메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 159-169

Acute cocaine toxicity: Pharmacology and clinical presentations in adult and pediatric populations

Author keywords

Cocaine; Drug abuse; Drug addiction; Emergency departments; Epidemiology; Pharmacology; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; COCAINE; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; OXIDOPAMINE; SODIUM CHLORIDE; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 0034114879     PISSN: 08971900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1106/TEL3-N8W7-3FG3-9BV4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (5)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0031434214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine: Pathophysiology and clinical toxicology
    • Boghdadi MS and Henning RJ. 1997. "Cocaine: Pathophysiology and Clinical Toxicology," Mean Lung, 26:466-483.
    • (1997) Mean Lung , vol.26 , pp. 466-483
    • Boghdadi, M.S.1    Henning, R.J.2
  • 2
    • 0027253985 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine abuse in North America: A milestone in history
    • Das G. 1993. "Cocaine Abuse in North America: A Milestone in History," J Clin Pharmacol., 33:296-310.
    • (1993) J Clin Pharmacol. , vol.33 , pp. 296-310
    • Das, G.1
  • 4
    • 0026523139 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine ingestion mimicking foreign body obstruction
    • Hess GP, Walson PD and Beauchamp ML. 1992. "Cocaine Ingestion Mimicking Foreign Body Obstruction," Ear Nose Throat J., 71:141-142.
    • (1992) Ear Nose Throat J. , vol.71 , pp. 141-142
    • Hess, G.P.1    Walson, P.D.2    Beauchamp, M.L.3
  • 5
    • 0032890831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The etiology of cardiac arrest in children and young adults: Special considerations for ED management
    • Richman PB and Nashed AH. 1999. "The Etiology of Cardiac Arrest in Children and Young Adults: Special Considerations for ED Management," Am J Emerg Med., 17:264-270.
    • (1999) Am J Emerg Med. , vol.17 , pp. 264-270
    • Richman, P.B.1    Nashed, A.H.2
  • 7
    • 0027497491 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacology and toxicology of cocaine
    • Published Erratum Appears in Pharmacol Toxicol 1993 June; 72(6):343
    • Benowitz NL. 1993. "Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cocaine [Published Erratum Appears in Pharmacol Toxicol 1993 June; 72(6):343]," Pharmacol Toxicol., 72:3-12.
    • (1993) Pharmacol Toxicol. , vol.72 , pp. 3-12
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 8
    • 0027438206 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine abuse
    • Warner EA. 1993. "Cocaine Abuse," Ann Intern Med., 119:226-235.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med. , vol.119 , pp. 226-235
    • Warner, E.A.1
  • 9
    • 0025182218 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and therapeutic applications of cocaine
    • Fleming JA, Byck R and Barash PG. 1990. "Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications of Cocaine [See Comments]," Anesthesiology 73:518-531.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.73 , pp. 518-531
    • Fleming, J.A.1    Byck, R.2    Barash, P.G.3
  • 10
    • 0028836340 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine and benzoylecgonine constrict cerebral arteries by different mechanisms
    • Madden JA, Konkol RJ, Keller PA, et al. 1995. "Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine Constrict Cerebral Arteries by Different Mechanisms," Life Sci., 56:679-686.
    • (1995) Life Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 679-686
    • Madden, J.A.1    Konkol, R.J.2    Keller, P.A.3
  • 11
    • 0028129909 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and cocaine metabolites in cannulated pressurized fetal sheep cerebral arteries
    • Schreiber MD, Madden JA, Covert RF, et al. 1994. "Effects of Cocaine, Benzoylecgonine, and Cocaine Metabolites in Cannulated Pressurized Fetal Sheep Cerebral Arteries," J Appl Physiol., 77:834-839.
    • (1994) J Appl Physiol. , vol.77 , pp. 834-839
    • Schreiber, M.D.1    Madden, J.A.2    Covert, R.F.3
  • 12
    • 0025855256 scopus 로고
    • The dopamine hypothesis of the reinforcing properties of cocaine
    • Kuhar MJ, Ritz MC and Boja JW. 1991. "The Dopamine Hypothesis of the Reinforcing Properties of Cocaine," Trends Neurosci., 14:299-302.
    • (1991) Trends Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 299-302
    • Kuhar, M.J.1    Ritz, M.C.2    Boja, J.W.3
  • 13
    • 0024164944 scopus 로고
    • Psychomotor stimulant vs local anesthetic effects of cocaine: Role of behavioral sensitization and kindling
    • Post RM and Weiss SR. 1988. "Psychomotor Stimulant vs Local Anesthetic Effects of Cocaine: Role of Behavioral Sensitization and Kindling," NIDA Res Monogr., 88:217-238.
