Panama's TCR action plan: Building alliances for a heritage-driven economy

Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 108-119

  Ayala, Hana ^a  

^a PANGEA TCR Leadership Alliances   (United States)

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EID: 0034134894     PISSN: 00108804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0010-8804(00)88890-4     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. 1 See: Hana Ayala, "Panama's Ecotourism-plus Initiative: The Challenge of Making History," Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 5 (October 1998), pp. 68-79; and Hana Ayala, "Resort Ecotourism: A Catalyst for National and Regional Partnerships," Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 4 (August 1997), pp. 34-45.
2. 1 See: Hana Ayala, "Panama's Ecotourism-plus Initiative: The Challenge of Making History," Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 5 (October 1998), pp. 68-79; and Hana Ayala, "Resort Ecotourism: A Catalyst for National and Regional Partnerships," Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 4 (August 1997), pp. 34-45.
3. 2 Part of a joint message issued by the heads of the World Tourism Organization and UNESCO on the occasion of the 1999 World Tourism Day, as quoted in "World Tourism Day to Focus on Preserving Cultural Heritage," WTO News, No. 3 (July-August-September 1999), p. 14. The theme that year was "Preserving World Heritage for the New Millennium."
4. 3 Juan Arias, "Aprueban Plan de Turismo en la Amazonia," El Panama America, Section D, October 5, 1999, p. 3.
5. 4 "Gobierno Quiere Ofrecer 'El Pais de las Maravillas' a Turistas," La Prensa, Section A, July 4, 1999, p. 36.
6. 5 See: Guillermo Rocha, "A Region in Transition," Hotels, Vol. 33, No. 10 (October 1999), p. 60; "Chinese Expo Highlights Ecotourism," WTO News, Issue 2 (April-May-June 1999), p. 14; and "Unlocking the Ecotourism Potential of the Middle East," WTO News, Issue 5 (September-October-November 1998), p. 3.
7. 5 See: Guillermo Rocha, "A Region in Transition," Hotels, Vol. 33, No. 10 (October 1999), p. 60; "Chinese Expo Highlights Ecotourism," WTO News, Issue 2 (April-May-June 1999), p. 14; and "Unlocking the Ecotourism Potential of the Middle East," WTO News, Issue 5 (September-October-November 1998), p. 3.
8. 5 See: Guillermo Rocha, "A Region in Transition," Hotels, Vol. 33, No. 10 (October 1999), p. 60; "Chinese Expo Highlights Ecotourism," WTO News, Issue 2 (April-May-June 1999), p. 14; and "Unlocking the Ecotourism Potential of the Middle East," WTO News, Issue 5 (September-October-November 1998), p. 3.
9. 6 "More on Machu Picchu," US/ICOMOS Newsletter, No. 3 (May-June 1999), p. 14.
10. 7 The leading initiatives seeking to improve the industry's environmental performance, cultural responsibility, and sustainable development include: IH&RA Annual Environmental Award; International Hotels Environment Initiative; Agenda 21 for Travel and Tourism, produced by the World Travel & Tourism Council, WTO, and the Earth Council; Green Globe; and IH&RA/UNESCO cooperative agreement to encourage hotels and hotel chains to sponsor conservation of UNESCO Cultural Heritage Sites worldwide.
11. 8 As the world's largest federation of scientific and engineering societies, the AAAS strives to advance knowledge while promoting human progress and human welfare. Science is the leading peer-reviewed journal in the areas of the advancement of science, science policy, science education, and international scientific cooperation. The conference, which was held at the Miramar Inter-Continental Panama, was sponsored by the Panamanian Tourism Institute, Office of the President of the Republic, Interoceanic Region Authority, Panama Canal Commission, Gamboa Rainforest Resort, Miramar Inter-Continental Panama, United Nations Development Program, La Prensa, and American Airlines.
12. 9 TCR Strategic Alliance: Tourism-Conservation-Research - Report from the Conference on "Heritage Tourism for the Next Millennium" and its Symposium on "The Challenge of Experience-management: Linking Quality with Sustainability," ed. Marina S. Ratchford (Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1999), pp. 21-24.
13. 10 Ibid. The report integrates contributions by tourism and hotel-industry leaders, leading scientists, conservationists, architects, and planners in determining research priorities, policy guidelines, and mechanisms of an economy driven by the TCR teamwork.
14. 11 See, for example: Griffin Miller, "Panama in Transition," Hotels, Vol. 33, No. 3 (March 1999), p. 44; Sara Hart, "Birdman of Panama," Architecture, Vol. 88, No. 4 (April 1999), pp. 136-140; Tiffany Ayers, "Panama Applies Science to Tourism and Conservation Efforts," Science, Vol. 284, No. 5419 (May 28, 1999), pp. 1546-1547; and Sasha Nemecek, "A Plan for Panama," Scientific American, Vol. 281, No. 6 (December 1999), p. 26.
15. 11 See, for example: Griffin Miller, "Panama in Transition," Hotels, Vol. 33, No. 3 (March 1999), p. 44; Sara Hart, "Birdman of Panama," Architecture, Vol. 88, No. 4 (April 1999), pp. 136-140; Tiffany Ayers, "Panama Applies Science to Tourism and Conservation Efforts," Science, Vol. 284, No. 5419 (May 28, 1999), pp. 1546-1547; and Sasha Nemecek, "A Plan for Panama," Scientific American, Vol. 281, No. 6 (December 1999), p. 26.
16. 11 See, for example: Griffin Miller, "Panama in Transition," Hotels, Vol. 33, No. 3 (March 1999), p. 44; Sara Hart, "Birdman of Panama," Architecture, Vol. 88, No. 4 (April 1999), pp. 136-140; Tiffany Ayers, "Panama Applies Science to Tourism and Conservation Efforts," Science, Vol. 284, No. 5419 (May 28, 1999), pp. 1546-1547; and Sasha Nemecek, "A Plan for Panama," Scientific American, Vol. 281, No. 6 (December 1999), p. 26.
