메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 42-46

Panax (ginseng) - Panacea or placebo? Molecular and cellular basis of its pharmacological activity

Author keywords

Adaptogen; Ginsenosides; Scientific evidence; Tonic

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTIMUTAGENIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; GINSENG EXTRACT;

EID: 0034118871     PISSN: 03044602     EISSN: 29724066     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0021254814 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts on hexobarbital metabolism in vivo and in vitro
    • Medon P J, Ferguson P W, Watson C F. Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts on hexobarbital metabolism in vivo and in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 1984; 10:235-41.
    • (1984) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 235-241
    • Medon, P.J.1    Ferguson, P.W.2    Watson, C.F.3
  • 2
    • 0024507445 scopus 로고
    • Immunotropic effect of a tincture of the tissue culture biomass of ginseng cells and of an Eleutherococcus extract in mice
    • Chubarev V N, Rubtsova E R, Filatova I V, Krendal F P, Davydova O N. Immunotropic effect of a tincture of the tissue culture biomass of ginseng cells and of an Eleutherococcus extract in mice. Farmakol Toksikol 1989; 52:55-9.
    • (1989) Farmakol Toksikol , vol.52 , pp. 55-59
    • Chubarev, V.N.1    Rubtsova, E.R.2    Filatova, I.V.3    Krendal, F.P.4    Davydova, O.N.5
  • 4
    • 85173300880 scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical studies of the drug, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer I
    • Petkov W. Pharmaceutical studies of the drug, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer I. Arzneim-Forsch 1959; 9:305.
    • (1959) Arzneim-Forsch , vol.9 , pp. 305
    • Petkov, W.1
  • 5
    • 0013885988 scopus 로고
    • On the pharmacology of individual glycosides from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer
    • Brekhman II, Dardymov IV, Dobriakov IuI. On the pharmacology of individual glycosides from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Farmakol Toksikol 1966; 29:167-71.
    • (1966) Farmakol Toksikol , vol.29 , pp. 167-171
    • Brekhman, I.I.1    Dardymov, I.V.2    Dobriakov, Iu.I.3
  • 6
    • 0004108162 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, New York: Cambridge Univ Press
    • Hostettmann K, Marston A, Saponins. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge Univ Press, 1995.
    • (1995) Saponins
    • Hostettmann, K.1    Marston, A.2
  • 7
    • 0004955627 scopus 로고
    • Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs XXIV: Structure of ginsenoside Rg-1 a new saponin of Ginseng root
    • Nagai Y, Tanaka O, Shibata S. Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs XXIV: structure of ginsenoside Rg-1 a new saponin of Ginseng root. Tetrahedron 1971; 27:881.
    • (1971) Tetrahedron , vol.27 , pp. 881
    • Nagai, Y.1    Tanaka, O.2    Shibata, S.3
  • 8
    • 0016232344 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the saponins of Ginseng II: Structures of ginsenoside Re, Rf and Rg-2
    • Tokyo
    • Sanada S, Kondo N, Shoji J, Tanaka O, Shibata S. Studies on the saponins of Ginseng II: structures of ginsenoside Re, Rf and Rg-2. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1974; 22:2407.
    • (1974) Chem Pharm Bull , vol.22 , pp. 2407
    • Sanada, S.1    Kondo, N.2    Shoji, J.3    Tanaka, O.4    Shibata, S.5
  • 9
    • 0000626726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional activation of the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase gene through the AP2 site by ginsenoside Rb2 extracted from a medicinal plant, Panax ginseng
    • Kim Y H, Park K H, Rho H M. Transcriptional activation of the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase gene through the AP2 site by ginsenoside Rb2 extracted from a medicinal plant, Panax ginseng. J Biol Chem 1996;271:24539-43.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 24539-24543
    • Kim, Y.H.1    Park, K.H.2    Rho, H.M.3
  • 10
    • 0026589727 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of resistance to oxygen free radicals to CuZn-superoxide dismutase activity in transgenic, transfected, and trisomic cells
    • Huang T T, Carlson E J, Leadon S A, Epstein C J. Relationship of resistance to oxygen free radicals to CuZn-superoxide dismutase activity in transgenic, transfected, and trisomic cells. FASEB J 1992; 6: 903-10.