    • (1988) NIDA Res Monogr. , vol.88 , pp. 217-238
    • Post, R.M.1    Weiss, S.R.2
  • 14
    • 0028821415 scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of cocaine cardiotoxicity
    • Rump AF, Theisohn M and Klaus W. 1995. "The Pathophysiology of Cocaine Cardiotoxicity," Forensic Sci Int., 71:103-115.
    • (1995) Forensic Sci Int. , vol.71 , pp. 103-115
    • Rump, A.F.1    Theisohn, M.2    Klaus, W.3
  • 15
    • 0023682148 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine inhibits muscarinic cholinergic receptors in heart and brain
    • Sharkey J, Ritz MC, Schenden JA, et al. 1988. "Cocaine Inhibits Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors in Heart and Brain," J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 246:1048-1052.
    • (1988) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.246 , pp. 1048-1052
    • Sharkey, J.1    Ritz, M.C.2    Schenden, J.A.3
  • 16
    • 0023841910 scopus 로고
    • Chronic neuropharmacology of cocaine: Progress in pharmacotherapy
    • Gawin FH. 1988. "Chronic Neuropharmacology of Cocaine: Progress in Pharmacotherapy," J Clin Psych., 49:11-16.
    • (1988) J Clin Psych. , vol.49 , pp. 11-16
    • Gawin, F.H.1
  • 17
    • 0027828875 scopus 로고
    • Drugs of abuse: Biochemical surrogates of specific aspects of natural reward
    • Di Chiara G, Acquas E, Tanda G, et al. 1993. "Drugs of Abuse: Biochemical Surrogates of Specific Aspects of Natural Reward," Biochem Soc Symp., 59:65-81.
    • (1993) Biochem Soc Symp. , vol.59 , pp. 65-81
    • Di Chiara, G.1    Acquas, E.2    Tanda, G.3
  • 18
    • 0343058962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in locomotor activity, core temperature, and heart rate in response to repeated cocaine administration
    • Ansah TA, Wade LH and Shockley DC. 1996. "Changes in Locomotor Activity, Core Temperature, and Heart Rate in Response to Repeated Cocaine Administration," Physiol Behav., 60:1261-1267.
    • (1996) Physiol Behav. , vol.60 , pp. 1261-1267
    • Ansah, T.A.1    Wade, L.H.2    Shockley, D.C.3
  • 19
    • 0029742782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of cocaine during pregnancy
    • Chao CR. 1996. "Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine During Pregnancy," Semin Perinatol., 20:107-114.
    • (1996) Semin Perinatol. , vol.20 , pp. 107-114
    • Chao, C.R.1
  • 20
    • 0025296159 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic cocaine administration and cocaine withdrawal on coronary flow rate and heart rate responses to epinephrine and cocaine in isolated perfused rat hearts
    • Avakian EV, LeRoy M, St. John-Allan K. et al. 1990. "Effect of Chronic Cocaine Administration and Cocaine Withdrawal on Coronary Flow Rate and Heart Rate Responses to Epinephrine and Cocaine in Isolated Perfused Rat Hearts," Life Sci., 46:1569-1574.
    • (1990) Life Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1569-1574
    • Avakian, E.V.1    Leroy, M.2    St. John-Allan, K.3
  • 21
    • 0030043209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct cardiotoxic effects of cocaine and cocaethylene on isolated cardiomyocytes
    • Bai H, Otsu K, Islam MN, et al. 1996. "Direct Cardiotoxic Effects of Cocaine and Cocaethylene on Isolated Cardiomyocytes," Int J Cardiol., 53:15-23.
    • (1996) Int J Cardiol. , vol.53 , pp. 15-23
    • Bai, H.1    Otsu, K.2    Islam, M.N.3
  • 22
    • 0030236881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-associated heart disease
    • Baugh JK. 1996. "Cocaine-Associated Heart Disease," J S C Med Assoc., 92:389-392.
    • (1996) J S C Med Assoc. , vol.92 , pp. 389-392
    • Baugh, J.K.1
  • 23
    • 0024446523 scopus 로고
    • High-grade atrioventricular heart block in an adult with systemic lupus erythematosus: The association of nuclear RNP (U1 RNP) antibodies, a case report, and review of the literature
    • Bilazarian SD, Taylor AJ, Brezinski D, et al. 1989. "High-Grade Atrioventricular Heart Block in an Adult with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Association of Nuclear RNP (U1 RNP) Antibodies, A Case Report, and Review of the Literature [See Comments]," Arthritis Rheum., 32:1170-1174.
