Structure-related echoes in ultrasonographic images of equine superficial digital flexor tendons

American Journal of Veterinary Research

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 202-209

  Van Schie, Hans T M ^a   Bakker, Erwin M ^a  

^a Raaphorst Equine Clinic   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EQUIDAE; EQUUS CABALLUS;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; ARTIFACT; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HORSE; IMAGE PROCESSING; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REFERENCE VALUE; TENDON;

ANIMALS; ARTIFACTS; FEMALE; HORSES; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MALE; REFERENCE VALUES; TENDONS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY;

EID: 0034132590     PISSN: 00029645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.202     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Rantanen NW. The use of diagnostic ultrasound in limb disorders of the horse: a preliminary report. J Equine Vet Sci 1982;2:62-64.
2. Rantanen NW, Genovese RL, Gaines R. The use of diagnostic ultrasound to detect structural damage to the soft tissues of the extremities of horses. J Equine Vet Sci 1983;3:134-135.
3. Spaulding K. Ultrasonic anatomy of the tendons and ligaments in the distal metacarpal-metatarsal region of the equine limb. Vet Radiol 1984;25:155-166.
4. Genovese RL, Rantanen NW, Hauser ML, et al. Clinical application of diagnostic ultrasound to the equine limb, in Proceedings. Ann Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract 1985;31:701-722.
5. Rantanen NW, Hauser ML, Genovese RL. Superficial digital flexor tendinitis: diagnosis using real-time ultrasound imaging. J Equine Vet Sci 1985;5:115-119.
6. Genovese RL, Rantanen NW, Hauser ML, et al. Diagnostic ultrasonography of equine limbs. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1986;2:145-226.
7. Reef VB, Martin BB, Elser A. Types of tendon and ligament injuries detected with diagnostic ultrasound: description and followup, in Proceedings. Annu Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract 1988;34: 245-248.
8. van Schie JTM. Diagnostische Sonographie an der Gliedmaße des Pferdes. Tierarztl! Prax 1989;4:47-55.
9. Dik KJ. Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of equine lameness. In: Grunsell CSG, Raw ME, eds. The veterinary annual. London: Butterworth and Co, 1990;13:163-171.
10. Genovese RL, Rantanen NW, Simpson BS, et al. Clinical experience with quantitative analysis of superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1990;6:129-146.
11. Gaughan EM, Nixon AJ, Krook LP, et al. Effects of sodium hyaluronate on tendon healing and adhesion formation in horses. Am J Vet Res 1991;52:764-773.
12. Genovese RL. Sonographic response to intralesional therapy with beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate for clinical tendon injuries in horses, in Proceedings. Ann Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract 1992;38: 265-272.
13. Gift LJ, Gaughan EM, DeBowes RM, et al. The influence of intratendinous sodium hyaluronate on tendon healing in horses. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1992;5:151-157.
14. Henninger RW, Bramlage LR, Bailey M, et al. Effects of tendon splitting on experimentally-induced acute equine tendinitis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1992;5:1-9.
15. Smith RKW. A case of superficial digital flexor tendinitis: ultrasonographic examination and treatment with intralesional polysulphated glycosaminoglycans. Equine Vet Educ 1992;4:280-285.
16. Marr CM, Love S, Boyd JS, et al. Factors affecting the clinical outcome of injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon in national hunt and point-to-point racehorses. Vet Rec 1993;132: 476-479.
17. Gaughan EM, Gift LJ, DeBowes RM, et al. The influence of sequential intratendinous sodium hyaluronate on tendon healing in horses. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1995;8:40-45.
18. Genovese RL, Reef VB, Longo KL, et al. Superficial digital flexor tendonitts: Long term sonographic and clinical study of race-horses, in Proceedings. Dubai Int Equine Symp 1996;1:187-205
19. Reef VB, Genovese RL, Wade-Byrd J, et al. Treatment of superficial digital flexor tendon injuries with beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN-F): Sonographic evaluation of early tendon healing and remodeling, in Proceedings. Dubai Int Equine Symp 1996;1:423-430.
20. Henry GA, Patton CS, Goble DO. Ultrasonographic evaluation of iatrogenic injuries of the equine accessory (carpal check) ligament and superficial digital flexor tendon. Vet Radiol 1986;27:132-140.
21. Spurlock GH, Spurlock SL, Parker GA. Evaluation of Hylartin V therapy for induced tendonilis in the horse. J Equine Vet Sci 1989;9:242-246.
22. Spurlock GH, Spurlock SL, Parker GA. Ultrasonographic, gross and histologic evaluation of a tendinitis disease model in the horse. Vet Radiol 1989;30:184-188.
23. Denoix JM, Mialot M, Levy I, et al. Etude anatomopathologique des lésions associées aux images echographiques anormales des tendons et ligaments chez le cheval. Rec Med Vet 1990;166: 45-55.