    • (1992) FASEB J , vol.6 , pp. 903-910
    • Huang, T.T.1    Carlson, E.J.2    Leadon, S.A.3    Epstein, C.J.4
  • 11
    • 0016414528 scopus 로고
    • Superoxide dismutases
    • Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutases. Annu Rev Biochem 1975; 44:147-59.
    • (1975) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.44 , pp. 147-159
    • Fridovich, I.1
  • 12
    • 0030941967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of the mutant SOD1 in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) with two base pair deletion in the SOD1 gene
    • Watanabe Y, Kuno N, Kono Y, Nanba E, Ohama E, Nakashima K, et al. Absence of the mutant SOD1 in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) with two base pair deletion in the SOD1 gene. Acta Neurol Scand 1997; 95:167-72.
    • (1997) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.95 , pp. 167-172
    • Watanabe, Y.1    Kuno, N.2    Kono, Y.3    Nanba, E.4    Ohama, E.5    Nakashima, K.6
  • 13
    • 0032813103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related cochlear hair cell loss is enhanced in mice lacking copper/zinc superoxide dismutase
    • McFadden S L, Ding D, Reaume A G, Flood D G, Salvi R J. Age-related cochlear hair cell loss is enhanced in mice lacking copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. Neurobiol Aging 1999; 20:1-8.
    • (1999) Neurobiol Aging , vol.20 , pp. 1-8
    • McFadden, S.L.1    Ding, D.2    Reaume, A.G.3    Flood, D.G.4    Salvi, R.J.5
  • 15
    • 0015056379 scopus 로고
    • An enzyme-based theory of obligate anaerobiosis: The physiological function of superoxide dismutase
    • McCord J M, Keele B B Jr, Fridovich I. An enzyme-based theory of obligate anaerobiosis: the physiological function of superoxide dismutase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:1024-7.
    • (1971) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.68 , pp. 1024-1027
    • McCord, J.M.1    Keele B.B., Jr.2    Fridovich, I.3
  • 16
    • 0011292466 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of the formation of sister chromatid exchanges by low concentrations of ginsenoside Rh2 in human blood lymphocytes
    • Zhu J H, Takeshita T, Kitagawa I, Morimoto K. Suppression of the formation of sister chromatid exchanges by low concentrations of ginsenoside Rh2 in human blood lymphocytes. Cancer Res 1995; 55:1221-3.
    • (1995) Cancer Res , vol.55 , pp. 1221-1223
    • Zhu, J.H.1    Takeshita, T.2    Kitagawa, I.3    Morimoto, K.4
  • 17
    • 0021196009 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutation and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster V79 cells with forty chemical and physical agents
    • Nishi Y, Hasegawa M M, Taketomi M, Ohkawa Y, Inui N. Comparison of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutation and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster V79 cells with forty chemical and physical agents. Cancer Res 1984; 44:3270-9.
    • (1984) Cancer Res , vol.44 , pp. 3270-3279
    • Nishi, Y.1    Hasegawa, M.M.2    Taketomi, M.3    Ohkawa, Y.4    Inui, N.5
  • 18
    • 0030596179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rh2 blocks the cell cycle of SK-HEP-1 cells at the G1/S boundary by selectively inducing the protein expression of p27kip1
    • Lee K Y, Park J A, Chung E, Lee Y H, Kim S I, Lee S K. Ginsenoside-Rh2 blocks the cell cycle of SK-HEP-1 cells at the G1/S boundary by selectively inducing the protein expression of p27kip1. Cancer Lett 1996; 110:193-200.