    • (1989) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.32 , pp. 1170-1174
    • Bilazarian, S.D.1    Taylor, A.J.2    Brezinski, D.3
  • 24
    • 0028950152 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac complications of cocaine abuse
    • Chakko S and Myerburg RJ. 1995. "Cardiac Complications of Cocaine Abuse," Clin Cardiol., 18:67-72.
    • (1995) Clin Cardiol. , vol.18 , pp. 67-72
    • Chakko, S.1    Myerburg, R.J.2
  • 25
    • 0029145959 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cocaine
    • Cone EJ. 1995. "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cocaine," J Anal Toxicol., 19:459-478.
    • (1995) J Anal Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 459-478
    • Cone, E.J.1
  • 26
    • 0026357753 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal development of cardiac and respiratory control following prenatal drug exposure
    • Harper RM. 1991. "Postnatal Development of Cardiac and Respiratory Control Following Prenatal Drug Exposure," NIDA Res Monogr., 114:187-205.
    • (1991) NIDA Res Monogr. , vol.114 , pp. 187-205
    • Harper, R.M.1
  • 27
    • 0030439404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine inhibits sympathetic neural activity by acting in the central nervous system and at the sympathetic ganglion
    • Hernandez YM, Raczkowski VF, Dretchen KL, et al. 1996. "Cocaine Inhibits Sympathetic Neural Activity by Acting in the Central Nervous System and at the Sympathetic Ganglion," J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 277:1114-1121.
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.277 , pp. 1114-1121
    • Hernandez, Y.M.1    Raczkowski, V.F.2    Dretchen, K.L.3
  • 28
    • 0032750795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac and mood-related changes during short-term abstinence from crack cocaine: The identification of possible withdrawal phenomena
    • Kajdasz DK, Moore JW, Donepudi H, et al. 1999. "Cardiac and Mood-Related Changes During Short-Term Abstinence From Crack Cocaine: The Identification of Possible Withdrawal Phenomena," Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 25:629-637.
    • (1999) Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse , vol.25 , pp. 629-637
    • Kajdasz, D.K.1    Moore, J.W.2    Donepudi, H.3
  • 29
    • 0030022077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrest in cocaine users
    • Karch SB. 1996. "Cardiac Arrest in Cocaine Users," Am J Emerg Med., 14:79-81.
    • (1996) Am J Emerg Med. , vol.14 , pp. 79-81
    • Karch, S.B.1
  • 30
    • 0030921621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of active chronic cocaine use on cardiac sympathetic neuronal function assessed by carbon-11-hydroxyephedrine
    • Melon PG, Boyd CJ, McVey S, et al. 1997. "Effects of Active Chronic Cocaine Use on Cardiac Sympathetic Neuronal Function Assessed by Carbon-11-Hydroxyephedrine," J Nucl Med., 38:451-456.
    • (1997) J Nucl Med. , vol.38 , pp. 451-456
    • Melon, P.G.1    Boyd, C.J.2    McVey, S.3
  • 31
    • 0030940019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden cardiac death in persons with normal (or near normal) hearts
    • Myerburg RJ. 1997. "Sudden Cardiac Death in Persons with Normal (or Near Normal) Hearts," Am J Cardiol., 79:3-9.
    • (1997) Am J Cardiol. , vol.79 , pp. 3-9
    • Myerburg, R.J.1
  • 32
    • 0030445034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cocaine on human platelet aggregation in vitro
    • Heesch CM, Steiner M, Hernandez JA, et al. 1996. "Effects of Cocaine on Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro," J Toxicol Clin Toxicol., 34:673-684.
    • (1996) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. , vol.34 , pp. 673-684
    • Heesch, C.M.1    Steiner, M.2    Hernandez, J.A.3
  • 33
    • 0027162012 scopus 로고
    • Activation of human platelets by cocaine
    • Kugelmass AD, Oda A, Monahan K, et al. 1993. "Activation of Human Platelets by Cocaine," Circulation 88:876-883.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 876-883
    • Kugelmass, A.D.1    Oda, A.2    Monahan, K.3
  • 34
    • 0028936885 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous cocaine induces platelet activation in the conscious dog
    • Kugelmass AD, Shannon RP, Yeo EL, et al. 1995. "Intravenous Cocaine Induces Platelet Activation in the Conscious Dog," Circulation 91:1336-1340.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 1336-1340
    • Kugelmass, A.D.1    Shannon, R.P.2    Yeo, E.L.3
  • 35
    • 0026034223 scopus 로고
    • Fetal coronary thrombosis as a cause of single ventricular heart
    • Shepard TH, Fantel AG and Kapur RP. 1991. "Fetal Coronary Thrombosis as a Cause of Single Ventricular Heart [See Comments]," Teratology 43:113-117.