17. 11 See, for example: Griffin Miller, "Panama in Transition," Hotels, Vol. 33, No. 3 (March 1999), p. 44; Sara Hart, "Birdman of Panama," Architecture, Vol. 88, No. 4 (April 1999), pp. 136-140; Tiffany Ayers, "Panama Applies Science to Tourism and Conservation Efforts," Science, Vol. 284, No. 5419 (May 28, 1999), pp. 1546-1547; and Sasha Nemecek, "A Plan for Panama," Scientific American, Vol. 281, No. 6 (December 1999), p. 26.
18. 12 For more information on the rationale of STRI's endorsement of TCR, see: Ira Rubinoff, "Science and Ecotourism on the Isthmus of Panama," Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 5 (October 1998), pp. 78-79; and Ira Rubinoff, "The Role of Scientific Knowledge," in TCR Strategic Alliance: Tourism-Conservation-Research, op. cit., pp. 27-30.
19. 12 For more information on the rationale of STRI's endorsement of TCR, see: Ira Rubinoff, "Science and Ecotourism on the Isthmus of Panama," Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 5 (October 1998), pp. 78-79; and Ira Rubinoff, "The Role of Scientific Knowledge," in TCR Strategic Alliance: Tourism-Conservation-Research, op. cit., pp. 27-30.
20. 13 Smithsonian Business Ventures was established in late 1998 to maintain and expand the Smithsonian's commercial-revenue streams (e.g., retail, media, licensing, product development) that enable it to support existing programs and to create new ones, furthering its mission as an educational and research organization.
21. 14 The heritage routes were formally presented by Richard Cooke and Omar Jaen Suarez in "The Heritage Identity of the Bridge of the World," in TCR Strategic Alliance: Tourism-Conservation-Research, pp. 37-45.
22. 15 Hana Ayala, "A Bridge to the Millennium: The Ideal and the Promise of a Heritage-driven Economy," in TCR Strategic Alliance: Tourism-Conservation-Research, pp. 13-20.
23. 16 The World Monuments Fund (WMF) is a New York-based private, nonprofit organization that sponsors an ongoing program for the conservation of cultural heritage worldwide. The World Monuments Watch aims to enhance the WMF's capacity to identify imperiled sites and helps to mobilize financial and technical support for their preservation.
24. 17 For example, see: David D'Arcy, "Panama 2000," Conde Nast Traveler, December 1999, pp. 106-115 & 161; Jeffrey Hogrefe, "Panama on its Own," Civilization (The Magazine of the Library of Congress), December 1999-January 2000, pp. 50-55 & 104; and Colin Crawford, "Stop the Locks Schlock," Salon <>, October 5, 1999.
25. 17 For example, see: David D'Arcy, "Panama 2000," Conde Nast Traveler, December 1999, pp. 106-115 & 161; Jeffrey Hogrefe, "Panama on its Own," Civilization (The Magazine of the Library of Congress), December 1999-January 2000, pp. 50-55 & 104; and Colin Crawford, "Stop the Locks Schlock," Salon <>, October 5, 1999.
26. 17 For example, see: David D'Arcy, "Panama 2000," Conde Nast Traveler, December 1999, pp. 106-115 & 161; Jeffrey Hogrefe, "Panama on its Own," Civilization (The Magazine of the Library of Congress), December 1999-January 2000, pp. 50-55 & 104; and Colin Crawford, "Stop the Locks Schlock," Salon >>www.salon.com<<, October 5, 1999.
27. 18 In one year of existence, Gehry's acclaimed Guggenheim Museum Bilbao brought in $219 million and generated $35 million in new tax revenue. According to the New York Times, the museum is a symbol of the region's economic and cultural revival; see: "Voting in Basque Region Helps Moderates, and Peace," New York Times, October 26, 1998; and "Busy in Bilbao," New York Times, November 13, 1998.
28. 18 In one year of existence, Gehry's acclaimed Guggenheim Museum Bilbao brought in $219 million and generated $35 million in new tax revenue. According to the New York Times, the museum is a symbol of the region's economic and cultural revival; see: "Voting in Basque Region Helps Moderates, and Peace," New York Times, October 26, 1998; and "Busy in Bilbao," New York Times, November 13, 1998.
29. 18 In one year of existence, Gehry's acclaimed Guggenheim Museum Bilbao brought in $219 million and generated $35 million in new tax revenue. According to the New York Times, the museum is a symbol of the region's economic and cultural revival; see: "Voting in Basque Region Helps Moderates, and Peace," New York Times, October 26, 1998; and "Busy in Bilbao," New York Times, November 13, 1998.
30. 19 Readers interested in Panayotou's views on sustainable development are referred to: Theodore Panayotou, Instruments of Change: Motivating and Financing Sustainable Development (London: Earthscan Publications Limited, 1998).
31. 20 The centerpiece of the plan thus far is tentatively called the Heritage Fund for Panama and is intended to function both as a public trust and as a development fund; it takes one step further the success stories of the "trust funds for future generations" of Kuwait, Norway, Alaska, and Alberta. A parallel project, based on an analysis of the so-called green funds that are emerging in international markets, calls for the establishment of a consortium called Investors for Sustainable Panama. The purpose of this institution is to mobilize private funds from both domestic and international sources to invest in a portfolio of projects that promise financial profitability, environmental soundness, and social benefits.
32. 21 Ayala, October 1998.