Thermal versus dynamical tropopause in upper-tropospheric balanced flow anomalies

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 126, Issue 562, 2000, Pages 299-317

  Wirth, V ^a  

^a Meteorologisches Institut   (Germany)

Author keywords

Dynamical tropopause; Ozone tropopause; Thermal tropopause; Tropopause sharpness

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; OZONE; TROPOPAUSE;

EID: 0034124408     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712656215     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Andrews, D. G., Holton, J. R. and Leovy, C. B. 1987 Middle atmosphere dynamics. Academic Press, New York
2. Attmannspacher, W. and Hartmannsgruber, R. 1973 On the vertical ozone and wind profiles near the tropopause. Pure Appl. Geophys., 106-108, 1581-1585
3. Bethan, S., Vaughan, G. and Reid, S. J. 1996 A comparison of ozone and thermal tropopause heights and the impact of tropopause definition on quantifying the ozone content of the troposphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 929-944
4. Charney, J. G. 1971 Geostrophic turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1087-1095
5. Danielsen, E. F. 1968 Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange based on radioactivity, ozone and potential vorticity. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 502-518
6. Defant, F. and Taba, H. 1957 The threefold structure of the atmosphere and the characteristics of the tropopause. Tellus, 9, 259-274
7. Eliassen, A. 1962 On the vertical circulation in frontal zones. Geofys. Publ., 24, 147-160.
8. 1990 'Transverse circulations in frontal zones'. In Extratropical cyclones. The Eric Palmén Memorial Volume, Eds. C. Newton and E. O. Holopainen. American Meteorological Society, Boston, USA
9. Grewe, V. and Dameris, M. 1996 Calculating the global mass exchange between stratosphere and troposphere. Ann. Geophys., 14, 431-442
10. Hoerling, M. P., Schaack T. K. and Lenzen, A. J. 1991 Global objective tropopause analysis. Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 1816-1831
11. Holton, J. R., Haynes, P. H., McIntyre, M. E., Douglass, A. R., Rood, R. B. and Pfister, L. 1995 Stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Rev. Geophys., 33, 403-439
12. Hoskins, B. J. 1971 Atmospheric frontogenesis models: Some solutions. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 139-153
13. 1972 Non-Boussinesq effects and further development in a model of upper-tropospheric frontogenesis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 98, 532-541
14. Hoskins, B.J., McIntyre, M. E. and Robertson, A. W. 1985 On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 877-946
15. Juckes, M. N. 1999 The structure of idealised upper tropospheric shear lines. J. Atmos. Sci., in press
16. Price, J. D. and Vaughan, G. 1993 The potential for stratosphere-troposphere exchange in cut-off-low systems. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 119, 343-365
17. Reichler, Th. 1995 'Eine globale Klimatologie der Tropopausenhöhe auf der Basis von ECMWF-Analysen'. Diploma Thesis. Augsburg, November 1995.
18. Reichler, Th., Dameris, M., Sausen, R. and Nodorp, D. 1996 'A global climatology of the tropopause height based on ECMWF analyses'. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Report No. 57, (available from DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen. 82234 Wessling, Germany)
19. Sawyer, J. S. 1956 The vertical circulation at meteorological fronts and its relation to frontogenesis. Proc. R. Soc. London, A234, 346-362
20. Thorpe, A. J. 1986 Diagnosis of balanced vortex structure using potential vortivity. J. Atmos. Sci. 42, 397-406
21. Vandersee, W., Wege, K., Weigl, E. and Claude, H. 1993 'Ozonstudien am Hohenpeißenberg'. In Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, 184, Offenbach am Main, Germany
22. WMO 1957 Meteorology - a three-dimensional science. WMO Bull., October 1957, 134-138
23. 1986 'Atmospheric ozone 1985'. WMO global ozone research and rronitoring project report No. 16. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
24. Wirth, V. 1995a Diabatic heating in an axisymmetric cut-off cyclone and related stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 127-147
25. 1995b Comments on 'A new formulation of the exchange of mass and trace constituents between the stratosphere and troposphere'. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2491-2493
26. Wirth, V. and Egger, J. 1999 Diagnosing extratropical synoptic-scale stratosphere-troposphere exchange: A case study. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 635-655
27. Zierl, B. and Wirth, V. 1997 The influence of radiation on tropopause behaviour and stratosphere-troposphere exchange in an upper tropospheric anticyclone. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23883-23894