    • (1991) Teratology , vol.43 , pp. 113-117
    • Shepard, T.H.1    Fantel, A.G.2    Kapur, R.P.3
  • 36
    • 0032706133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of T2-Weighted MR imaging signal abnormalities in the brain of cocaine-dependent patients is age-related and region-specific
    • Bartzokis G, Goldstein IB, Hance DB, et al. 1999. "The Incidence of T2-Weighted MR Imaging Signal Abnormalities in the Brain of Cocaine-Dependent Patients is Age-Related and Region-Specific," AJNR Am J Neuroradiol., 20:1628-1635.
    • (1999) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. , vol.20 , pp. 1628-1635
    • Bartzokis, G.1    Goldstein, I.B.2    Hance, D.B.3
  • 37
    • 0029859302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine toxicity and isoflurane anesthesia: Hemodynamic, myocardial metabolic, and regional blood flow effects in Swine
    • Boylan JF, Cheng DC, Sandler AN, et al. 1996. "Cocaine Toxicity and Isoflurane Anesthesia: Hemodynamic, Myocardial Metabolic, and Regional Blood Flow Effects in Swine." J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth., 10:772-777.
    • (1996) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. , vol.10 , pp. 772-777
    • Boylan, J.F.1    Cheng, D.C.2    Sandler, A.N.3
  • 38
    • 0031037787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of intravenous cocaine on pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac index in habitual crack smokers
    • Kleerup EC, Wong M, Marques-Magallanes JA, et al. 1997. "Acute Effects of Intravenous Cocaine on Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Cardiac Index in Habitual Crack Smokers," Chest 111:30-35.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 30-35
    • Kleerup, E.C.1    Wong, M.2    Marques-Magallanes, J.A.3
  • 39
    • 0028904310 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine: A review of its toxic actions on cardiac function
    • Billman GE. 1995. "Cocaine: A Review of its Toxic Actions on Cardiac Function," Crit Rev Toxicol., 25:113-132.
    • (1995) Crit Rev Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 113-132
    • Billman, G.E.1
  • 40
    • 0030753740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced wide complex dysrhythmia
    • Kerns W, Garvey L and Owens J. 1997. "Cocaine-Induced Wide Complex Dysrhythmia," J Emerg Med., 15:321-329.
    • (1997) J Emerg Med. , vol.15 , pp. 321-329
    • Kerns, W.1    Garvey, L.2    Owens, J.3
  • 41
    • 0030032083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of cocaine in neonates exposed prenatally
    • Tuboku-Metzger AJ, O'Shea JS, Campbell RM, et al. 1996. "Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine in Neonates Exposed Prenatally," Am J Perinatol., 13:1-4.
    • (1996) Am J Perinatol. , vol.13 , pp. 1-4
    • Tuboku-Metzger, A.J.1    O'Shea, J.S.2    Campbell, R.M.3
  • 42
    • 0026645533 scopus 로고
    • Early after-depolarizations and triggered activity induced by cocaine. A possible mechanism of cocaine arrhythmogenesis
    • Kimura S, Bassett AL, Xi H, et al. 1992. "Early After-Depolarizations and Triggered Activity Induced by Cocaine. A Possible Mechanism of Cocaine Arrhythmogenesis," Circulation 85:2227-2235.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 2227-2235
    • Kimura, S.1    Bassett, A.L.2    Xi, H.3
  • 43
    • 0031689276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cocaine chronotoxicology in an urban ED
    • Erickson TB, Lee J, Zautcke JL, et al. 1998. "Analysis of Cocaine Chronotoxicology in an Urban ED," Am J Emerg Med., 16:568-571.
    • (1998) Am J Emerg Med. , vol.16 , pp. 568-571
    • Erickson, T.B.1    Lee, J.2    Zautcke, J.L.3
  • 44
    • 0024551386 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine exposure among children seen at a pediatric hospital
    • Shannon M, Lacouture PG, Roa J, et al. 1989. "Cocaine Exposure Among Children Seen at a Pediatric Hospital," Pediatrics 83:337-342.
    • (1989) Pediatrics , vol.83 , pp. 337-342
    • Shannon, M.1    Lacouture, P.G.2    Roa, J.3
  • 45
    • 0024529189 scopus 로고
    • Passive freebase cocaine ('crack') inhalation by infants and toddlers
    • Bateman DA and Heagarty MC. 1989. "Passive Freebase Cocaine ('Crack') Inhalation by Infants and Toddlers," Am J Dis Child., 143:25-27.
