Normal labour: A concept analysis

Journal of Advanced Nursing

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 418-427

  Gould, Debby ^a,b  

^a ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

'Normal labour' birth; Birth positions; Concept analysis; Labour; Medicalization; Midwifery; Midwives; Movement; Normal; Obstetrics; Technology

Indexed keywords

FEMALE; HUMAN; LABOR; MIDWIFE; NOMENCLATURE; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REFERENCE VALUE; REVIEW; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; TIME;

FEMALE; HUMANS; LABOR, OBSTETRIC; MIDWIFERY; PREGNANCY; PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL; REFERENCE VALUES; TERMINOLOGY; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0034133389     PISSN: 03092402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01281.x     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Al-Azzawi F. (1990) A Colour Atlas of Childbirth and Obstetric Techniques. Wolf Publishing Ltd, London.
2. Arulkumaran S. (1996) Poor progress in labor including augmentation, malpositions and malpresentations. In: High Risk Pregnancy - Management Options 3rd edn (James D.K., Steer P.J., Weiner C.P., & Gonik B. eds). W.B. Saunders Company Ltd, London, pp. 1061-1075.
3. Beazley J.M. (1986) Natural labour and it's active management. Dewhurst Text Book of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Post Graduates 4th edn (Whitfield C.R. ed). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 338-356.
4. Bloom S.L., McIntire D.D., Kelly M.A., Beimer H.L., Burpo R.H., Garcia M.A. & Leveno K.J. (1998) Lack of effect of walking on Labour outcomes. New England Journal of Medicine 339(2), 76-79.
5. Brown L. (1997) Clinical guidelines for the management of women. Modern Midwife 7, 22-26.
6. Brown L., ed. (1993) The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles vol. 2 (N-Z). Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 1940.
7. Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) (1995) Women in Normal Labour. HMSO, London.
8. Department of Health (1997) The New NHS: Modern, Dependable. HMSO, London.
9. Department of Health (1993) The Report of the Expert Maternity Group. Changing Childbirth. (the Cumberlage Report) HMSO, London.
10. Department of Health (1992) The Report of the Second Select Committee Maternity Services (the Winterton Report). HMSO, London.
11. Donnison J. (1988) Midwives and Medical Men: A History of Inter Professional Rivalries and Women's Rights 2nd edn. Heinemann Historical Publications, London.
12. Duigan N.M., Studd J.W.W. & Hughes A.O. (1975) Characteristics of normal labour in different racial groups. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 82, 593-601.
13. Enkin M., Keirse M., Renfrew M. & Neilson J. (1995) A Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
14. Flint C. (1995) A determined woman. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest June 2, 182-183.
15. Friedman E.A. (1954) The graphic analysis of labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 68, 158-1575.
16. Gaskin I. (1990). Spiritual Midwifery 3rd edn. The Book Publisher Co. Summertown.
17. Gastaldo T.D. (1992) Squatting During Labour Birth December 19(4), 230.
18. Hendricks C.H., Brenner W.E. & Kraus G. (1970) Normal cervical dilation pattern in late pregnancy and labour. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 106, 1065.
19. Hibbard B.M. (1988) Principles of Obstetrics. Butterworth International Edition. Butterworth and Co. (Publishers Ltd). Ipswich.
20. Kirkpatrik E., M., Schartz S.M., Davidson G.W., Seaton M.A., Simpson J., Sherrad R. & J., eds (1903) Chambers 20th Century English Dictionary W.R. Chambers Ltd, Edinburgh.
21. Machover I. (1990) Labour Pains. Teachers Broadsheet. New Generation. March, 20-21.
22. McNamara H. & Johnson N. (1995) The effect of uterine contractions on fetal oxygen saturation. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 102, 644-647.
23. Midirs and the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (1996) Positions in Labour and Delivery. Midirs, Bristol.
24. Nolan M. (1996) Being Pregnant and Giving Birth. A National Childbirth Trust Guide. NCT Editions. HMSO in collaboration with National Childbirth Trust Ltd, London.
25. O'Driscoll K. & Meagher D. (1980) Active Management of Labour. W B Saunders, London.
26. Paley J. (1996) How not to clarify concepts in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 24, 572-578.
27. Percival R. (1970) Management of normal labour. Practitioner 1221, 204.
28. Philpott R.H. & Castle W.M. (1972) Cervicographs in the management of normal labour on primigravidae. The alert line for detecting abnormal labour. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 79, 592-598.
29. Ranta P., Jouppila P. & Jouppila R. (1996) The intensity of pain in Grand multiparas. Gynaecologica Scandinavica 75, 250-254.
30. Ramm R.A. (1981) Normal labour - with a summary of antenatal and post natal care. The Australian Nurses Journal, August 11, 35-37.
31. Robertson A. (1994) Empowering Women. Teaching Active Birth in the 1990s. Ace Graphics, Camperdown, Australia.
32. Royal College of Midwives (1998) RCM Annual Conference. Celebrating 50 Years of NHS Midwifery. Midwives 1, 182-185.
33. Shaw H. (1975) Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, St Louis, San Francisco, London.
34. Studd J. (1973) Partograms and normograms of cervical dilation in the management of normal. British Medical Journal ii, 545-547.
35. Silverton L. (1993). The Art and Science of Midwifery. Prentice Hall, London.
36. Sutton J. (1996) A midwife's observations of how the birth is influenced by the relationship of the maternal pelvis and the fetal head. Journal of the Association of chartered Physiotherapists in women's health 79, 31-33.
37. Sutton J. & Scott P. (1995) Understanding and Teaching Optimal Fetal Positioning. Birth Concepts, Tauranga, New Zealand.
38. Sweet B.R., ed. (1991) A Text Book for Midwives 11th edn. Balliere Tindall, London.
39. The Old Testament (1957) Genesis Chapter 3 verse 16. Authorised King James version. Collins Cleartype Press, London, pp. 6.
40. Thornton J.G. (1996) Active management of labour. Does not reduce the caesarean section rate. British Medical Journal 313(7054), 378.
41. United Kingdom Central Council (UKCC) for Nurses Midwives and Health Visitors (1998) Midwives Rules and Code of Practice. UKCC, London.
42. Urdang L., Flaxnor S.B., eds (1968) The Random House Dictionary of the English Language. College Edition. Random House, New York.
43. Walker L. & Avant K. (1988) Strategies for Theory Construction. Construction in Nursing. 2nd edn. Appleton and Lange, Conneticut.
44. Wagner M. (1994) Pursuing the Birth Machine: the Search for Appropriate Birth Technology. ACE Graphics, Camperdown, Australia.
45. Willoughby P. (1863) [Reprinted 1972]. Observations in Midwifery SR Publishers Ltd, London.
46. World Health Organisation (WHO) (1994) Preventing Prolonged Labour: a Practical Guide, the Partograph. Part 1. Principles and Strategy. Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme. WHO, Geneva.