Mirtazapine: A pharmacoeconomic review of its use in depression

PharmacoEconomics

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 515-534

  Holm, Kristin J ^a   Jarvis, Blair ^a   Foster, Rachel H ^a  

^a ADIS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; CITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; MIRTAZAPINE; PAROXETINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; VENLAFAXINE;

DEPRESSION; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0034126780     PISSN: 11707690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00019053-200017050-00008     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. 1. Stewart A. Choosing an antidepressant: effectiveness based pharmacoeconomics. J Affect Disord 1998; 48: 125-33
2. 2. Harrison G. Controversies in management: new or old antidepressants? New is better. BMJ 1994; 309: 1280-1
3. 3. Owens D. Benefits of new drugs are exaggerated. BMJ 1994; 309: 1281-2
4. 4. Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Prescott CA. Clinical characteristics of major depression that predict risk of depression in relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56: 322-7
5. 5. Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Prescott CA. Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 1999 Jun; 156 (6): 837-41
6. 6. Angst J. Comorbidity of mood disorders: a longitudinal prospective study. Br J Psychiatry 1996 Jun; 168 Suppl. 30: 31-7
7. 7. Sartorius N, Üstün TB, Lecrubier Y, et al. Depression comorbid with anxiety: results from the WHO Study on Psychological Disorders in Primary Health Care. Br J Psychiatry 1996 Jun; 168 Suppl. 30: 38-43
8. 8. Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. JAMA 1996 Jul 24-31; 276: 293-9
9. 9. Davidson JRT, Meltzer-Brody SE. The underrecognition and undertreatment of depression: what is the breadth and depth of the problem? J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 7: 4-9
10. 10. Ballenger JC, Davidson JRT, Lecrubier Y, et al. Consensus statement on the primary care management of depression from the international consensus group on depression and anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 7: 54-61
11. 11. Hirschfeld RMA, Keller MB, Panico S, et al. The National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association consensus statement on the undertreatment of depression. JAMA 1997 Jan 22-29; 277: 333-40
12. 12. Lépine J-P, Gastpar M, Mendlewicz J. Depression in the community: the first pan-European study DEPRES (Depression Research in European Society). Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1997 Jan; 12: 19-29
13. 13. Hall RCW, Wise MG. The clinical and financial burden of mood disorders: cost and outcome. Psychosomatics 1995 Mar-Apr; 36: S11-8
14. 14. McCombs JS, Nichol MB, Stimmel GL, et al. The cost of antidepressant drug therapy failure: a study of antidepressant use patterns in a Medicaid population. J Clin Psychiatry 1990 Jun; 51 (6) Suppl: 60-9
15. 15. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994 Jan; 51: 8-19
16. 16. Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, et al. Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder in the general population: results from the US National Comorbidity Survey. Br J Psychiatry 1996 Jun; 168 Suppl. 30: 17-30
17. 17. Kessler RC, Zhao S, Blazer DG, et al. Prevalence, correlates, and course of minor depression and major depression in the national comorbidity survey. J Affect Disord 1997 Aug; 45: 19-30
18. 18. Angst J. The epidemiology of depressive disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1995; 5 Suppl.: 95-8
19. 19. Ohayon MM, Priest RG, Guilleminault C, et al. The prevalence of depressive disorders in the United Kingdom. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45: 300-7
20. 20. Wells KB, Stewart A, Hays RD, et al. The functioning and well-being of depressed patients: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA 1989 Aug 18; 262: 914-9
21. 21. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Linzer M, et al. Health-related quality of life in primary care patients with mental disorders: results from the PRIME-MD 1000 Study. JAMA 1995; 274 (19): 1511-7
22. 22. Angst J, Angst F, Stassen HH. Suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 2: 57-62
23. 23. Jamison KR, Baldessarini RJ. Effects of medical interventions on suicidal behavior. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 2: 4-6
24. 24. Penninx BWJH, Geerlings SW, Deeg DJH, et al. Minor and major depression and the risk of death in older persons. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999 Oct; 56: 889-95
25. 25. Zheng D, Macera CA, Croft JB, et al. Major depression and all-cause mortality among white adults in the United States. Ann Epidemiol 1997 Apr; 7: 213-8
26. 26. National Institute of Mental Health. The impact of mental illness on society [on line]. National Institute of Mental Health. Available from: URL: http://www.nih.gov/publicat/burden.cfm [Accessed 2000 Mar 21]
27. 27. Burden of Disease Unit Center for Population and Development Studies at the Harvard School of Public Health. The Global Burden of Disease and Injury Health Series. I. The GBD's approach to measuring health status. Available from: URL:http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/organizations/bdu/gbdsum/gbdsum1. pdf [Accessed 2000 Mar 21]
