The conservative approach in the treatment of furcation lesions

Periodontology 2000

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 133-153

  Cattabriga, Marcello ^a   Pedrazzoli, Vinicio ^a   Wilson Jr , Thomas G ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; METRONIDAZOLE; TETRACYCLINE; TOPICAL ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

AMPUTATION; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; MOLAR TOOTH; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PERIODONTICS; PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY; REVIEW; TOOTH BRUSHING; TOOTH ROOT;

AMPUTATION; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; DENTAL SCALING; FURCATION DEFECTS; HUMANS; METRONIDAZOLE; MOLAR; SUBGINGIVAL CURETTAGE; TETRACYCLINE; TOOTH ROOT; TOOTHBRUSHING;

EID: 0034139794     PISSN: 09066713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2220109.x     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Amen CR. Hemisection and root amputation. Periodontics 1966: 4: 1977-1981.
2. Basten CH-J, Ammons WF, Persson R. Long-term evaluation of root-resected molars: a retrospective study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1996: 16: 207-219.
3. Becker W, Berg MRL, Becker BE. Untreated periodontal disease: a longitudinal study. J Periodontol 1979: 50: 234-244.
4. Becker W, Berg MRL, Becker BE. Untreated periodontal disease: a longitudinal study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1984: 4: 55-71.
5. Bergenholtz A. Radectomy of multirooted teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 1972: 85: 870-875.
6. Björn A-L, Hjort P. Bone loss of furcated mandibular molars. A longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 1982: 9: 402-408.
7. Blomlöf L, Jansson L, Appelgren R, Ehnevid H, Lindskog S. Prognosis and mortality of root-resected molars. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1997: 17: 191-201.
8. Bower RC. Furcation morphology relative to periodontal treatment. Furcation entrance architecture. J Periodontol 1979: 50: 23-27.
9. Bower RC. Furcation morphology relative to periodontal treatment. Furcation root surface anatomy. J Periodontol 1979: 50: 366-374.
10. Brägger U, Pasquali L, Weber H, Kornman KS. Computer-assisted densitometric image analysis for the assessment of alveolar bone density changes in furcations. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 46-52.
11. Buckley LA, Crowley MJ. A longitudinal study of untreated periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1984: 10: 523-530.
12. Buhler H. Evaluation of root-resected teeth. Results after 10 years. J Periodontol 1988: 59: 805.
13. Bælum V, Fejerskov O, Karring T. Oral hygiene, gingivitis and periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians. J Periodontal Res 1986: 21: 221-232.
14. Bæslum V, Fejerskov O, Manji F. Periodontal disease in adult Kenyans. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 445-452.
15. Carnevale G, Pontoriero R, di Febo G. Long-term effects of root-resective therapy in furcation-involved molars. A 10-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 209-214.
16. Carnevale GF, Pontoriero R, Markus BH. Management of furcation involvement. Periodontol 2000 1995: 9: 69-89.
17. Chiu BM, Zee K-Y, Corbet EF, Holmgren CJ. Periodontal implications of furcation entrance dimensions in Chinese first permanent molars. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 308-311.
18. Cobb CM. Non-surgical pocket therapy: mechanical. Ann Periodontol 1996: 1: 443-490.
19. Eickholz P, Staehle HJ. The reliability of furcation measurements. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 611-612.
20. Eickholz P. Reproducibility and validity of furcation measurements as related to class of furcation invasion. J Periodontol 1995: 66: 984-989.
21. Farrar JM. Radical and heroic treatment of alveolar abscess by amputation of roots of teeth. Dent Cosmos 1884: 26: 79-82.
22. Fleischer HC, Mellonig JT, Brayer WK, Gray JL, Barnett JD. Scaling and root planing in multirooted teeth. J Periodontol 1989: 60: 402-409.
23. Glickman I. Clinical periodontology. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1958: 694-696.
24. Goldman MJ, Ross IF, Goteiner D. Effect of periodontal therapy on patients maintained for 15 years or longer. A retrospective study. J Periodontol 1986: 57: 347-353.
25. Goodson JM, Tanner ACR, Haffajee AD, Sornberger GC, Socransky SS. Patterns of progression and regression of advanced destructive periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1982: 9: 472-481.
26. Green EN. Hemisection and root amputation. J Am Dent Assoc 1986: 112: 511-518.
27. Greenstein G. Periodontal response to mechanical non-surgical therapy: a review. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 118-130.
