Comparison of dynamic models to predict the concentration of a photochemical tracer in the upper ocean as a function of depth and time

Marine and Freshwater Research

Volumn 51, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 289-304

  Kettle, A J ^a  

^a NONE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Boundary layer model; Carbon monoxide

Indexed keywords

CARBON MONOXIDE; DYNAMIC ANALYSIS; MODELING; TRACER; UPPER OCEAN;

EID: 0034129226     PISSN: 13231650     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/MF99146     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Baker, K. S., and Smith, R. C. (1982). Bio-optical classification and model of natural waters. 2. Limnology and Oceanography 27, 500-9.
2. Bates, T. S., Kelly, K. C., Johnson, J. E., and Gammon, R. H. (1995). Regional and seasonal variations in the flux of oceanic carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 23093-101.
3. Boivin, L. P., Davidson, W. F., Storey, R. S., Sinclair, D., and Earle, D. (1986). Determination of the attenuation coefficients of visible and ultraviolet radiation in heavy water. Applied Optics 25, 877-82.
4. Conrad, R., and Seiler, W. (1980). Photooxidative production and microbial consumption of carbon monoxide in seawater. Federation of European Microbiological Societies Microbiology Letters 9, 61-4.
5. Conrad, R., Seiler, W., Bunse, G., and Giehl, H. (1982). Carbon monoxide in seawater (Atlantic Ocean). Journal of Geophysical Research 87, 8839-52.
6. Doney, S. C., Najjar, R. G., and Stewart, S. (1995). Photochemistry, mixing and diurnal cycles in the upper ocean. Journal of Marine Research 53, 341-69.
7. Frye, D., Merriam, S., Eastwood, B., Kemp, J., McPhee, N., Libertore, S., Hobart, E., Bocconcelli, A., and Tarbell, S. (1996). Atlantic Long-Term Oceanographic Mooring (ALTOMOOR). Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report WHOI-96-02.
8. Fung, I. Y., Harrison, D. E., and Lacis, A. (1984). On the variability of the net longwave radiation at the sea surface. Review of Geophysics and Space Physics 22, 177-93.
9. Gordon, H. (1994). Modeling and simulating radiative transfer in the ocean, In 'Ocean Optics'. (Eds R. W. Spinrad, K. L. Carder and M. J. Perry.) pp. 3-39 (Oxford University Press: New York.)
10. Green, A. E. S., Cross, K. R., and Smith, L. A. (1980). Improved analytic characterization of ultraviolet light. Photochemistry and Photobiology 31, 59-65.
11. Johnson, J. E., and Bates, T. S. (1996). Sources and sinks of carbon monoxide in the mixed layer of the tropical South Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 10, 347-59.
12. Jones, R. D. (1991). Carbon monoxide and methane distribution and consumption in the photic zone of the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research 38, 625-35.
13. Jones, R. D., and Amador, J. A. (1993). Methane and carbon monoxide production, oxidation, and turnover times in the Caribbean Sea as influenced by the Orinoco River. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 2353-9.
14. Kantha, L. H., and Clayson, C. A. (1994). An improved mixed layer model for geophysical applications. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 25235-66.
15. Kettle, A. J. (1994). A model of the temporal and spatial distribution of carbon monoxide in the mixed layer. PhD Thesis, MIT-WHOI Joint Program, 146 pp. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)
16. Kettle, A. J. (1999). Using ECMWF reanalysis data to deduce the source and sink strength of a chemical species in the upper ocean. In 'Second International Conference on Reanalysis, World Climate Research Program, Reading, United Kingdom'. WMO-TD-No.985, 141-4. (WMO: Geneva.)
17. Kirk, J. T. O. (1994). 'Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Systems.' (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
18. Kondratyev, K. Y. (1969). 'Radiation in the Atmosphere.' (Academic Press: New York.)
19. Large, W. G., and Pond, S. (1982). Sensible and latent heat flux measurements over the ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography 12, 464-82.
20. Large, W. G., McWilliams, J. C., and Doney, S. C. (1994). Ocean vertical mixing: a review and a model with nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Reviews of Geophysics 32, 363-403.
21. Levitus, S., Burgett, R., and Boyer, T. P. (1994). 'NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3, World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 3: Salinity'. (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce: Washington, DC.)
22. Liss, P. S., and Merlivat, L. (1986). Air-sea gas exchange rates: introduction and synthesis. In 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling'. pp. 113-27. (Reidel: Berlin.)
23. Mellor, G. L., and Yamada, T. (1982). Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics 20, 851-75.
24. Mobley, C. D. (1994). 'Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters.' (Academic Press: San Diego.)
25. Najjar, R. G., Erickson, D. J. III, and Madronich, S. (1995). Modeling the air-sea fluxes of gases formed from the decomposition of dissolved organic matter: carbonyl sulfide and carbon monoxide. In 'Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the Earth's Carbon Cycle'. pp. 107-32. (John Wiley: New York.)
26. McNeil, C. L., and Farmer, D. M. (1995). Observations of the influence of diurnal convection on upper ocean dissolved gas concentrations. Journal of Marine Research 53, 151-69.
27. Palmer, K. F., and Williams, D. (1974). Optical properties of water in the near infrared. Journal of the Optical Society of America 64, 1107-10.
28. Plane, J. M. C., Zika, R., Zepp, R. G., and Burns, L. A. (1987). Photochemical modeling applied to natural waters. In 'ACS Symposium Series 327; Photochemistry of Environmental Aquatic Systems'. (Eds R. G. Zilca and W. J. Cooper.) pp. 250-67. (American Chemical Society: Washington, DC.)
29. Pope, R. M., and Fry, E. S. (1997). Absorption spectrum 380-700 nm of pure water. II. Integrating cavity measurements. Applied Optics 36, 8710-23.
30. Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., and Flannery, B. P. (1992). 'Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN; the Art of Scientific Computing.' (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
31. Price, J. F., Weller, R. A., and Pinkel, R. (1986). Diurnal cycling: observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling, and wind mixing. Journal of Geophysical Research 91, 8411-27.
32. Prieur, L., and Sathyendranath, S. (1981). An optical classification of coastal and oceanic waters based on the specific spectral absorption curves of phytoplankton pigments, dissolved organic matter, and other particulate materials. Limnology and Oceanography 26, 671-89.
33. Redden, G. D. (1982). Characteristics of photochemical production of carbon monoxide in seawater. PhD Thesis, Oregon State University.
34. Siegel, D. A., Michaels, A. F., Sorensen, J. C., O'Brien, M. C., and Hammer, M. A. (1995). Seasonal variability of light availability and utilization in the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 8695-713.
35. 2: optical and chemical modeling of production. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 2315-28.
36. Sogandares, F. M., and Fry, E. S. (1997). Absorption spectrum (340-640 nm) of pure water, I. Photothermal measurements. Applied Optics 36, 8699-709.
37. Tran, A. V., Smith, E., Hyon, J., Evans, R., Brown, O., and Feldman, G. (1993). Satellite-Derived Multichannel Sea Surface Temperature and Phytoplankton Pigment Concentration Data: a CD-ROM set containing monthly mean distributions for the global oceans. Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL D-10351. (http://podaac-www.jpl.nasa.gov/order/order_czcs.html)
38. Valentine, R. L., and Zepp, R. G. (1993). Formation of carbon monoxide from the photodegradation of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in natural waters. Environmental Science and Technology 27, 409-12.
39. Wilson, D. F., Swinnerton, J. W., and Lamontagne, R. A. (1970). Production of carbon monoxide and gaseous hydrocarbons in seawater: relation to dissolved organic carbon. Science 168, 1576-7.