Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

Bailliere's Best Practice and Research in Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 57-71

  Walker, James J ^a  

^a ST JAMES S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anticonvulsants; Antihypertensive drugs; Eclampsia; Fluid therapy; Hypertension; Maternal mortality; Pre eclampsia; Pulmonary oedema

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; DIAZEPAM; LABETALOL; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; NIFEDIPINE; PHENYTOIN;

BLOOD PRESSURE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DELIVERY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ECLAMPSIA; FEMALE; FETUS; FLUID THERAPY; HUMAN; KIDNEY FAILURE; LUNG EDEMA; MATERNAL MORTALITY; MEDICAL EDUCATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREECLAMPSIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERIUM; RECURRENCE RISK; REVIEW;

EID: 0034117296     PISSN: 15216934     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/beog.1999.0063     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Why Mothers Die. Report on Confidential Inquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom 1994-96. 1999.
2. Leitch C R, Cameron A D, Walker J J. The changing pattern of eclampsia over a 60-year period. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 104:1997;917-922.
3. Douglas K A, Redman C WG. Eclampsia in the United Kingdom. British Medical Journal. 309:1994;1395-1400.
4. Roberts J M, Redman C WG. Preeclampsia - more than pregnancy-induced hypertension. Lancet. 341:1993;1447-1451.
5. Duley L, Carroli G, Belizan J. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia - evidence from the collaborative eclampsia trial. Lancet. 345:1995;1455-1463.
6. Friedman E A, Neff R K. Pregnancy, outcome as related to hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. Perspectives in Nephrology and Hypertension. 5:1976;13-22.
7. Walker J J. Day-care obstetrics. British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 50:1993;225-226.
8. Saphier C J, Repke J T. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome: a review of diagnosis and management. Seminars in Perinatology. 22:1998;118-133.
9. Walker J J. Antioxidants and inflammatory cell response in preeclampsia. Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology. 16:1998;47-55.
10. Vink G J, Moodley J, Philpott R H. Effect of dihydralazine on the fetus in the treatment of maternal hypertension. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 55:1980;519-522.
11. Walker J J. Hypertensive drugs in pregnancy. Antihypertension therapy in pregnancy, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. Clinics in Perinatology. 18:1991;845-873.
12. Hutton J D, James D K, Stirrat G M. Management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia by UK consultants. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 99:1992;554-556.
13. Collins, R, Duley, L, Any antihypertensive therapy for pregnancy hypertension, Enkin, M, WKeirse, M, JNCRenfrew, M, JNeilson, J, P, 1994.
14. Walker J J. Care of the patient with severe pregnancy induced hypertension. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Biology. 65:1996;127-135.
15. Abdelwahab W, Frishman W, Landau A. Management of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 35:1995;747-762.
16. Walker J J, Greer I, Calder A A. Treatment of acute pregnancy-related hypertension: labetalol and hydralazine compared. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 59:1983;168-170.
17. Kwawukume E Y, Ghosh T S. Oral nifedipine therapy in the management of severe preeclampsia. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 49:1995;265-269.
18. Visser W, Wallenburg H CS. A comparison between the hemodynamic-effects of oral nifedipine and intravenous dihydralazine in patients with severe preeclampsia. Journal of Hypertension. 13:1995;791-795.
19. Abramovici D, Friedman S A, Mercer B M. Neonatal outcome in severe preeclampsia at 24 to 36 weeks' gestation: does the HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome matter? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 180:1999;221-225.
20. Impey L. Severe hypotension and fetal distress following sublingual administration of nifedipine to a patient with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension at 33 weeks. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 100:1993;959-961.
21. Mabie W C, Gonzalez A R, Sibai B M, Amon E. A comparative trial of labetalol and hydralazine in the acute management of severe hypertension complicating pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 70:1987;328-333.