28. Gutmann JL. Prevalence, location, and patency of accessory canals in the furcation region of permanent molars. J Periodontol 1978: 49: 21-26.
29. Hamp S-E, Nyman S, Lindhe J. Periodontal treatment of multirooted teeth. Results after 5 years. J Clin Periodontol 1975: 2: 126-135.
30. Hardekopf JD, Dunlap RM, Ahl DR, Pelleu GB. The "furcation arrow". A reliable radiographic image. J Periodontol 1987: 58: 258-261.
31. Helldén L, Elliot A, Steffensen B, Steffensen JEM. The prognosis of tunnel preparations in treatment of class III furcations. A follow-up study. J Periodontol 1989: 60: 182-187.
32. Hirschfeld L, Wasserman B. A long-term survey of tooth loss in 600 treated periodontal patients. J Periodontol 1978: 49: 225-237.
33. Hou G-L, Tsai C-C. Relationship between periodontal furcation involvement and molar cervical enamel projections. J Periodontol 1987: 58: 715-721.
34. Hou G-L, Tsai C-C. Cervical enamel projections and intermediate bifurcational ridge correlated with molar furcation involvements. J Periodontol 1997: 68: 687-693.
35. Hou G-L, Chen S-F, Wu Y-M, Tsai C-C. The topography of the furcation entrance in Chinese molars. Furcation entrance dimensions. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 451-456.
36. Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Paul KD, Molvar MP. Responses of four tooth and site groupings to periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1990: 61: 173-179.
37. Kaldahl WB, Johnson GK, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. Levels of cigarette consumption and response to periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1996: 67: 675-681.
38. Kalkwarf KL, Kaldahl WB, Patil KD. Evaluation of furcation region response to periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1988: 59: 794-804.
39. Kenney EB, Lekovic V, Elbaz JJ, Kovacic K, Carranza FA Jr, Takei HH. The use of porous hydroxylapatite implant in periodontal defects. II. Treatment of class II furcation lesions in lower molars. J Periodontol 1988: 59: 67-72.
40. Kieser JB. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy. In: Lang NP, Karring T, ed. Proceedings of the 1st European Workshop in Periodontology. London: Quintessence Publishing Co., 1994: 131-158.
41. Klavan B. Clinical observation following root amputation in maxillary teeth. J Periodontol 1975: 46: 1-5.
42. Knowles JW, Burgett FG, Nissle RR, Shick RA, Morrison EC, Ramfjord SP. Results of periodontal treatment related to pocket depth and attachment level. 8 years. J Periodontol 1979: 50: 225-233.
43. Kocher T, Rühling A, Herweg M, Plagman HC. Proof of efficacy of different modified sonic scaler inserts used for debridement in furcations - a dummy head trial. J Clin Periodontol 1996: 23: 662-669.
44. Kornman KS, Crane A, Wang H-Y, di Giovine FS, Newman MG, Pirk FW, Wilson Jr. TG, Higgingbottom FL, Duff GW. The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1997: 24: 72-77.
45. Larato DC. Furcation involvements: incidence and distribution. J Periodontol 1970: 41: 499-506.
46. Larato DC. Some anatomical factors related to furcation involvements. J Periodontol 1975: 46: 609-615.
47. Langer B, Stein SB, Wagenberg B. An evaluation of root resections. A ten-year study. J Periodontol 1981: 52: 719-722.
48. Leon LE, Vogel RI. A comparison of the effectiveness of hand scaling and ultrasonic debridement in furcations as evaluated by differential dark-field microscopy. J Periodontol 1987: 58: 86-94.
49. Lindhe J, Nyman S. Long-term maintenance of patients treated for advanced periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1984: 11: 504-514.
50. Lindhe J, Okamoto H., Yoneyama T, Haffajee A, Socransky SS. Periodontal loser sites in untreated adult subjects. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 671-678.
51. Little LA, Beck FM, Bagci B, Horton JE. Lack of furcal bone loss following the tunneling procedure. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 637-641.
52. Löe H, Anerud A, Boysen H, Morrison EC. Natural history of periodontal disease in man. Rapid, moderate and no loss of attachment in Sri Lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age. J Clin Periodontol 1986: 13: 431-440.
53. Loos B, Claffey N, Egelberg J. Clinical and microbiological effects of root debridement in periodontal furcation pockets. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 453-463.