    • (1996) Cancer Lett , vol.110 , pp. 193-200
    • Lee, K.Y.1    Park, J.A.2    Chung, E.3    Lee, Y.H.4    Kim, S.I.5    Lee, S.K.6
  • 19
    • 0030799814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of protein kinase C activity in NIH 3T3 cells by plant glycosides from Panax ginseng
    • Byun B H, Shin I, Yoon Y S, Kim S I, Joe C O. Modulation of protein kinase C activity in NIH 3T3 cells by plant glycosides from Panax ginseng. Planta Med 1997; 63:389-92.
    • (1997) Planta Med , vol.63 , pp. 389-392
    • Byun, B.H.1    Shin, I.2    Yoon, Y.S.3    Kim, S.I.4    Joe, C.O.5
  • 20
    • 0023186927 scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways of proto-oncogene induction in human astrocytoma cells
    • Blackshear P J, Stumpo D J, Huang J K, Nemenoff R A, Spach D H. Protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways of proto-oncogene induction in human astrocytoma cells. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:7774-81.
    • (1987) J Biol Chem , vol.262 , pp. 7774-7781
    • Blackshear, P.J.1    Stumpo, D.J.2    Huang, J.K.3    Nemenoff, R.A.4    Spach, D.H.5
  • 22
    • 0025334252 scopus 로고
    • Pasteurella multocida toxin, a potent mitogen, stimulates protein kinase C-dependent and -independent protein phosphorylation in Swiss 3T3 cells
    • Staddon J M, Chanter N, Lax A J, Higgins T E, Rozengurt E. Pasteurella multocida toxin, a potent mitogen, stimulates protein kinase C-dependent and -independent protein phosphorylation in Swiss 3T3 cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:11841-8.
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 11841-11848
    • Staddon, J.M.1    Chanter, N.2    Lax, A.J.3    Higgins, T.E.4    Rozengurt, E.5
  • 23
    • 0033126998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiproliferating effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
    • Oh M, Choi Y H, Choi S, Chung H, Kim K, Kim S I, et al. Antiproliferating effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 1999; 14:869-75.
    • (1999) Int J Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 869-875
    • Oh, M.1    Choi, Y.H.2    Choi, S.3    Chung, H.4    Kim, K.5    Kim, S.I.6
  • 24
    • 0018948184 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal induction of differentiation in teratocarcinoma stem cells: Generation of parietal endoderm by retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP
    • Strickland S, Smith K K, Marotti K R. Hormonal induction of differentiation in teratocarcinoma stem cells: generation of parietal endoderm by retinoic acid and dibutyryl cAMP. Cell 1980; 21:347-55.
    • (1980) Cell , vol.21 , pp. 347-355
    • Strickland, S.1    Smith, K.K.2    Marotti, K.R.3
  • 25
    • 0030017733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro induction of differentiation by ginsenoides in F9 teratocarcinoma cells
    • Lee Y N, Lee H Y, Chung H Y, Kim S I, Lee S K, Park B C, et al. In vitro induction of differentiation by ginsenoides in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A: 1420-8.
    • (1996) Eur J Cancer , vol.32 A , pp. 1420-1428
    • Lee, Y.N.1    Lee, H.Y.2    Chung, H.Y.3    Kim, S.I.4    Lee, S.K.5    Park, B.C.6
  • 26
    • 0032191002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in the induction of differentiation by ginsenosides in F9 teratocarcinoma cells
    • Lee Y N, Lee H Y, Lee Y M, Chung H Y, Kim S I, Lee S K, et al. Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in the induction of differentiation by ginsenosides in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 67:105-11.
    • (1998) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.67 , pp. 105-111
    • Lee, Y.N.1    Lee, H.Y.2    Lee, Y.M.3    Chung, H.Y.4    Kim, S.I.5    Lee, S.K.6
  • 27
    • 0030777703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of caspase-3 protease via a Bcl-2-insensitive pathway during the process of ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis
    • Park J A, Lee K Y, Oh Y J, Kim K W, Lee S K. Activation of caspase-3 protease via a Bcl-2-insensitive pathway during the process of ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis. Cancer Lett 1997; 121:73-81.