28. 28. Arnesen T, Nord E. The value of DALY life: problems with ethics and validity of disability adjusted life years. BMJ 1999; 319: 1423-5
29. 29. Cohen LJ. Pharmacoeconomic issues in the treatment of depression. Formulary 1995 Sep; 30 Suppl. 1: S20-5
30. 30. Hughes D, Morris S, McGuire A. The cost of depression in the elderly: effects of drug therapy. Drugs Aging 1997 Jan; 10: 59-68
31. 31. Henry JA, Rivas CA. Constraints on antidepressant prescribing and principles of cost-effective antidepressant use. Part 1: depression and its treatment. Pharmacoeconomics 1997 May; 11: 419-43
32. 32. McGuire A, Hughes D. The economic evaluation of depression. Postgrad Med J 1994; 70 Suppl. 2: S14-22
33. 33. Greenberg PE, Stiglin LE, Finkelstein SN. Depression: a neglected major illness. J Clin Psychiatry 1993 Nov; 54: 419-24
34. 34. Stoudemire A, Frank R, Hedemark N, et al. The economic burden of depression. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1986; 8: 387-94
35. 35. Greenberg PE, Stiglin LE, Finkelstein SN. The economic burden of depression in 1990. J Clin Psychiatry 1993 Nov; 54: 405-18
36. 36. Rice DP, Miller LS. The economic burden of affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1995; 166 Suppl. 27: 34-42
37. 37. Kind P, Sorensen J. The costs of depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1993 Jan; 7: 191-5
38. 38. Jönsson B, Bebbington PE. What price depression? The cost of depression and the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological treatment. Br J Psychiatry 1994 May; 164: 665-73
39. 39. Lane R, McDonald G. Reducing the economic burden of depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1994; 9 (4): 229-43
40. 40. Holm KJ, Markham A. Mirtazapine: a review of its use in major depression. Drugs 1999 Apr; 57: 607-31
41. 41. Kent JM. SNaRIs, NaSSAs, and NaRIs: new agents for the treatment of depression. Lancet 2000 Mar 11; 355: 911-8
42. 42. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1980
43. 43. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd rev. ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987
44. 44. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994
45. 45. Stahl S, Zivkov M, Reimitz PE, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, efficacy and safety studies of mirtazapine versus amitriptyline in major depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 96 Suppl. 391: 22-30
46. 46. Kasper S. Clinical efficacy of mirtazapine: a review of meta-analyses of pooled data [published erratum appears in Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1996 Jun; 11 (2): 153]. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995 Dec; 10 Suppl 4: 25-35
47. 47. Fawcett J, Barkin RL. A meta-analysis of eight randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials of mirtazapine for the treatment of patients with major depression and symptoms of anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 1998 Mar; 59: 123-7
48. 48. Kasper S, Zivkov M, Roes KCB, et al. Pharmacological treatment of severely depressed patients: a meta-analysis comparing efficacy of mirtazapine and amitriptyline. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1997 May; 7: 115-24
49. 49. Richou H, Ruimy P, Charbaut J, et al. A multicentre, double-blind, clomipramine-controlled efficacy and safety study of Org 3770. Hum Psychopharm 1995 Jul-Aug; 10: 263-71
50. 50. Marttila M, Jääskeläinen J, Järvi R, et al. A double-blind study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine and doxepin in patients with major depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1995; 5 (4): 441-6
51. 51. Halikas JA. Org 3770 (mirtazapine) versus trazodone: a placebo controlled trial in depressed elderly patients. Hum Psychopharm 1995 Jul; 10 Suppl. 2: S125-33
52. 52. van Moffaert M, de Wilde J, Vereecken A, et al. Mirtazapine is more effective than trazadone: a double-blind controlled study in hospitalized patients with major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995 Mar; 10: 3-9
53. 53. Ontiveros A, Pérez M, Montoya F. A randomized study with mirtazapine and maprotiline in depressed outpatients [abstract]. Biol Psychiatry 1999 Apr 15; 45 Suppl.: 71S
54. 54. Montgomery SA. Safety of mirtazapine: a review. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 10 Suppl. 4: 37-45
55. 55. Montgomery SA, Reimitz P-E, Zivkov M. Mirtazapine versus amitriptyline in the long-term treatment of depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1998 Mar; 13: 63-73
56. 56. Thase M, Nierenberg AA, Keller MB. Mirtazapine in relapse prevention: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in depressed outpatients [poster]. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; 1999 Dec 13-18; Acapulco, Mexico
57. 57. Wheatley DP, van Moffaert M, Timmerman L, et al. Mirtazapine: efficacy and tolerability in comparison with fluoxetine in patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1998 Jun; 59: 306-12