    • (1989) Am J Dis Child. , vol.143 , pp. 25-27
    • Bateman, D.A.1    Heagarty, M.C.2
  • 46
    • 0032835462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced cardiovascular responses in rats during acute ethanol withdrawal
    • Briscoe RJ, Baird TJ, Lerner MR, et al. 1999. "Cocaine-Induced Cardiovascular Responses in Rats During Acute Ethanol Withdrawal," Alcohol 19:131-137.
    • (1999) Alcohol , vol.19 , pp. 131-137
    • Briscoe, R.J.1    Baird, T.J.2    Lerner, M.R.3
  • 47
    • 0030013811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-associated intracranial hemorrhage: Absence of vasculitis in 14 cases
    • Aggarwal SK, Williams V, Levine SR. et al. 1996. "Cocaine-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage: Absence of Vasculitis in 14 Cases," Neurology 46:1741-1743.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1741-1743
    • Aggarwal, S.K.1    Williams, V.2    Levine, S.R.3
  • 48
    • 0030448010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications from the use of thrombolytic agents in patients with cocaine associated chest pain
    • Hollander JE, Wilson LD, Leo PJ, et al. 1996. "Complications from the Use of Thrombolytic Agents in Patients with Cocaine Associated Chest Pain," J Emerg Med., 14:731-736.
    • (1996) J Emerg Med. , vol.14 , pp. 731-736
    • Hollander, J.E.1    Wilson, L.D.2    Leo, P.J.3
  • 49
    • 0030030754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasospasm/Thrombus in cerebral ischemia related to cocaine abuse
    • Martinez N, Diez-Tejedor E, and Frank A. 1996. "Vasospasm/Thrombus in Cerebral Ischemia Related to Cocaine Abuse [Letter]," Stroke 27:147-148.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 147-148
    • Martinez, N.1    Diez-Tejedor, E.2    Frank, A.3
  • 50
    • 0027477797 scopus 로고
    • Risk of intracranial hemorrhage and other adverse outcomes after cocaine exposure in a cohort of 323 very low birth weight infants
    • Dusick AM, Covert RF, Schreiber MD, et al. 1993. "Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage and Other Adverse Outcomes After Cocaine Exposure in a Cohort of 323 Very Low Birth Weight Infants," J Pediatr., 122:438-445.
    • (1993) J Pediatr. , vol.122 , pp. 438-445
    • Dusick, A.M.1    Covert, R.F.2    Schreiber, M.D.3
  • 51
    • 0032806770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct features of seizures induced by cocaine and amphetamine analogs
    • Hanson GR, Jensen M, Johnson M, et al. 1999. "Distinct Features of Seizures Induced by Cocaine and Amphetamine Analogs," Eur J Pharmacol., 377:167-173.
    • (1999) Eur J Pharmacol. , vol.377 , pp. 167-173
    • Hanson, G.R.1    Jensen, M.2    Johnson, M.3
  • 52
    • 0031588785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against cocaine and combined cocaine-ethanol toxicities in mice by imidazobenzodiazepine RO 15-4513
    • Hayase T, Yamamoto Y and Yamamoto K. 1997. "Protection Against Cocaine and Combined Cocaine-Ethanol Toxicities in Mice by Imidazobenzodiazepine RO 15-4513," Toxicology, 117:171-182.
    • (1997) Toxicology , vol.117 , pp. 171-182
    • Hayase, T.1    Yamamoto, Y.2    Yamamoto, K.3
  • 53
    • 0026781721 scopus 로고
    • Sensitization to the toxic effects of cocaine in mice is associated with the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the cortex
    • Itzhak Y and Stein I. 1992. "Sensitization to the Toxic Effects of Cocaine in Mice is Associated with the Regulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors in the Cortex," J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 262:464-470.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.262 , pp. 464-470
    • Itzhak, Y.1    Stein, I.2
  • 54
    • 0029835022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of cocaine use to seizures and epilepsy
    • Koppel BS, Samkoff L, and Daras M. 1996. "Relation of Cocaine Use to Seizures and Epilepsy," Epilepsia 37:875-878.
    • (1996) Epilepsia , vol.37 , pp. 875-878
    • Koppel, B.S.1    Samkoff, L.2    Daras, M.3
  • 56
    • 0028220368 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic manifestations of cocaine exposure in childhood
    • Mott SH, Packer RJ, and Soldin SJ. 1994. "Neurologic Manifestations of Cocaine Exposure in Childhood," Pediatrics 93:557-560.