24. Crass JR, Genovese RL, Render JA, et al. Magnetic resonance, ultrasound and histopathologic correlation of acute and healing equine tendon injuries. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992;33:206-216.
25. Marr CM, McMillan I, Boyd JS, et al. Ultrasonographic and histopalhological findings in equine superficial digital flexor tendon injury. Equine Vet J 1993;25:23-29.
26. van den Belt AJM, Dik KJ, Barneveld A. Ultrasonographic evaluation and long term follow-up of flexor tendonitis/desmitis in the metacarpal/metatarsal region in Dutch Warmblood horses and Standardbred. Vet Q 1994;16:76-80.
27. Nicoll RG, Wood AKW, Rothwell LTW Ultrasonographical and pathological studies of equine superficial digital flexor tendons; initial observations, including tissue characterization by analysis of image gray scale, in a Thoroughbred gelding. Equine Vet J 1992;24:318-320.
28. Tsukiyama K, Acorda JA, Yamada H. Evaluation of superficial digital flexor tendinitis in racing horses through grey scale histogram analysis of tendon ultrasonograms. Vet Radial Ultrasound 1996;37:46-50.
29. van Schie JTM, Bakker EM, Jonker AM, et al. Ultrasonographic tissue characterization of equine SDF tendons by use of gray level statistics. Am J Vet Res 2000;61:210-219.
30. van Schie JTM, Bakker EM, van Weeren PR. Ultrasonographic evaluation of equine tendons: a quantitative in vitro study of the effects of amplifier gain level, transducer-tilt and transducer-displacement. Vel Radial Ultrasound 1999;40:151-160.
31. Kastelic J, Galeski A, Baer E. The multicomposite structure of tendon. Connect Tissue Res 1978;6:11-23.
32. Wilmink JW, Wilson AM, Goodship AE. Functional significance of the morphology and micro-mechanics of collagen fibres in relation to partial rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendon in racehorses. ResVet Sci 1992;53:354-359.
33. Crevier-Denoix N, Collobert C, Bernard N, et al. Microanatomy of tendons and ligaments, in Proceedings. Dubai Int Equine Symp 1996;1:1-13.
34. Powis RL. Ultrasound science for the veterinarian. In: Rantanen NW, McKinnon AO, eds. Equine diagnostic ultrasonography. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co, 1998;1-18.
35. Powis RL, Powis WJ. A thinker's guide to ultrasonic imaging. Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1984.
36. Kremkau FW, Taylor KJ. Artifacts in ultrasound imaging. J Ultrasound Med 1986;5:227-237.
37. Kremkau FW. Diagnostic ultrasound, principles, instruments, and exercises. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1989;1-364.
38. Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, Wisner ER. Physical principles, instrumentation, and safety of diagnostic ultrasound. In: Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, eds. Veterinary diagnostic ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1995;3-18.
39. Bamber JC, Tristam M. Diagnostic ultrasound. In: Webb S, ed. The physics of medical imaging. Philadelphia: Adam Hilger Medical Science Series, 1988;319-388.
40. van Schie JTM, Bakker EM. The weird world of speckle and scatter, in Proceedings. Sci Meet Eur Coll Vet Surg Utrecht 1996;5: 70-71.
41. Kirberger RM. Imaging artifacts in diagnostic ultrasound-a review. Vet Radial Ultrasound 1995;36:297-306.
42. Penninck DG. Imaging artifacts in ultrasound. In: Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, eds. Veterinary diagnostic ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1995;19-29.
43. McIlwraith CW. Diseases of joints, tendons, ligaments and related structures. In: Stashak TS, ed. Adams lameness in horses. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1987;447-450.
44. Watkins JP. Tendon and ligament biology. In: Auer JA, ed. Equine surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1992;910-915.
45. Gillis CL, Meagher DM, Pool RR, et al. Ultrasonographically detected changes in equine superficial digital flexor tendons during the first months of race training. Am J Vet Res 1993;54:1797-1802.
46. Smith RKW,Jones R, Webbon PM. The cross-sectional areas of normal equine digital flexor tendons determined ultrasonographically. Equine Vet J 1994;26:460-465.
47. Cuesta I, Riber C, Pinedo M, et al. Ultrasonographic measurement of palmar metacarpal tendon and ligament structures in the horse. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1995;36:131-136.
48. van den Belt AJM. Ultrasonography of equine flexor tendons and ligaments. PhD Thesis, Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, University of Utrecht, 1995.
49. Martinoli CM, Derchi LE, Pastorino C, et al. Analysis of echotexture of tendons with US. Radiology 1993;186:839-843.
50. Wood AKW, Sehgal CM, Reef VB. Three-dimensional sonographic imaging of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon. Am J Vet Res 1994;55:1505-1508.
51. Chvapil M. Present status of the pharmacology of fibrosis and scar contractures, in Proceedings. Dubai Int Equine Symp 1996;1:395-406.
52. Torp S, Baer E, Friedman B. Effects of age and of mechanical deformation on the ultrastructure of tendon. Colston Papers 1975;26:223-250.
53. Goodship AE, Birch HL. The pathophysiology of the flexor tendons in the equine athlete, in Proceedings. Dubai Int Equine Symp 1996;1:83-107.
54. Pool RR. Pathologic changes in tendinitis of athletic horses, in Proceedings. Dubai Int Equine Symp 1996;1:109-117.