Elevation of mRNA levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in hippocampus and cerebral cortex following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

Neurological Research

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 413-419

  Ito, Takeshi ^a   Takenaka, Katsunobu ^a   Sakai, Hideki ^a   Yoshimura, Shin Ichi ^a   Hayashi, Katsuhiko ^a   Noda, Shinji ^a   Sakai, Noboru ^a  

^a GIFU UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Diaschisis; Gene expression; Hypoxia; Ischemia; PC12 cell

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; UROKINASE;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; CONTROLLED STUDY; HIPPOCAMPUS; MALE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; RAT; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA ANALYSIS;

EID: 0034126785     PISSN: 01616412     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2000.11740693     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Collen D. On the regulation and control of fibrinolysis. Thromb Haemost 1980; 43: 77-89
2. Mori E, Tabuchi M, Yoshida T, Yamadori A. Intracarotid urokinase with thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Stroke 1988; 19: 802-812
3. Anonymous. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1581-1587
4. Wang YF, Tsirka SE, Strickland S, Stieg PE, Soriano SG, Lipton SA. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) increases neuronal damage after focal cerebral ischemia in wild-type and tPA-deficient mice. Nat Med 1998; 4: 228-231
5. Tsirka SE, Gualandris A, Amaral DG, Strickland S. Excitotoxin-induced neuronal degeneration and seizure are mediated by tissue plasminogen activator. Nature 1995; 377: 340-344
6. Gualandris A, Jones TE, Strickland S, Tsirka SE. Membrane depolarization induces calcium-dependent secretion of tissue plasminogen activator. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 2220-2225
7. Masos T, Miskin R. mRNAs encoding urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are elevated in the mouse brain following kainate-mediated excitation. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1997; 47: 157-169
8. Rosenberg GA, Navratil M, Barone F, Feuerstein G. Proteolytic cascade enzymes increase in focal cerebral ischemia in rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1996; 16: 360-366
9. Lee KS, Frank S, Vanderklish P, Arai A, Lynch G. Inhibition of proteolysis protects hippocampal neurons from ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 7233-7237
10. Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S, Cummins R. Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke 1989; 20: 84-91
11. Greene LA, Tischler AS. Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1976; 73: 2424-2428
12. Yoshimura S, Banno Y, Nakashima S, Takenaka K, Sakai H, Nishimura Y, Sakai N, Shimizu S, Eguchi Y, Tsujimoto Y, Nozawa Y. Ceramide formation leads to caspase-3 activation during hypoxic PC12 cell death. Inhibitory effects of Bcl-2 on ceramide formation and caspase-3 activation. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 6921-6927
13. Chomczynski P, Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem 1987; 162: 156-159
14. Pfister KK, Salata MW, Dillman JF 3rd, Vaughan KT, Vallee RB, Torre El, Lye RJ. Differential expression and phosphorylation of the 74-kDa intermediate chains of cytoplasmic dynein in cultured neurons and glia. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 1687-1694
15. Koos RD, Seidel RH. Detection of acidic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the rat ovary using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 165: 82-88
16. Sakai H, Nakashima S, Yoshimura S, Nishimura Y, Sakai N, Nozawa Y. Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding a serine protease homologous to complement C1s precursor from rat C6 glial cells and its expression during glial differentiation. Gene 1998; 209: 87-94
17. Takenaka K, Suzuki S, Sakai N, Kassell NF, Yamada H. Transferrin induces nitric oxide synthase mRNA in rat cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 213: 608-615
18. Griggs CT, Berde CB. High sensitivity quantification of RNA from gels and autoradiograms with affordable optical scanning. Biotechniques 1992; 12: 908-911
19. Ware JH, Dibenedetto AJ, Pittman RN. Localization of tissue plasminogen activator mRNA in adult rat brain. Brain Res Bull 1995; 37: 275-281
20. Verrall S, Seeds NW. Tissue plasminogen activator binding to mouse cerebellar granule neurons. J Neurosci Res 1988; 21: 420-425
21. Krystosek A, Seeds NW. Plasminogen activator release at the neuronal growth cone. Science 1981; 213: 1532-1534
22. Salles FJ, Schechter N, Strickland S. A plasminogen activator is induced during goldfish optic nerve regeneration. EMBO J 1990; 9: 2471-2477
23. Krystosek A, Seeds NW. Plasminogen activator secretion by granule neurons in cultures of developing cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78: 7810-7814
24. Moonen G, Grau-Wagemans MP, Selak I. Plasminogen activator-plasmin system and neuronal migration. Nature 1982; 298: 753-755
25. Carroll PM, Tsirka SE, Richards WG, Frohman MA, Strickland S. The mouse tissue plasminogen activator gene 5′ flanking region directs appropriate expression in development and a seizure-enhanced response in the CNS. Development 1994; 120: 3173-3183
26. Qian Z, Gilbert ME, Colicos MA, Kandel ER, Kuhl D. Tissue-plasminogen activator is induced as an immediate-early gene during seizure, kindling and long-term potentiation. Nature 1993; 361: 453-457
