Mixture of sulfate and nitrate in coastal atmospheric aerosols: Individual particle studies in Qingdao (36°04'N, 120°21'E), China

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 34, Issue 17, 2000, Pages 2669-2679

  Zhang, Daizhou ^a,d   Shi, Guang Yu ^b   Iwasaka, Yasunobu ^c   Hu, Min ^a  

^a PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS   (China)

^c NAGOYA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d PREFECTURAL UNIVERSITY OF KUMAMOTO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Coastal aerosols; Droplets; Individual particles; Nitrate; Sulfate

Indexed keywords

NITRATE; SULFATE;

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; COASTAL ZONE; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; NITRATE; SULFATE; URBAN ATMOSPHERE;

AEROSOL; AIR ANALYSIS; AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; CHINA; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SAMPLING; SEASHORE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY SPECTROMETRY;

CHINA;

EID: 0034116302     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00078-9     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. 2 emissions from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Asia with 1° × 1° resolution. Atmospheric Environment 28, 213-225.
2. Appel, B.R., Kothny, E.L., Hoffer, E.M., Hidy, G.M., Wesolowski, J.J., 1978. Sulfate and nitrate data from the California Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACHEX). Environment Science and Technology 12, 418-425.
3. Ayers, G.P., 1978. Quantitative determination of sulfate in individual aerosol particles. Atmospheric Environment 12, 1613-1621.
4. Bassett, M.E., Seinfeld, J.H., 1983. Atmospheric equilibrium model of sulfate and nitrate aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 17, 2237-2252.
5. Bassett, M.E., Seinfeld, J.H., 1984. Atmospheric equilibrium model of sulfate and nitrate aerosols-II. Particle size analysis. Atmospheric Environment 18, 1163-1170.
6. Bigg, E.K., 1980. Comparison of aerosol at four baseline atmospheric monitoring stations. Journal of Applied Meteorology 19, 521-533.
7. Bigg, E.K., Ono, A., Thompson, J.A., 1970. Aerosols at altitudes between 20 and 37 km. Tellus 22, 550-563.
8. Colbeck, I., Atkinson, B., Hohar, Y., 1997. The morphology and optical properties of soot produced by different fuels. Journal of Aerosol Science 28, 715-723.
9. Ferek, R.J., Lazrus, A.L., Winchester, J.W., 1983. Electron microscopy of acidic aerosols collected over northeastern United States. Atmospheric Environment 17, 1545-1561.
10. Frank, E.R., Lodge, J.P., 1967. Morphological identification of air-borne particles with electron microscope. Journal of Microscopy 6, 449-456.
11. Hegg, D.A., Hobbs, P.V., 1978. Oxidation of sulfur dioxide in aqueous systems with particulate reference to the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 12, 241-253.
12. Hidy, G.M., Appel, B.R., Charlson, R.J., Clark, W.E., Fridlander, S.K., Hutchison, D.H., Smith, J.B., Suder, J., Wesolowski, J.J., Whitby, K.J., 1975. Summary of California Aerosol Characterization Experiment. Journal of Air Pollution Control and Assessment 25, 1106-1114.
13. Hobbs, P.V., 1993. Aerosol-Cloud-Climate. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 33-73.
14. Hoffmann, M.R., Edwards, J.O., 1975. Kinetics of the oxidation of sulfite by hydrogen peroxide in acidic solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry 79, 2096-2098.
15. Hu, M., Tang, X., Li, J., Yu, Z., 1997. Dimethylsulfide in sea water in the gulf of Jiaozhou. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 17, 110-115 (in Chinese).
16. Huebert, B.J., Wang, M.X., Lu, W.X., 1988. Atmospheric nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and calcium concentrations in China. Tellus 40B, 260-269.
17. Iwasaka, Y., Yamato, Y., Imasu, R., Ono, A., 1988. Transport of Asian dust (KOSA) particles; importance of weak KOSA events on the geochemical cycles of soil particle. Tellus 40B, 497-503.
18. x in Asia: emission inventories. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 2997-3017.
19. Li, J., Yao, R., Sun, H., 1995. Characteristics of acid deposition in qingdao areas. Report for the grant of Science and Technology Foundation of National Educational Ministry, Beijing, pp. 6-9 (in Chinese).
20. Malderen, H.V., Grieken, R.V., Khodzher, T., Obolkin, V., Potemakin, V., 1996. Composition of individual aerosol particles above Lake Baikal, Siberia. Atmospheric Environment 30, 1453-1465.
21. Mamane, Y., Gottlieb, J., 1989. Heterogeneous reactions of minerals with sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Journal of Aerosol Science 20, 303-311.
22. Okada, K., 1985. Number-size distribution and formation process of submicrometer sulfate-containing particles in urban atmosphere of Nagoya. Atmospheric Environment 19, 743-757.
