Alexander, C. Norman, Jr. and Mary Glenn Wiley. 1981. "Situated Activity and Identity Formation." Pp. 269-89 in Social Psychology: Sociological Perspectives, edited by Morris Rosenberg and Ralph H. Turner. New York: Basic Books.
3. Ashmore, Richard D. and Francis K. Del Boca. 1979. "Sex Stereotypes and Implicit Personality Theory: Toward a Cognitive-Social Psychological Conceptualization." Sex Roles 5:219-48.
4. Ashmore, Richard D., Frances K. Del Boca, and Arthur J. Wohlers. 1986. "Gender Stereotypes." Pp. 69-119 in The Social Psychology of Female-Male Relations: A Critical Analysis of Central Concepts, edited by Richard D. Ashmore and Frances K. Del Boca. Orlando: Academic Press.
5. Bem, Sandra L. 1987. "Masculinity and Femininity Exist Only in the Mind of the Perceiver." Pp. 304-311 in Masculinity/Femininity: Basic Perspectives, edited by June M. Reinisch, Leonard A. Rosenblum, and Stephanie A. Sanders. New York: Oxford University Press.
6. Berger, Joseph, Bernard P. Cohen, and Morris Zelditch. 1972. "Status Characteristics and Social Interaction." American Sociological Review 37:241-55.
7. Berger, Joseph, David G. Wagner, and Morris Zelditch. 1985. "Introduction: Expectation States Theory: Review and Assessment." Pp. 1-72 in Status, Rewards and Influence: How Expectations Organize Behavior, edited by Joseph Berger and Morris Zelditch. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
8. Best, Deborah L., John E. Williams, and Stephen R. Briggs. 1980. "A Further Analysis of the Affective Meanings Associated with Male and Female Sex-Trait Stereotypes." Sex Roles 6:735-46.
9. Burke, Peter J. 1980. "The Self: Measurement Requirements from an Interactionist Perspective." Social Psychology Quarterly 43:18-30.
10. Burke, Peter and Donald C. Reitzes. 1981. "The Link between Identity and Role Performance." Social Psychology Quarterly 44:83-92.
11. _. 1991. "An Identity Theory Approach to Commitment." Social Psychology Quarterly 54:239-51.
12. Cerulo, Karen A. 1997. "Identity Construction: New Issues, New Directions." Annual Review of Sociology 23:385-409.
13. Collins, Randall. 1981. "On the Microfoundations of Macrosociology." American Journal of Sociology 86:984-1014.
14. _. 1990. "Stratification, Emotional Energy, and the Transient Emotions." Pp. 27-57 in Research Agenda in the Sociology of Emotions, edited by Theodore D. Kemper. Albany: SUNY Press.
15. Connell, R.W. 1987. Gender and Power: Society, the Person and Sexual Politics. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
16. Conway, Michael, M.T. Pizzamiglio, and Lauren Mount. 1996. "Status, Communality, and Agency: Implications for Stereotypes of Gender and Other Groups." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71:25-38.
17. Deaux, Kay. 1995. "How Basic Can You Be? The Evolution of Research on Gender Stereotypes." Journal of Social Issues 51:11-20.
18. Deaux, Kay and Mary Kite. 1993. "Gender Stereotypes." Pp. 107-39 in Psychology of Women: A Handbook of Issues and Theories, edited by Florence L. Denmark and Michelle A. Palude. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
19. Deaux, Kay and Laurie L. Lewis. 1989. "Structure of Gender Stereotypes: Interrelationships among Components and Gender Label." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:991-1004.
20. Eagly, Alice H. and Antonio Mladinic. 1989. "Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes toward Women and Men." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 15:543-58.
21. _. 1994. "Are People Prejudiced against Women? Some Answers from Research on Attitudes, Gender Stereotypes, and Judgements of Competence." European Review of Social Psychology 5:1-34.
22. Eagly, Alice H. and Valerie J. Steffen. 1984. "Gender Stereotypes Stem from the Distribution of Women and Men into Social Roles." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:735-54.
23. Foote, Nelson N. 1951. "Identification as the Basis for a Theory of Motivation." American Sociological Review 16:14-21.
24. Glick, Peter and Susan T. Fiske. 1999. "Sexism and Other 'Isms': Independence, Status and the Ambivalent Content of Stereotypes." Pp. 193-221 in Sexism and Stereotypes in Modern Society, edited by William B. Swann Jr., Judith H. Langlois, and Lucia A. Gilbert. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
25. Glick, Peter, Korin Wilk, and Michele Perreault. 1995. "Images of Occupations: Components of Gender and Status in Occupational Stereotypes." Sex Roles 32:565-82.