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.93 , pp. 557-560
    • Mott, S.H.1    Packer, R.J.2    Soldin, S.J.3
  • 57
    • 0027491708 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced seizures and lethality appear to be associated with distinct central nervous system binding sites
    • Ritz MC and George FR. 1993. "Cocaine-Induced Seizures and Lethality Appear to be Associated with Distinct Central Nervous System Binding Sites," J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 264:1333-1343.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.264 , pp. 1333-1343
    • Ritz, M.C.1    George, F.R.2
  • 58
    • 0029036918 scopus 로고
    • Vasospasm and thrombus formation as possible mechanisms of stroke related to alkaloidal cocaine
    • Konzen JP, Levine SR and Garcia JH. 1995. "Vasospasm and Thrombus Formation as Possible Mechanisms of Stroke Related to Alkaloidal Cocaine [See Comments]," Stroke 26:1114-1118.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 1114-1118
    • Konzen, J.P.1    Levine, S.R.2    Garcia, J.H.3
  • 59
    • 0028202799 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced cerebrovasospasm and its possible mechanism of action
    • He GQ. Zhang A, Altura BT, et al. 1994. "Cocaine-Induced Cerebrovasospasm and Its Possible Mechanism of Action," J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 268:1532-1539.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.268 , pp. 1532-1539
    • He, G.Q.1    Zhang, A.2    Altura, B.T.3
  • 60
    • 0026484971 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine induces intracellular free Mg deficits, ischemia and stroke as observed by in-vivo 31P-NMR of the brain
    • Altura BM and Gupta RK. 1992. "Cocaine Induces Intracellular Free Mg Deficits, Ischemia and Stroke as Observed by In-Vivo 31P-NMR of the Brain," Biochim Biophys Acta., 1111:271-274.
    • (1992) Biochim Biophys Acta. , vol.1111 , pp. 271-274
    • Altura, B.M.1    Gupta, R.K.2
  • 62
    • 0030056564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome after abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy by N-acetylcysteine but not Mannitol
    • Kretzschmar M, Klein U, Palutke M, et al. 1996. "Reduction of Ischemia-Reperfusion Syndrome After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy by N-Acetylcysteine but not Mannitol," Acta Anaesthesiol Scand., 40:657-664.
    • (1996) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. , vol.40 , pp. 657-664
    • Kretzschmar, M.1    Klein, U.2    Palutke, M.3
  • 63
    • 0027937817 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine alters placental production of thromboxane and prostacyclin
    • Monga M, Chmielowiec S, Andres RL, et al. 1994. "Cocaine Alters Placental Production of Thromboxane and Prostacyclin," Am J Obstet Gynecol., 171:965-969.
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol. , vol.171 , pp. 965-969
    • Monga, M.1    Chmielowiec, S.2    Andres, R.L.3
  • 64
    • 0025800008 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine: Alkaloidal versus hydrochloride - A review
    • Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, et al. 1991. "A Comparative Study of the Cerebrovascular Complications of Cocaine: Alkaloidal Versus Hydrochloride - A Review," Neurology, 41:1173-1177.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1173-1177
    • Levine, S.R.1    Brust, J.C.2    Futrell, N.3
  • 65
    • 0029968038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute, reversible pulmonary hypertension associated with cocaine use
    • Collazos J, Martinez E, Fernandez A, et al. 1996. "Acute, Reversible Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Cocaine Use," Respir Med., 90:171-174.
    • (1996) Respir Med. , vol.90 , pp. 171-174
    • Collazos, J.1    Martinez, E.2    Fernandez, A.3
  • 66
    • 0024341162 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cephalic hypotension, hypertension, and barbiturates on fetal cerebral blood flow and metabolism
    • Hohimer AR and Bissonnette JM. 1989. "Effects of Cephalic Hypotension, Hypertension, and Barbiturates on Fetal Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism," Am J Obstet Gynecol., 161:1344-1351.
    • (1989) Am J Obstet Gynecol. , vol.161 , pp. 1344-1351
    • Hohimer, A.R.1    Bissonnette, J.M.2
  • 67
    • 0029997027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial hemorrhage associated with cocaine abuse: A prospective autopsy study
    • Nolte KB, Brass LM and Fletterick CF. 1996. "Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated with Cocaine Abuse: A Prospective Autopsy Study [See Comments]," Neurology 46:1291-1296.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1291-1296
    • Nolte, K.B.1    Brass, L.M.2    Fletterick, C.F.3
  • 68
    • 0020656850 scopus 로고
    • Complications of intravenous phenytoin for acute treatment of seizures. Recommendations for usage
    • Earnest MP, Marx JA and Drury LR. 1983. "Complications of Intravenous Phenytoin for Acute Treatment of Seizures. Recommendations for Usage," JAMA 249:762-765.