    • (1997) Cancer Lett , vol.121 , pp. 73-81
    • Park, J.A.1    Lee, K.Y.2    Oh, Y.J.3    Kim, K.W.4    Lee, S.K.5
  • 28
    • 0000408538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase 3 specifically cleaves p21WAF1/CIP1 in the earlier stage of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 human hepatoma cells
    • Park J A, Kim K W, Kim S I, Lee S K. Caspase 3 specifically cleaves p21WAF1/CIP1 in the earlier stage of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 human hepatoma cells. Eur J Biochem 1998; 257:242-8.
    • (1998) Eur J Biochem , vol.257 , pp. 242-248
    • Park, J.A.1    Kim, K.W.2    Kim, S.I.3    Lee, S.K.4
  • 29
    • 0031048545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 and the ICE family of apoptotic regulators: Making a connection
    • Rao L, White E. Bcl-2 and the ICE family of apoptotic regulators: making a connection. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1997; 7:52-8.
    • (1997) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.7 , pp. 52-58
    • Rao, L.1    White, E.2
  • 30
    • 0028102478 scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE
    • Lazebnik Y A, Kaufmann S H, Desnoyers S, Poirier G G, Earnshaw W C. Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE. Nature 1994; 371:346-7.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 346-347
    • Lazebnik, Y.A.1    Kaufmann, S.H.2    Desnoyers, S.3    Poirier, G.G.4    Earnshaw, W.C.5
  • 31
    • 0028990125 scopus 로고
    • Yama/CPP32 beta, a mammalian homolog of CED-3, is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that cleaves the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
    • Tewari M, Quan L T, O'Rourke K, Desnoyers S, Zeng Z, Beidler D R, et al. Yama/CPP32 beta, a mammalian homolog of CED-3, is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that cleaves the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Cell 1995; 81:801-9.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 801-809
    • Tewari, M.1    Quan, L.T.2    O'Rourke, K.3    Desnoyers, S.4    Zeng, Z.5    Beidler, D.R.6
  • 32
    • 0032588931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rs3, a new diol-type ginseng saponin, selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 leading to induction of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells
    • Kim S E, Lee Y H, Park J H, Lee S K. Ginsenoside-Rs3, a new diol-type ginseng saponin, selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 leading to induction of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells. Anticancer Res 1999; 19:487-91.
    • (1999) Anticancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 487-491
    • Kim, S.E.1    Lee, Y.H.2    Park, J.H.3    Lee, S.K.4
  • 33
    • 0033093123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rs4, a new type of ginseng saponin concurrently induces apoptosis and selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 in human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells
    • Kim S E, Lee Y H, Park J H, Lee S K. Ginsenoside-Rs4, a new type of ginseng saponin concurrently induces apoptosis and selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 in human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells. Eur J Cancer 1999; 35:507-11.
    • (1999) Eur J Cancer , vol.35 , pp. 507-511
    • Kim, S.E.1    Lee, Y.H.2    Park, J.H.3    Lee, S.K.4
  • 34
    • 0028853696 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of daunomycin and vinblastine resistance in multidrug-resistant P388 leukemia in vitro through enhanced cytotoxicity by triterpenoids
    • Hasegawa H, Sung J H, Matsumiya S, Uchiyama M, Inouye Y, Kasai R, et al. Reversal of daunomycin and vinblastine resistance in multidrug-resistant P388 leukemia in vitro through enhanced cytotoxicity by triterpenoids. Planta Med 1995; 61:409-13.
    • (1995) Planta Med , vol.61 , pp. 409-413
    • Hasegawa, H.1    Sung, J.H.2    Matsumiya, S.3    Uchiyama, M.4    Inouye, Y.5    Kasai, R.6
  • 35
    • 0026321979 scopus 로고
    • Anti-hepatitic activity of ginsenoside Ro
    • Matsuda H, Samukawa K, Kubo M. Anti-hepatitic activity of ginsenoside Ro. Planta Med 1991; 57:523-6.