23. Okdada, K., Naruse, H., Tanaka, T., Nemoto, O., Iwasaka, Y., Wu, P., Ono, A., Duce, R., Uemtsu, M., Merrill, J., 1990. X-ray spectrometry of individual Asian dust-storm particles over the Japanese islands and the North Pacific Ocean. Atmospheric Environment 24, 1369-1378.
24. Parungo, F., 1997. Asian duststorms and their effects on radiation and climate: Part IV. Science and Technology Corporation Technical Report 3134 for NOAA, 124.
25. Parungo, F., Nagamoto, C., Zhou, M.Y., Hansen, A.D.A., Harris, J., 1994. Aeolian transport of aerosol black carbon from China to the ocean. Atmospheric Environment 28, 3251-3260.
26. 2 and other atmospheric gases by ozone in aqueous solution. Nature 240, 105-106.
27. Qian, G.W., 1992. Transformation of individual aerosol particles in acidic fog evolution. PhD Dissertation of Nagoya University, Nagoya, pp. 15-40 (in Japanese).
28. Qian, G.W., Ishizaka, Y., Minami, Y., Kurahashi, Y., Tjandradewi, B.I., Takenaka, C., 1992. Transformation of individual aerosol particles in acidic fog evolution. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan 70, 711-722.
29. Qian, G.W., Tanaka, H., Yamato, M., Ishizaka, Y., 1991. Multiple thin film method for simultaneous detection of sulfate and nitrate ions in individual particles and its application to atmospheric aerosols. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan 69, 629-640.
30. Sakai, K., 1996. Weather maps and notes of October 1996. Meteorology 476, 24-25 (in Japanese).
31. 2. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 12957-12977.
32. Seinfeld, J.H., Pandis, S.N., 1998. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Wiley, New York, pp. 55-74, 429-435, 618-627.
33. Stelson, A.W., Friedlander, S.K., Seinfeld, J.H., 1979. A note on the equilibrium relationship between ammonia and nitric acid and particulate ammonium nitrate. Atmospheric Environment 13, 369-371.
34. Warneck, P., 1988. Chemistry of the Nature Atmosphere. Academic Press, New York, pp. 422-542.
35. 2) concentrations in the urban atmosphere. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan 73, 839-847.
36. Weiss, R.E., Kapustin, V.N., Hobbs, P.V., 1992. Chain-aggregate aerosols in smoke from Kuwait oil fires. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 14527-14531.
37. Wu, P.M., Okada, K., 1994. Nature of coarse nitrate particles in the atmosphere - a single particle approach. Atmospheric Environment 28, 2053-2060.
38. Wu, P.M., Ono, A., 1988. X-ray spectrometry of individual nitrate-containing particles in the urban atmosphere. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan 66, 155-165.
39. Yamato, M., Tanaka, H., 1994. Aircraft observations of aerosols in the free marine troposphere over the North Pacific Ocean: particle chemistry in relation to air mass origin. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 5353-5377.
40. Zhang, D., 1996. Features of nitrate-containing particles in the urban atmosphere over Beijing. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica 20, 408-415 (in Chinese).
41. Zhang, D., Iwasaka, Y., 1998. Morphology and chemical composition of individual dust particles collected over Wakasa Bay, Japan. Journal of Aerosol Science 29, s217-s218.
42. Zhang, D., Iwasaka, Y., 1999. Nitrate and sulfate in individual Asian dust-storm particles in Beijing, China in springs of 1995 and 1996. Atmospheric Environment 33, 3213-3223.
43. Zhang, D., Tang, X., Qin, Y., Iwasaka, Y., Gai, X., 1995. Tests for individual sulfate-containing particles in urban atmosphere in Beijing. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 13, 124-132.
44. Zhang, Y., Sunwoo, Y., Kotamarthi, V., Carmichael, G.R., 1994. Photochemical oxidant processes in the presence of dust: an evaluation of the impact of dust on particulate nitrate and ozone formation. Journal of Applied Meteorology 33, 813-824.
45. Zhao, C., Zhang, D., Qin, Y., 1998. Numerical modeling of production and evolution of aerosols in the remote marine boundary layer. Progress in Natural Sciences 8, 440-448.
46. Zhao, D.W., Sun, B.Z., 1986. Air pollution and acid rain in China. Ambio 15, 2-5.
47. Zhou, M.Y., Chen, Z., Huang, R., Wang, Q., Arimoto, R., Parungo, F., Lenschow, D., Okada, K., Wu, P., 1994. Effects of two dust storms on solar radiation in the Beijing-Tianjin area. Geophysical Research Letters 21, 2697-2700.
48. Zhou, M.Y., Lu, N.P., Miller, J., Parungo, F.P., Nagamoto, C., Yang, S.J., 1992. Characterization of atmospheric aerosols of suspended particles in sea water in the western Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 7553-7567.
49. Zhou, M.Y., Okda, K., Qian, F., Wu, P., Su, L., Casareto, B.E., Shimohara, T., 1996. Characteristics of dust-storm particles and their long-range transport from China to Japan - case studies in April 1993. Atmospheric Research 40, 19-31.
50. Zhuang, H., Chan, C.K., Fang, M., Wexler, A.S., 1999. Size distributions of particulate sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium at a coastal site in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 33, 843-853.