    • (1983) JAMA , vol.249 , pp. 762-765
    • Earnest, M.P.1    Marx, J.A.2    Drury, L.R.3
  • 69
    • 0023927069 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine binding at sigma receptors
    • Sharkey J, Glen KA, Wolfe S, et al. 1988. "Cocaine Binding at Sigma Receptors," Eur J Pharmacol., 149:171-174.
    • (1988) Eur J Pharmacol. , vol.149 , pp. 171-174
    • Sharkey, J.1    Glen, K.A.2    Wolfe, S.3
  • 70
    • 0031012223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal excited delirium following cocaine use: Epidemiologic findings provide new evidence for mechanisms of cocaine toxicity
    • Ruttenber AJ, Lawler-Heavner J, Yin M, et al. 1997. "Fatal Excited Delirium Following Cocaine Use: Epidemiologic Findings Provide New Evidence for Mechanisms of Cocaine Toxicity," J Forensic Sci., 42:25-31.
    • (1997) J Forensic Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 25-31
    • Ruttenber, A.J.1    Lawler-Heavner, J.2    Yin, M.3
  • 71
    • 0031282336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe rhabdomyolysis with renal failure after intranasal cocaine use
    • Horowitz BZ, Panacek EA, and Jouriles NJ. 1997. "Severe Rhabdomyolysis with Renal Failure After Intranasal Cocaine Use," J Emerg Med., 15:833-837.
    • (1997) J Emerg Med. , vol.15 , pp. 833-837
    • Horowitz, B.Z.1    Panacek, E.A.2    Jouriles, N.J.3
  • 72
    • 0026650847 scopus 로고
    • Seizures induced by the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine in rats
    • Konkol RJ, Erickson BA, Doerr JK, et al. 1992. "Seizures Induced by the Cocaine Metabolite Benzoylecgonine in Rats," Epilepsia 33:420-427.
    • (1992) Epilepsia , vol.33 , pp. 420-427
    • Konkol, R.J.1    Erickson, B.A.2    Doerr, J.K.3
  • 74
    • 0025976183 scopus 로고
    • Unsuspected cocaine exposure in young children
    • Kharasch SJ, Glotzer D, Vinci R, et al. 1991. "Unsuspected Cocaine Exposure in Young Children," Am J Dis Child., 145:204-206.
    • (1991) Am J Dis Child. , vol.145 , pp. 204-206
    • Kharasch, S.J.1    Glotzer, D.2    Vinci, R.3
  • 75
    • 0028365112 scopus 로고
    • Special considerations in the poisoned pediatric patient
    • Henretig FM. 1994. "Special Considerations in the Poisoned Pediatric Patient," Emerg Med Clin North Am., 12:549-567.
    • (1994) Emerg Med Clin North Am. , vol.12 , pp. 549-567
    • Henretig, F.M.1
  • 76
    • 0032713884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced acute renal failure without rhabdomyolysis
    • Amoedo ML, Graver L, Marco MP, et al. 1999. "Cocaine-Induced Acute Renal Failure Without Rhabdomyolysis [Letter]," Nephrol Dial Transplant., 14:2970-2971.
    • (1999) Nephrol Dial Transplant. , vol.14 , pp. 2970-2971
    • Amoedo, M.L.1    Graver, L.2    Marco, M.P.3
  • 77
    • 0032729576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute cocaine intoxication in a smuggler. One case report and a review of the literature
    • Farah E and Ghayad E. 1999. "Acute Cocaine Intoxication in a Smuggler. One Case Report and a Review of the Literature," J Med Liban., 47:198-200.
    • (1999) J Med Liban. , vol.47 , pp. 198-200
    • Farah, E.1    Ghayad, E.2
  • 78
    • 0028214423 scopus 로고
    • Renal vascular abnormalities associated with prenatal cocaine exposure
    • Ho J, Afshani E and Stapleton FB. 1994. "Renal Vascular Abnormalities Associated with Prenatal Cocaine Exposure [See Comments]," Clin Pediatr., 33:155-156.
    • (1994) Clin Pediatr. , vol.33 , pp. 155-156
    • Ho, J.1    Afshani, E.2    Stapleton, F.B.3
  • 79
    • 0024407090 scopus 로고
    • Differential sensitivity to cocaine in spontaneously hypertensive and wistar-kyoto rats
    • Ishizuka Y, Rockhold RW, Kirchner K, et al. 1989. "Differential Sensitivity to Cocaine in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto Rats," Life Sci., 45:223-232.