    • (1991) Planta Med , vol.57 , pp. 523-526
    • Matsuda, H.1    Samukawa, K.2    Kubo, M.3
  • 36
    • 0025378614 scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside Ro
    • Matsuda H, Samukawa K, Kubo M. Anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside Ro. Planta Med 1990; 56:19-23.
    • (1990) Planta Med , vol.56 , pp. 19-23
    • Matsuda, H.1    Samukawa, K.2    Kubo, M.3
  • 37
    • 0029789142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular biological analysis of the effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 on albumin mRNA in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • Yokozawa T, Yasui T, Oura H. Molecular biological analysis of the effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 on albumin mRNA in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:763-7.
    • (1996) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 763-767
    • Yokozawa, T.1    Yasui, T.2    Oura, H.3
  • 38
    • 0025597910 scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of protein biosynthesis by ginsenoside-Rb2 administration in diabetic rats
    • Yokozawa T, Oura H. Facilitation of protein biosynthesis by ginsenoside-Rb2 administration in diabetic rats. J Nat Prod 1990; 53:1514-8.
    • (1990) J Nat Prod , vol.53 , pp. 1514-1518
    • Yokozawa, T.1    Oura, H.2
  • 39
    • 0025921981 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 on adenine nucleotide content of rat hepatic tissue
    • Yokozawa T, Fujitsuka N, Yasui T, Oura H. Effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 on adenine nucleotide content of rat hepatic tissue. J Pharm Pharmacol 1991; 43:290-1.
    • (1991) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 290-291
    • Yokozawa, T.1    Fujitsuka, N.2    Yasui, T.3    Oura, H.4
  • 40
    • 0342543396 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Beeson PB, McDermott W. editors. Philadelphia: W B Saunders Co
    • Bondy PK. Diabetes mellitus. In: Beeson PB, McDermott W. editors. Textbook of Medicine. Philadelphia: W B Saunders Co, 1971:1639-56.
    • (1971) Textbook of Medicine , pp. 1639-1656
    • Bondy, P.K.1
  • 41
    • 0032587043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg3 mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ginsenosides in rat aorta: Role of K+ channels
    • Kim N D, Kang S Y. Park J H. Schini-Kerth V B. Ginsenoside Rg3 mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ginsenosides in rat aorta: role of K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 367:41-9.
    • (1999) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.367 , pp. 41-49
    • Kim, N.D.1    Kang, S.Y.2    Park, J.H.3    Schini-Kerth, V.B.4
  • 42
    • 0032587041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ginsenoside Rg3 evokes endothelium-independent relaxation in rat aortic rings: Role of K+ channels
    • Kim N D, Kang S Y, Kim M J, Park J H, Schini-Kerth V B. The ginsenoside Rg3 evokes endothelium-independent relaxation in rat aortic rings: role of K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 367:51-7.
    • (1999) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.367 , pp. 51-57
    • Kim, N.D.1    Kang, S.Y.2    Kim, M.J.3    Park, J.H.4    Schini-Kerth, V.B.5
  • 43
    • 0023238455 scopus 로고
    • Absence of effect of calcium antagonists on endothelium-dependent relaxation in rabbit aorta
    • Jayakody R L, Kappagoda C T, Senaratne M P, Sreeharan N. Absence of effect of calcium antagonists on endothelium-dependent relaxation in rabbit aorta. Br J Pharmacol 1987; 91:155-64.
    • (1987) Br J Pharmacol , vol.91 , pp. 155-164
    • Jayakody, R.L.1    Kappagoda, C.T.2    Senaratne, M.P.3    Sreeharan, N.4
  • 44
    • 0029884796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potassium channel activation: A potential therapeutic approach?