27. Meiri N, Masos T, Rosenblum K, Miskin R, Dudai Y. Over-expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in transgenic mice is correlated with impaired learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 3196-3200
28. Sappino AP, Madani R, Huarte J, Belin D, Kiss JZ, Wohlwent A, Vassalli JD. Extracellular proteolysis in the adult murine brain. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 679-685
29. van den Eijnden-Schrauwen Y, Atsma DE, Lupu F, de Vries RE, Kooistra T, Emeis JJ. Involvement of calcium and G proteins in the acute release of tissue-type plasminogen activator and von Willebrand factor from cultured human endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1997; 17: 2177-2187
30. Vaughan PJ, Pike CJ, Cotman CW, Cunningham DD. Thrombin receptor activation protects neurons and astrocytes from cell death produced by environmental insults. J Neurosci 1995; 15: 5389-5401
31. Honkaniemi J, States BA, Weinstein PR, Espinoza J, Sharp FR. Expression of zinc finger immediate early genes in rats brain after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997; 17: 636-646
32. Konda T, Reaume AC, Huang TT, Calson E, Murakami K, Chen SF, Hoffman EK, Scott RW, Epstein CJ, Chan PK. Reduction of CuZn-Superoxide dismutase activity exacerbates neuronal cell injury and edema formation after transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci 1997; 17: 4180-4189
33. Li Y, Chopp M, Garcia JH, Yoshida Y, Zhang ZG, Levine SR. Distribution of the 72-kd heat-shock protein as a function of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 1992; 23: 1292-1298
34. Abe K, Hayashi T. expression of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene in rat brain after transient MCA occlusion. Brain Res 1997; 776: 230-234
35. Arai S, Kinouchi H, Akabane A, Owada Y, Kamii H, Kawase M, Yoshimoto T. Induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the receptor trk B mRNA following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Neurosci Lett 1996; 211: 57-60
36. States BA, Honkaniemi J, Weinstein PR, Sharp FR. DNA fragmentation and HSP70 protein induction in hippocampus and cortex occurs in separate neurons following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1996; 16: 1165-1175
37. Coyle P. Arterial patterns of the rat rhinencephalon and related structures, Exp Neurol 1975; 49: 691-715
38. Ozdemir TG, Bolay H, Erdem E, Dalkara T. Occlusion of the MCA by an intraluminal filament may cause disturbances in the hippocampal blood flow due to anomalies of circles of Willis and filament thickness. Brain Res 1999; 822: 260-264
39. Okada M, Nakanishi H, Tamura A, Urae A, Mine K, Yamamoto K, Fujiwara M. Long-term spatial cognitive impairment after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats: No involvement of the hippocampus. S Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1995; 15: 1012-1021
40. Shiraishi K, Sharp FR, Simon RP. Sequential metabolic changes in rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion: A 2-deoxy-glucose study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989; 9: 765-773
41. Kinouchi H, Sharp FR, Chan PH, Koistinaho J, Sagar SM, Yoshimoto T. Induction of c-fos, junB, c-jun, and hsp70 mRNA in cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, and hippocampus following middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 14: 808-817
42. Nedergaard M, Hansen AJ. Characterization of cortical depolarizations evoked in focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13: 568-574
43. Yamashita K, Vogel P, Fritze K, Back T, Hossmann KS, Wiessner C. Monitoring the temporal and spatial activation pattern of astrocytes in focal cerebral ischemia using in situ hybridization to GFAP mRNA: Comparison with sgp-2 and hsp70 mRNA and the effect of glutamate receptor antagonists. Brain Res 1996; 735: 285-297
44. Feeney DM, Baron JC. Diaschisis. Stroke 1986; 17: 817-830
45. Reinecke S, Lutzenburg M, Hagemann G, Bruehl C, Neumann-Haefelin T, Witte OW. Electrophysiological transcortical diaschisis after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Neurosci Lett 1999; 261: 85-88
46. Witte OW, Stoll G. Delayed and remote effects of focal cortical infarctions: Secondary damage and reactive plasticity. Adv Neurol 1997; 73: 207-227
47. Clark MB, Zeheb R, White TK, Bunge RP. Schwann cell plasminogen activator is regulated by neurons. GLIA 1991; 4: 514-528
48. Kalderon N, Ahonen K, Fedoroff S. Developmental transition in plasticity properties of differentiating astrocytes: Age-related biochemical profile of plasminogen activators in astroglial cultures. GLIA 1990; 3: 413-426
49. Kristensen P, Eriksen J, Dano K. Localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator messenger RNA in the normal mouse by in situ hybridization. J Histochem Cytochem 1991; 39: 341-349
50. Rogove AD, Tsirka SE. Neurotoxic responses by microglia elicited by excitotoxic injury in the mouse hippocampus. Curr Biol 1998; 8: 19-25
51. Nakajima K, Tsuzaki N, Shimojo M, Hamanoue M, Kohsaka S. Microglia isolated from rat brain secrete a urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Brain Res 1992; 577: 285-292
52. Leprince P, Rogister B, Delree P, Rigo JM, Andre B, Moonen G. Modulation of proteolytic activity during neuritogenesis in the PC12 nerve cell: Differential control of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor activities by nerve growth factor and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP. J Neurochem 1991; 57: 665-674
53. Tsirka SE, Rogove AD, Bugge TH, Degen JL, Strickland S. An extracellular proteolytic cascade promotes neuronal degeneration in the mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci 1997; 17: 543-552