    • (1989) Life Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 223-232
    • Ishizuka, Y.1    Rockhold, R.W.2    Kirchner, K.3
  • 80
    • 0028961371 scopus 로고
    • Role of cocaine in end-stage renal disease in some hypertensive African Americans
    • Dunea G, Arruda JA, Bakir AA, et al. 1995. "Role of Cocaine in End-Stage Renal Disease in Some Hypertensive African Americans," Am J Nephrol., 15:5-9.
    • (1995) Am J Nephrol. , vol.15 , pp. 5-9
    • Dunea, G.1    Arruda, J.A.2    Bakir, A.A.3
  • 81
    • 0028273191 scopus 로고
    • Myoglobinuric acute renal failure associated with cocaine use
    • Turbat-Herrera EA. 1994. "Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure Associated with Cocaine Use," Ultrastruct Pathol., 18:127-131.
    • (1994) Ultrastruct Pathol. , vol.18 , pp. 127-131
    • Turbat-Herrera, E.A.1
  • 82
    • 0031880999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic poisoning with adulterated intranasal cocaine
    • Weiner AL, Bayer MJ, McKay CAJ, et al. 1998. "Anticholinergic Poisoning with Adulterated Intranasal Cocaine," Am J Emerg Med., 16:517-520.
    • (1998) Am J Emerg Med. , vol.16 , pp. 517-520
    • Weiner, A.L.1    Bayer, M.J.2    McKay, C.A.J.3
  • 83
    • 0029960651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of cocaine and methamphetamine use with giant gastroduodenal ulcers
    • Pecha RE, Prindiville T, Pecha BS, et al. 1996. "Association of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Use with Giant Gastroduodenal Ulcers," Am J Gastroenterol, 91:2523-2527.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 2523-2527
    • Pecha, R.E.1    Prindiville, T.2    Pecha, B.S.3
  • 84
    • 0033497564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemic of cocaine-related juxtapyloric perforations: With a comment on the importance of testing for Helicobacter pylori
    • Feliciano DV, Ojukwu JC, Rozycki GS, et al. 1999. "The Epidemic of Cocaine-Related Juxtapyloric Perforations: With a Comment on the Importance of Testing for Helicobacter pylori," Ann Surg., 229:801-804.
    • (1999) Ann Surg. , vol.229 , pp. 801-804
    • Feliciano, D.V.1    Ojukwu, J.C.2    Rozycki, G.S.3
  • 85
    • 0031738684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histologic spectrum of arterial and arteriolar lesions in acute and chronic cocaine-induced mesenteric ischemia: Report of three cases and literature review
    • Hoang MP, Lee EL, and Anand A. 1998. "Histologic Spectrum of Arterial and Arteriolar Lesions in Acute and Chronic Cocaine-Induced Mesenteric Ischemia: Report of Three Cases and Literature Review," Am J Surg Pathol., 22:1404-1410.
    • (1998) Am J Surg Pathol. , vol.22 , pp. 1404-1410
    • Hoang, M.P.1    Lee, E.L.2    Anand, A.3
  • 86
    • 0030788120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-associated intestinal gangrene in a pregnant woman
    • Jawahar D, Leo PJ, Anandarao N, et al. 1997. "Cocaine-Associated Intestinal Gangrene in a Pregnant Woman," Am J Emerg Med., 15:510-512.
    • (1997) Am J Emerg Med. , vol.15 , pp. 510-512
    • Jawahar, D.1    Leo, P.J.2    Anandarao, N.3
  • 87
    • 0028174961 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal manifestations of cocaine addiction
    • Gourgoutis G and Das G. 1994. "Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Cocaine Addiction," Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther., 32:136-141.
    • (1994) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. , vol.32 , pp. 136-141
    • Gourgoutis, G.1    Das, G.2
  • 88
    • 0029052969 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with free-base (crack) cocaine
    • Fennell DA, Gandhi SS and Prichard BN. 1995. "Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage Associated With Free-base (Crack) Cocaine," Postgrad Med J., 71:377-379.
    • (1995) Postgrad Med J. , vol.71 , pp. 377-379
    • Fennell, D.A.1    Gandhi, S.S.2    Prichard, B.N.3
  • 89
    • 0025917279 scopus 로고
    • Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea and cardiovascular collapse in a young child owing to environmentally acquired cocaine
    • Riggs D and Weibley RE. 1991 "Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea and Cardiovascular Collapse in a Young Child Owing to Environmentally Acquired Cocaine," Pediatr Emerg Care 7:154-155.
    • (1991) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.7 , pp. 154-155
    • Riggs, D.1    Weibley, R.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.