54. Loos B, Nylund K, Claffey N, Egelberg J. Clinical effect of root debridement in molar and non-molar teeth. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 498-504.
55. Marshall-Day CD, Stephens RG, Quigley LF Jr. Periodontal disease: prevalence and incidence. J Periodontol 1955: 26: 185-203.
56. Matia J, Bissada N, Maybury J, Ricchetti P. Efficiency of scaling the molar furcation area with and without surgical access. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1986: 5: 25-35.
57. McFall WT. Tooth loss in 100 treated patients with periodontal disease. A long-term study. J Periodontol 1982: 53: 539-549.
58. McGuire MK, Nunn ME. Prognosis versus actual outcome. II. The effectiveness of clinical parameters in developing an accurate prognosis. J Periodontol 1996: 67: 658-665.
59. McGuire MK, Nunn ME. Prognosis versus actual outcome. III. The effectiveness of clinical parameters in accurately predicting tooth survival. J Periodontol 1996: 67: 666-674.
60. Messinger TF, Orban B. Elimination of periodontal pockets by root amputation. J Periodontol 1954: 25: 213-219.
61. Minabe M, Takeuchi K, Nishimura T, Umemoto TH. Therapeutic effects of combined treatment using tetracycline-immobilized collagen film and root planing in periodontal furcation pockets. J Clin Periodontol 1991: 18: 287-290.
62. Moriarty JD, Scheitler LE, Hutchens LH, Delong ER. Interexaminer reproducibility of probing pocket depths in molar furcation sites. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 68-72.
63. Moriarty JD, Hutchens LH, Scheitler LE. Histological evaluation of periodontal probe penetration in untreated facial molar furcations. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 21-26.
64. Mullally BH, Linden GJ. Molar furcation involvement associated with cigarette smoking in periodontal referrals. J Clin Periodontol 1996: 23: 658-661.
65. Müller H-P, Eger T, Lange DE. Management of furcation-involved teeth. A retrospective analysis. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 911-917.
66. Needleman IG, Watts TL. The effect of 1% metronidazole gel in routine maintenance of persistent furcation involvement in human beings. J Periodontol 1989: 60: 699-703.
67. Nordland P, Garrett S, Kiger R, Vanooteghem R, Hutchens LH, Egelberg J. The effect of plaque control and root debridement in molar teeth. J Clin Periodontol 1987: 14: 231-236.
68. Nylund K, Egelberg J. Antimicrobial irrigation of periodontal furcation lesions to supplement oral hygiene instruction and root debridement. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 90-95.
69. Oda S, Ishikawa I. In vitro effectiveness of a newly-designed ultrasonic scaler tip for furcation areas. J Periodontol 1989: 60: 634-639.
70. Papapanou PN. Epidemiology and natural history of periodontal disease. In: Lang NP, Karring T, ed. Proceedings of the 1st European Workshop in Periodontology. London: Quintessence Publishing Co., 1994: 23-41.
71. Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases: epidemiology. Ann Periodontol 1996: 1: 1-36.
72. Papapanou PN, Wennström JL, Gröndahl K. A 10-year retrospective study of periodontal disease progression. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 403-411.
73. Parashis AO, Anagnou-Vareltzides A, Demetriou N. Calculus removal from multirooted teeth with and without surgical access. I. Efficacy on external and furcation surfaces in relation to probing depth. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 63-68.
74. Parashis AO, Anagnou-Vareltzides A, Demetriou N. Calculus removal from multirooted teeth with and without surgical access. II. Comparison between external and furcation surfaces and effect of furcation entrance width. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 294-298.
75. Patterson M, Eick JD, Eberhart AB, Gross K, Killoy WJ. The effectiveness of two sonic and two ultrasonic scaler tips in furcations. J Periodontol 1989: 60: 325-329.
76. Payot P, Bickel M, Cimasoni G. Longitudinal quantitative radiodensitometric study of treated and untreated lower molar furcation involvements. J Clin Periodontol 1987: 14: 8-18.
77. Pepelassi EM, Bissada NF, Greenwell H, Farah CF. Doxycycline-tricalcium phosphate composite graph facilitates osseous healing in advanced periodontal furcation defects. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 106-115.
78. Ramfjord S. Periodontal disease index (PDI). J Periodontol 1967: 38: 602-610.
79. Ramfjord SP, Ash MM. Periodontology and periodontics. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1979.
80. Ramfjord SP, Caffesse RJ, Morrison EC, Hill RW, Kerry GJ, Appleberry EA, Nissle RR, Stults DL. 4 modalities of periodontal treatment compared over 5 years. J Clin Periodontol 1987: 14: 445-452.