26. Gough, H.G. and A.B. Heilbrun Jr. 1965. The Adjective Check List Manual. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
27. Heise, David R. 1979. Understanding Events. New York: Cambridge University Press.
28. _. 1988. "Affect Control Theory: Concepts and Models." Pp. 1-33 in Analyzing Social Interaction: Advances in Affect Control Theory, edited by Lynn Smith-Lovin and David R. Heise. New York: Gordon and Breach.
29. Hewitt, John P. 1994. Self and Society: A Symbolic Interactionist Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
30. Howard, Judith A. 1995. "Social Cognition." Pp. 90-117 in Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology, edited by Karen S. Cook, Gary A. Fine, and James S. House. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
31. Jaccard, James, Robert Turrisi, and Choi K. Wan. 1990. Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
32. Kemper, Theodore D. 1978. A Social Interactional Theory of Emotions. New York: Wiley.
33. _. 1981. "Social Constructionist and Positivist Approaches to the Sociology of Emotions." American Journal of Sociology 87:336-62.
34. Kemper, Theodore D. and Randall Collins. 1990. "Dimensions of Microinteraction." American Journal of Sociology 96:32-68.
35. Lutz, Catherine A. 1996. "Engendered Emotion: Gender, Power, and the Rhetoric of Emotional Control in American Discourse." Pp. 151-70 in The Emotions: Social, Cultural and Biological Dimensions, edited by Rom Harré and W.G. Parrott. London: Sage.
36. MacKinnon, Neil J. 1994. Symbolic Interactionism As Affect Control. Albany: SUNY Press.
37. MacKinnon, Neil J. and Tom Langford. 1994. "The Meaning of Occupational Prestige Scores: A Social Psychological Analysis and Interpretation." Sociological Quarterly 35:215-45.
38. McCall, George J. and Jerry L. Simmons. 1966. Identities and Interaction. New York: Free Press.
39. Osgood, Charles E. 1969. "On the Whys and Wherefores of E, P, and A." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 12:194-99.
40. Osgood, Charles E., William H. May, and Murray S. Miron. 1975. Cross-Cultural Universals of Affective Meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
41. Osgood, Charles E., George J. Suci, and Percy H. Tannenbaum. 1957. The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
42. Parsons, Talcott R. and Edward A. Shils. 1951. Toward a General Theory of Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
43. Romney, A.K., Susan C. Weller, and William H. Batchelder. 1986. "Culture As Consent: A Theory of Culture and Informant Accuracy." American Anthropologist 88:313-38.
44. Rosenberg, Seymour, Carnot Nelson, and P.S. Vivekananthan. 1968. "A Multidimensional Approach to the Structure of Personality Impressions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 9:283-94.
45. Ruddick, Sarah. 1995. Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace, 2nd Edition. Boston: Beacon.
46. Schuman, Howard. 1995. "Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior." Pp. 68-89 in Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology, edited by Karen S. Cook, Gary A. Fine, and James S. House. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
47. Smith-Lovin, Lynn and David R. Heise, eds. 1988. Analyzing Social Interaction: Advances in Affect Control Theory. New York: Gordon and Breach.
48. Smoreda, Zbigniew. 1995. "Power, Gender Stereotypes and Perceptions of Heterosexual Couples." British Journal of Social Psychology 34:421-35.
49. Spence, Janet T. and Robert L. Helmreich. 1978. Masculinity and Femininity: Their Psychological Dimensions, Correlates, and Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press.
50. Stryker, Sheldon. 1968. "Identity Salience and Role Performance: The Relevance of Symbolic Interaction Theory for Family Research." Journal of Marriage and the Family 30:558-64.
51. _. 1980. Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version. Menlo Park: Benjamin/Cummings.
52. _. 1987. "Identity Theory: Developments and Extensions." Pp. 89-104 in Self and Identity, edited by Krysia Yardley and Terry Honess. New York: Wiley.
53. Thoits, Peggy A. 1991. "On Merging Identity Theory and Stress Research." Social Psychology Quarterly 54:101-12.
54. Williams, John E. and Deborah L. Best. 1982. Measuring Sex Stereotypes: A Thirty-Nation Study. Beverly Hills: Sage.
55. _. 1990. Measuring Sex Stereotypes: A Multination Study. Revised ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.