    • Lawson K. Potassium channel activation: a potential therapeutic approach? Pharmacol Ther 1996; 70:39-63.
    • (1996) Pharmacol Ther , vol.70 , pp. 39-63
    • Lawson, K.1
  • 45
    • 0029067547 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of the potassium channel openers
    • Edwards G, Weston A H. Pharmacology of the potassium channel openers. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1995; 9 (Suppl 2): 185-93.
    • (1995) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.9 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 185-193
    • Edwards, G.1    Weston, A.H.2
  • 46
    • 0029075879 scopus 로고
    • Ginseng saponins reduce acetylcholine-evoked Na+ influx and catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells
    • Tachikawa E, Kudo K, Kashimoto T, Takahashi E. Ginseng saponins reduce acetylcholine-evoked Na+ influx and catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 273:629-36.
    • (1995) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.273 , pp. 629-636
    • Tachikawa, E.1    Kudo, K.2    Kashimoto, T.3    Takahashi, E.4
  • 48
    • 0022492156 scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside modulates K+-stimulated noradrenaline release from rat cerebral cortex slices
    • Tsang D, Ho K W, Tse T K, Tsang P C, Wen H E. Ginsenoside modulates K+-stimulated noradrenaline release from rat cerebral cortex slices. Planta Med 1986; 4:266-8.
    • (1986) Planta Med , vol.4 , pp. 266-268
    • Tsang, D.1    Ho, K.W.2    Tse, T.K.3    Tsang, P.C.4    Wen, H.E.5
  • 49
    • 0029034101 scopus 로고
    • Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: A case-control study on 1987 pairs
    • Yun T K, Choi S Y. Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case-control study on 1987 pairs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995; 4:401-8.
    • (1995) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.4 , pp. 401-408
    • Yun, T.K.1    Choi, S.Y.2
  • 50
    • 0031844243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-organ specific cancer prevention of ginseng: A prospective study in Korea
    • Yun T K, Choi S Y. Non-organ specific cancer prevention of ginseng: a prospective study in Korea. Int J Epidemiol 1998; 27:359-64.
    • (1998) Int J Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 359-364
    • Yun, T.K.1    Choi, S.Y.2
  • 51
    • 0030626724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and stomach cancer in Korea
    • Ahn Y O. Diet and stomach cancer in Korea. Int J Cancer 1997; (Suppl 10):7-9.
    • (1997) Int J Cancer , Issue.10 SUPPL. , pp. 7-9
    • Ahn, Y.O.1
  • 52
    • 0023631316 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a preparation containing a standardized ginseng extract combined with trace elements and multivitamins against hepatotoxin-induced chronic liver disease in the elderly
    • Zuin M, Battezzati P M, Camisasca M, Riebenfeld D, Podda M. Effects of a preparation containing a standardized ginseng extract combined with trace elements and multivitamins against hepatotoxin-induced chronic liver disease in the elderly. J Int Med Res 1987; 15:276-81.
    • (1987) J Int Med Res , vol.15 , pp. 276-281
    • Zuin, M.1    Battezzati, P.M.2    Camisasca, M.3    Riebenfeld, D.4    Podda, M.5
  • 53
    • 0029097005 scopus 로고
    • Ginseng therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients
    • Sotaniemi E A, Haapakoski E, Rautio A. Ginseng therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1995; 18:1373-5.
    • (1995) Diabetes Care , vol.18 , pp. 1373-1375
    • Sotaniemi, E.A.1    Haapakoski, E.2    Rautio, A.3
  • 54
    • 0030330575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the standardised Ginseng extract G1 15 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold
    • Scaglione F, Cattaneo G, Alessandria M, Cogo R. Efficacy and safety of the standardised Ginseng extract G1 15 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1996; 22:65-72.
    • (1996) Drugs Exp Clin Res , vol.22 , pp. 65-72
    • Scaglione, F.1    Cattaneo, G.2    Alessandria, M.3    Cogo, R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.