81. Ravald N, Hamp S-E. Prediction of root surface caries in patients treated for advanced periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1981: 8: 400-405.
82. Ravald N, Hamp S-E, Birkhed D. Long-term evaluation of root surface caries in periodontally treated patients. J Clin Periodontol 1986: 13: 758-767.
83. Ross IF, Thompson R. A long term study of root retention in the treatment of maxillary molars with furcation involvement. J Periodontol 1978: 49: 238-244.
84. Ross IF, Thompson R. Furcation involvement in maxillary and mandibular molars. J Periodontol 1980: 51: 450-454.
85. Saari JT, Hurt WC, Biggs NL. Periodontal bony defects on the dry skull. J Periodontol 1968: 39: 278-283.
86. Schroer MS, Kirk WC, Wahl TM, Hutchens LH, Moriarty JD, Bergenholtz B. Closed versus open debridement of facial grade II molar furcations. J Clin Periodontol 1991: 18: 323-329.
87. Svärdström G, Wennström JL. Furcation topography of the maxillary and mandibular first molars. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 271-275.
88. Svärdström G, Wennström JL. Prevalence of furcation involvements in patients referred for periodontal treatment. J Clin Periodontol 1996: 23: 1093-1099.
89. Takacs BJ, Lie T, Perala DG, Adams DF. Efficacy of 5 machining instruments in scaling of molar furcations. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 228-236.
90. Tal H. Furcal defects in dry mandibles. I. A biometric study. J Periodontol 1982: 53: 360-363.
91. Tal H, Lemmer J. Furcal defects in dry mandibles. II. Severity of furcal defects. J Periodontol 1982: 53: 364-367.
92. Tal H. Relationship between the depths of furcal defects and alveolar bone loss. J Periodontol 1982: 53: 631-634.
93. Tarnow D, Fletcher P. Classification of the vertical component of furcation involvement. J Periodontol 1984: 55: 283-284.
94. Tonetti MS, Cortellini P, Carnevale G, Cattabriga M, De Sanctis M, Pini Prato GP. A controlled multicenter study of adjunctive use of tetracycline periodontal fibers in mandibular class II furcations with persistent bleeding. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 728-736.
95. Van Swol RL, Whitsell BD. Root amputation as a predictable procedure. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1977: 43: 452-459.
96. Volkansky A, Cleaton-Jones PE. Bony defects in dried Bantu mandibles. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1973: 45: 647-658.
97. Wachtel HC. Surgical periodontal therapy. In: Lang NP, Karring T, ed. Proceedings of the 1st European Workshop in Periodontology. London: Quintessence Publishing Co. 1994, 159-171.
98. Wang HL, Burgett FG, Shjr Y. The relationship between restoration and furcation involvement on molar teeth. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 302-305.
99. Wang HL, Burgett FG, Shjr Y, Ramfjord S. The influence of molar furcation involvement and mobility on future clinical periodontal attachment loss. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 25-29.
100. Wilson TG Jr, Glover ME, Malik AK, Schoen JA, Dorsett D. Tooth loss in maintenance patients in a private periodontal practice. J Periodontol 1987: 58: 231-235.
101. Wærhaugh J. The furcation problem. Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. J Clin Periodontol 1980: 7: 73-95.
102. Wood WR, Greco GW, Mc Fall WT. Tooth loss in patients with moderate periodontitis after treatment and long-term maintenance care. J Periodontol 1989: 60: 516-520.
103. Wylam JM, Mills MP, Moskowicz DG. Effectiveness of scaling on molar teeth - surgical vs. non-surgical approach. J Dent Res 1986: 65 (spec issue): 270 (abstr 911).
104. Wylam JM, Mealey BL, Mills MP, Waldrop TC, Moskowicz DG. The clinical effectiveness of open versus closed scaling and root planing on multi-rooted teeth. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 1023-1028.
105. Yukna CN, Yukna RA. Multi-center evaluation of bioabsorbable collagen membrane for guided tissue regeneration in human class II furcations. J Periodontol 1996: 67: 650-657.
106. Zappa U, Grosso L, Simona C, Graf H, Case D. Clinical furcation diagnoses and interradicular bone defects. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 219-227.