22. Ramanathan J, Sibai B M, Mabie W C. The use of labetalol for attenuation of the hypertensive response to endotracheal intubation in preeclampsia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 159:1988;650-654.
23. Witlin A G, Sibai B M. Magnesium sulfate therapy in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 92:1998;883-889.
24. Moodley J, Moodley V V. Prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy in hypertensive crises of pregnancy - the need for a large, randomized trial. Hypertension in Pregnancy. 13:1994;245-252.
25. Lucas M J, Leveno K J, Cunningham F G. A comparison of magnesium-sulfate with phenytoin for the prevention of eclampsia. New England Journal of Medicine. 333:1995;201-205.
26. Leveno K K, Alexander J M, McIntire D D, Lucas M J. Does magnesium sulfate given for prevention of eclampsia affect the outcome of labor? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 178:1998;707-712.
27. Witlin A G, Friedman S A, Sibai B M. The effect of magnesium sulfate therapy on the duration of labor in women with mild preeclampsia at term: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 176:1997;623-627.
28. Magann E F, Perry K GJ, Chauhan S P. Neonatal salvage by week's gestation in pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. 1:1994;206-209.
29. Redman C W, Beilin L JB, Wilkinson B H. Plasma urate measurements in predicting fetal death in hypertensive pregnancy. Lancet. 1:1976;1370-1374.
30. Redman C W, Bonnar J, Beilin L. Early platelet consumption in pre-eclampsia. British Medical Journal. 1:1978;467-469.
31. Halligan A, Shennan A, Thurston H. Ambulator blood-pressure measurement in pregnancy - the current state-of-the-art. Hypertension in Pregnancy. 14:1995;1-16.
32. Weinstein L. Syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count: a severe consequence of hypertension in pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 142:1982;159-167.
33. Visser W, Wallenburg H CS. Temporising management of severe preeclampsia with and without the HELLP-syndrome. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 102:1995;111-117.
34. Spickett C M, Reglinski J, Smith W E. Erythrocyte glutathione balance and membrane stability during preeclampsia. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 24:1998;1049-1055.
35. Magann E F, Bass J D, Chauhan S P. Accelerated recovery from severe preeclampsia: uterine curettage versus nifedipine. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. 1:1994;210-214.
36. Kahra K, Draganov B, Sund S, Hovig T. Postpartum renal failure: a complex case with probable coexistence of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 92:1998;698-700.
37. Bower S, Bewley S, Campbell S. Improved prediction of preeclampsia by 2-stage screening of uterine arteries using the early diastolic notch and color Doppler imaging. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 82:1993;78-83.
38. Hanretty K P, Whittle M J, Rubin P C. Doppler uteroplacental waveforms in pregnancy-induced hypertension: a re-appraisal. Lancet. 1:1988;850-852.
39. Fairlie F M. Doppler flow velocimetry in hypertension in pregnancy. Clinics in Perinatology. 18:1991;749-778.
40. Nassar A H, Adra A M, Chakhtoura M. Severe preeclampsia remote from term: labor induction or elective cesarean delivery? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 179:1998;1210-1213.
41. Brown M A, Zammit V C, Lowe S A. Capillary permeability and extracellular fluid volumes in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Clinical Science. 77:1989;599-604.
42. Gilson G J, Kramer R L, Barada C. Does labetalol predispose to pulmonary edema in severe pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease? Journal of Maternal and Fetal Medicine. 7:1998;142-147.
43. Ventura J E, Villa M, Mizraji R, Ferreiros R. Acute renal failure in pregnancy. Renal Failure. 19:1997;217-220.
44. Cotton D B, Gonik B, Dorman K, Harrist R. Cardiovascular alterations in severe pregnancy-induced hypertension: relationship of central venous pressure to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 151:1985;762-764.
45. Magann E F, Bass D, Chauhan S P. Accelerated recovery from severe preeclampsia-uterine curettage versus nifedipine. Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. 1:1994;210-214.
46. Miles J FJ, Martin J NJ, Blake P G. Postpartum eclampsia: a recurring perinatal dilemma. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 76:1990;328-331.
47. Atterbury J L, Groome L J, Hoff C, Yarnell J A. Clinical presentation of women readmitted with postpartum severe preeclampsia or eclampsia. Journal of Obstetric Gynecological and Neonatal Nursing. 27:1998;134-141.