58. 58. Leinonen E, Skarstein J, Behnke K, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine versus citalopram: a double-blind, randomized study in patients with major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999; 14: 329-37
59. 59. Benkert O, Szegedi A, Kohnen R. Rapid onset of therapeutic action in major depression: a comparative trial of mirtazapine and paroxetine [poster]. 37th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; 1998 Dec 14-18; Las Croabas, Puerto Rico
60. 60. Angst J, Stassen HH. Mirtazapine and the onset of antidepressant action: time to improvement (Kaplan-Meier analysis) [poster]. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; 1999 Dec 13-18; Acapulco, Mexico
61. 61. Pinder R. Mirtazapine and the onset of antidepressant action: analysis of efficacy parameters [poster]. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; 1999 Dec 13-18; Acapulco, Mexico
62. 62. Quitkin FM. Mirtazapine onset of action appears more rapid than SSRIs [poster]. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; 1999 Dec 13-18; Acapulco, Mexico
63. 63. Montgomery DB, Montgomery SA. Mirtazapine and the onset of antidepressant action: remission of symptoms [poster]. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; 1999 Dec 13-18; Acapulco, Mexico
64. 64. Guelfi JD, Ansseau M, Timmerman L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine versus venlafaxine in hospitalized, severely depressed patients with melancholia [poster]. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; 1999 Dec 13-18; Acapulco, Mexico
65. 65. Johnson J, Weissman MM, Klerman GL. Service utilization and social morbidity associated with depressive symptoms in the community [see comments]. JAMA 1992 Mar 18; 267: 1478-83
66. 66. Broadhead WE, Blazer DG, George LK, et al. Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey [see comments]. JAMA 1990 Nov 21; 264: 2524-8
67. 67. Revicki DA, Murray M. Assessing health-related quality of life outcomes of drug treatments for psychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs 1994 Jun; 1: 465-76
68. 68. Helsdingen JT, Heukels AJ, Janssens CJJG. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, citalopram controlled efficacy and safety study with Remeron (Org 3770) in depressed subjects. Organon (Netherlands). NL0010298; Oct 98 (Data on file)
69. 69. Kremer CME, Reimitz PE, Nienhuis HE. A multicentre, randomised, double-blind group comparative study comparing the tolerability and efficacy of 6 weeks treatment with Remeron (Org 3770) and fluoxetine in severely depressed patients. Organon (Netherlands). E-1527; Mar 11, 1997 (Data on file)
70. 70. Benkert O. Single-centre, double-blind, randomised, paroxetine controlled efficacy and safety study with Remergil (Org 3770) in depressed patients. Organon (Netherlands). FSR E-1559; Mar 22, 1999 (Data on file)
71. 71. Endicott J, Nee J, Harrison W, et al. Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: a new measure. Psychopharmacol Bull 1993; 29 (2): 321-6
72. 72. Weissman MM. Social functioning and the treatment of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61 Suppl. 1: 33-8
73. 73. NV Organon. Pooled quality-of-life data. F-6 to F-11, F-126, F-127; Mar 10, 2000 (Data on file)
74. 74. Brown MCJ, van Loon J, Guest JF. Comparative cost-effectiveness of mirtazapine and fluoxetine in the treatment of moderate and severe depression in France. Eur J Psychiatry (In press)
75. 75. Brown MCJ, van Loon JMT, Guest JF. Cost-effectiveness of mirtazapine relative to amitriptyline in the treatment of moderate and severe depression in France. Eur J Psychiatry 1999; 13 (4): 197-208
76. 76. Borghi J, Guest JF. Economic impact of using mirtazapine in the management of moderate and severe depression in the UK [abstract]. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1999; 9 Suppl. 5: S252
77. 77. Brown MCJ, Nimmerrichter AA, Guest JF. Cost-effectiveness of mirtazapine compared to amitriptyline and fluoxetine in the treatment of moderate and severe depression in Austria. Eur Psychiatry 1999 Jul; 14: 230-44
78. 78. Norinder A, Nordling S, Häggström L. Society's cost of depression. Läkartidningen 2000; 97: 1693-700
79. 79. Le Pen C, Levy E, Ravily V, et al. The cost ot treatment dropout in depression: a cost-benefit analysis of fluoxetine vs. tricyclics. J Affect Disord 1994; 31: 1-18
80. 80. Henry JA, Rivas CA. Constraints on antidepressant prescribing and principles of cost-effective antidepressant use. Part 2: cost effectiveness analysis. Pharmacoeconomics 1997 Jun; 11: 515-37
81. 81. Burke MJ, Silkey B, Preskorn SH. Pharmacoeconomic considerations when evaluating treatment options for major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55 (9) Suppl. A: 42-52
82. 82. Maynard A, Bloor K. Building castles on sands or quicksands? The strengths and weaknesses of economic evaluation in pharmaceuticals. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 173 Suppl. 36: 12-8
83. 83. Sheldon TA. Problems of using modelling in the economic evaluation of health care. Health Econ 1996; 5: 1-11
84. 84. Briggs A, Gray A. Using cost effectiveness information. BMJ 2000; 320: 246
85. 85. Montgomery SA, Kasper S. Side effects, dropouts from treatment and cost consequences. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1998 Feb; 13 Suppl. 2: S1-5